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Journal of Health Psychology Mar 2017Health information can be presented in different formats, such as a statistically-based or a story-based (e.g. narrative) format; however, there is no consensus on the... (Review)
Review
Health information can be presented in different formats, such as a statistically-based or a story-based (e.g. narrative) format; however, there is no consensus on the ideal way to present screening information. This systematic review summarizes the literature pertaining to narrative interventions' efficacy at changing screening behaviour and its determinants. Five psychology and public health databases were searched; 19 studies, 18 focused on cancer and 1 on sexual health, met eligibility criteria. There is consistent evidence supporting the efficacy of narratives, but mixed evidence supporting an advantage for narratives over statistical interventions for screening behaviour and its determinants. Further investigation is warranted.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Personal Narratives as Topic; Persuasive Communication
PubMed: 26359288
DOI: 10.1177/1359105315603463 -
Geriatric Nursing (New York, N.Y.) 2015The aim is to describe nursing home nurses' perceptions around emergency transfers to hospital. Transfers are costly and traumatic for residents, and efforts are... (Review)
Review
The aim is to describe nursing home nurses' perceptions around emergency transfers to hospital. Transfers are costly and traumatic for residents, and efforts are underway to avoid hospitalization. Nurses play a key role in transfers, yet their views are underreported. A systematic review of qualitative studies was undertaken, guided by Joanna Briggs Institute methods. From seven reviewed studies, it was clear nursing home nurses are challenged by the complexity of the transfer process and understand their need for appropriate clinical knowledge, skills and resources. Communication is important, yet nurses often use persuasive and targeted communication. Ambiguity, strained relationships and negative perceptions of residents' experiences around hospitalization contribute to conflict and uncertainty. Nurses are more confident when there is a plan. Transferring a resident is a complex process and special skills, knowledge and resources are required, but may be lacking. Efforts to formalize the transfer process and improve communication and collaboration amongst all stakeholders is needed and would be well received.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Communication; Emergency Service, Hospital; Geriatric Nursing; Humans; Nursing Homes; Nursing Staff; Patient Transfer; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 26163012
DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2015.06.001 -
Health Education Research Jun 2015Alcohol media literacy is an emerging field that aims to address the link between exposure to alcohol advertising and subsequent expectancies and behaviours for children... (Review)
Review
Alcohol media literacy is an emerging field that aims to address the link between exposure to alcohol advertising and subsequent expectancies and behaviours for children and adolescents. The design, rigour and results of alcohol media literacy programmes vary considerably, resulting in a number of unanswered questions about effectiveness. To provide insight into some of these questions, a systematic literature review of alcohol media literacy studies was conducted. The review was guided by the following research question: What considerations are needed to develop an effective school-based alcohol media literacy programme? On the basis of a critical synthesis of 10 interventions (published in the period 1997 to May 2014), our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the descriptive, methodological and outcome characteristics of this small body of significant research. The review provides considerations for future alcohol media literacy programmes, including the need for an interactive pedagogical approach within the naturalistic school setting, implementation fidelity and a holistic approach to programme evaluation, a means for maintaining relevance, consideration of gender differences, relevance for an international audience and use of follow-up and longitudinal data.
Topics: Adolescent; Advertising; Alcoholic Beverages; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Media; Persuasive Communication; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Schools
PubMed: 25840435
DOI: 10.1093/her/cyv015 -
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology May 2015To identify factors associated with the implementability of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and to determine what characteristics improve their uptake. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To identify factors associated with the implementability of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and to determine what characteristics improve their uptake.
STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING
We conducted a realist review, which involved searching multiple sources (eg, databases, experts) to determine what about guideline implementability works, for whom, and under what circumstances. Two sets of reviewers independently screened abstracts and extracted data from 278 included studies. Analysis involved the development of a codebook of definitions, validation of data, and development of hierarchical narratives to explain guideline implementability.
RESULTS
We found that guideline implementability is associated with two broad goals in guideline development: (1) creation of guideline content, which involves addressing the domains of stakeholder involvement in CPGs, evidence synthesis, considered judgment (eg, clinical applicability), and implementation feasibility and (2) the effective communication of this content, which involves domains related to fine-tuning the CPG's message (using simple, clear, and persuasive language) and format.
CONCLUSION
Our work represents a comprehensive and interdisciplinary effort toward better understanding, which attributes of guidelines have the potential to improve uptake in clinical practice. We also created codebooks and narratives of key concepts, which can be used to create tools for developing better guidelines to promote better care.
Topics: Guideline Adherence; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 25684154
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.12.013 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Mar 2015Many of today's threats to public health arise from people's lifestyle. Hence, the public's compliance with advice given for health promotion and disease prevention has... (Review)
Review
Many of today's threats to public health arise from people's lifestyle. Hence, the public's compliance with advice given for health promotion and disease prevention has to be enhanced. Much research traces back the efficacy of health promotion messages to message qualities, while other work focuses on recipient qualities. Regulatory focus theory posits inter-individual differences in motivational orientation, namely a promotion or prevention focus, and offers a unique chance to look at message and recipient variables at the same time (Higgins, 1997). Whereas a promotion-focused individual tries to achieve desired end-states, someone with a prevention focus is rather vigilant. If individuals' goal pursuit strategies match their regulatory orientation, they experience regulatory fit, which increases the perceived persuasiveness of health messages (Higgins, 2000). Such a match can be evoked by particularly framed messages that highlight a person's regulatory orientation. Thus, the assumption of regulatory fit goes beyond the concept of gain- and loss-framing. To assess whether regulatory fit contributes to the effectiveness of health communication, a systematic review was conducted. An extensive systematic search led to the inclusion of 30 studies, for which data were extracted and quality appraised. Findings were summarized using narrative synthesis. Most studies (n = 23) were conducted in the USA and assessed the effects of regulatory fit on behavioral intention (n = 21). Nineteen experiments used samples of university students, and the health context chosen most often was a healthy diet (n = 7). Sixteen experiments manipulated regulatory orientation whereas chronic regulatory focus was measured ten times. The majority of studies confirmed that regulatory fit enhanced the effectiveness of health messages, which did not vary much across different health domains or outcomes. Regulatory fit is a promising approach for tailoring health messages as the synergy effects of regulatory fit increase their effectiveness.
Topics: Health Communication; Health Promotion; Humans; Motivation; Persuasive Communication; Public Health
PubMed: 25617673
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.01.021 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Jul 2016A systematic review relevant to the following research questions was conducted (1) the extent to which different theoretical frameworks have been applied to food... (Review)
Review
A systematic review relevant to the following research questions was conducted (1) the extent to which different theoretical frameworks have been applied to food risk/benefit communication and (2) the impact such food risk/benefit communication interventions have had on related risk/benefit attitudes and behaviors. Fifty four papers were identified. The analysis revealed that (primarily European or US) research interest has been relatively recent. Certain food issues were of greater interest to researchers than others, perhaps reflecting the occurrence of a crisis, or policy concern. Three broad themes relevant to the development of best practice in risk (benefit) communication were identified: the characteristics of the target population; the contents of the information; and the characteristics of the information sources. Within these themes, independent and dependent variables differed considerably. Overall, acute risk (benefit) communication will require advances in communication process whereas chronic communication needs to identify audience requirements. Both citizen's risk/benefit perceptions and (if relevant) related behaviors need to be taken into account, and recommendations for behavioral change need to be concrete and actionable. The application of theoretical frameworks to the study of risk (benefit) communication was infrequent, and developing predictive models of effective risk (benefit) communication may be contingent on improved theoretical perspectives.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Databases, Factual; Food Safety; Humans; Persuasive Communication; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 25575335
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.801337