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Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2024This systematic review aims to examine the effects of task-oriented (TO) training on gait function in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to determine the most... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review aims to examine the effects of task-oriented (TO) training on gait function in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to determine the most effective TO training protocol.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, REHABDATA, and PEDro for studies that examined the effects of TO on gait ability (i.e., gait velocity, gait endurance, functional mobility) in people with MS from 1971 to October 2022. The quality of the selected studies was estimated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale.
RESULTS
Nine studies met the eligibility criteria. A total of 199 people with MS, 58.79% of whom were women, were included. Five studies revealed "good" quality, one revealed "fair", and three exhibited "poor" quality. Four studies administered TO training alone, and five combined TO training with conventional physiotherapy. The selected studies showed varied results for the influences of TO training on gait ability in people with MS.
CONCLUSIONS
The evidence for the impact of TO training on people with MS was limited. The optimal TO training protocol stills vague. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Physical Therapy Modalities; Gait; Exercise Therapy; Female
PubMed: 38876706
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.027 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2024Localized exercises are employed to activate, train, or restore the function of particular muscles and they are usually considered as part of treating individuals... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Localized exercises are employed to activate, train, or restore the function of particular muscles and they are usually considered as part of treating individuals suffering low back pain. So, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of specific exercises in general population with non-specific low back pain (LBP).
METHODS
We conducted electronic searches in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Google scholar from January 1990 to June 2021. Initially, 47,740 records were identified. Following the removal of duplicates, 32,138 records were left. After reviewing titles and abstracts, 262 papers were chosen for thorough assessment. Among these, 208 studies were excluded, resulting in 54 trials meeting the inclusion criteria for this study. Additionally, 46 of these trials were randomized controlled trials and were further evaluated for the meta-analysis. We included trials investigating the effectiveness of exercise therapy, including isometric activation of deep trunk muscles, strengthening exercises, stabilization exercises, stretching exercises, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises (PNF) in LBP patients. The primary outcome was pain intensity, measured using tools such as the visual analogue scale (VAS) and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). The secondary outcome was disability, assessed through instruments such as the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The quality of the eligible studies was assessed using the Verhagen tool, and the level of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach.
RESULTS
Based on the Verhagen tool, 46 trials (85.2%) were categorized as having low methodological quality, while 8 studies (14.8%) were considered to have medium methodological quality. The meta-analysis indicated a small efficacy in favor of isometric activation of deep trunk muscles (-0.37, 95% CI: -0.88 to 0.13), a moderate efficacy in favor of stabilization exercises (-0.53, 95% CI: -1.13 to 0.08), and a large efficacy in favor of PNF exercises (-0.91, 95% CI: -1.62 to -0.2) for reducing pain intensity as assessed by VAS or NPRS tools. Moreover, the meta-analysis revealed a moderate efficacy for isometric activation of deep trunk muscles (-0.61, CI: -1.02 to -0.19), and a large efficacy for PNF exercises (-1.26, 95% CI: -1.81 to -0.72) in improving disability, assessed using RMDQ or ODI questionnaires. The level of certainty in the evidence, as determined by the GRADE approach, was very low to low.
CONCLUSION
These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating localized therapeutic exercises as a fundamental aspect of managing non-specific LBP. Clinicians should consider utilizing localized therapeutic exercise tailored to individual patient needs. Furthermore, further research investigating optimal exercise therapy, optimal dose of the exercises, durations, and long-term adherence is warranted to enhance the precision and efficacy of exercise-based interventions for non-specific LBP.
Topics: Humans; Low Back Pain; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Exercise Therapy; Pain Measurement; Disability Evaluation
PubMed: 38876702
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.03.049 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2024To investigate the effects of combined exercise on fatigue, anxiety, depression, quality of life and physical functioning in gastroinstestinal neoplasm in people under... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of combined exercise on fatigue, anxiety, depression, quality of life and physical functioning in gastroinstestinal neoplasm in people under chemotherapy with oxaliplatin treatment.
METHODS
We searched pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro data base, and SciELO (until Nov 2023) for randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of combined exercise in gastroinstestinal neoplasm people under chemotherapy with oxaliplatin treatment. Two comparisons were made: combined exercise versus usual care, combined aerobic and versus usual care (follow up). The main outcomes were muscle strength, aerobic capacity, fatigue, anxiety, depression and quality of life. Mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.
RESULTS
Seven randomized controlled trials met the eligibility criteria, which included 464 people. Compared to usual care, combined aerobic and resistance resulted in decrease of general fatigue (-2.82; IC: 4.92 to -0.69, N = 48), physical fatigue (-5.08; IC: 8.41 to -1.74, N = 48) and improvement of domain physical functioning of quality of life (9.40; IC: 2.74 to 16.06, N = 48). Compared to usual care, combined aerobic and resistance - Follow up resulted in decrease of general fatigue (-2.32; IC: 4.41 to - 0.28, N = 48), physical fatigue (-0.92; IC: 3.31 to -1.47, N = 48) and improvement ofdomain physical functioning of (9.83; IC: 0.66 to 19.01, N = 48).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate that combined exercises improves fatigue (general; physical), domain physical functioning of quality of life in gastrointestinal neoplasm people under chemotherapy treatment when compared to usual care.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Fatigue; Oxaliplatin; Antineoplastic Agents; Exercise Therapy; Muscle Strength; Depression; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Anxiety; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms
PubMed: 38876699
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.004 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2024Pilates exercises have been used by the older adults and have shown potential to improve some components of physical fitness. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Pilates exercises have been used by the older adults and have shown potential to improve some components of physical fitness.
OBJECTIVE
To verify the effects of Pilates on strength, endurance and muscle power in older adults.
METHODS
The searches were performed in the databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, LILACS and PEDro until September 2022, without filters that limited the date of publications or language. The studies included were: randomized clinical trials (RCTs); interventions that used Pilates; interventions with outcomes involving strength, endurance and/or muscle power; participants over 60 years old.
RESULTS
24 RCTs (1190 participants) were selected. There is low quality evidence that Pilates did not significantly improve muscle strength compared to the control group (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = 1.18 [95%CI -0.71, 3.08] I = 93%), and moderate quality compared to other exercises (SMD = 0.01 [CI95% -0.46, 0.48] I = 0%). Very low quality evidence shows that Pilates can improve muscular endurance of upper limbs compared to control group (Mean Difference (MD) = 4.87 [95%CI 2.38, 7.36] I = 88%) and lower limbs compared to other exercises (MD = 2.68 [CI95% 0.26, 5.10] I = 87%). It was not possible to perform muscle power analysis due to the reduced number of studies.
CONCLUSION
Currently, it is not feasible to recommend Pilates exercises as a means to improve strength, endurance and muscle power in the older adults. More RCTs covering this topic are needed given the low quality of evidence available at this time.
Topics: Humans; Exercise Movement Techniques; Muscle Strength; Physical Endurance; Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 38876695
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.021 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2024Understanding how the main scapular muscles behave in overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis (SD). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Understanding how the main scapular muscles behave in overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis (SD).
DESIGN
Systematic Review.
SETTING
Electronic searches were performed in Pubmed (MedLine), Embase, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases.
PARTICIPANTS
Overhead athletes with SD.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Electromyographic activity of the upper (UT), middle (MT), and lower (LT) trapezius, and serratus anterior (SA).
RESULTS
Eight studies were included in this review. The UT activity showed a tended to increase its activity mainly during tasks over 90° compared to 45°. SA activity had similar behavior, mainly during isometric tasks. The MT also increased its activity mainly in tasks with overhead angulations when compared to lower angulations. The LT activation tended to decrease its EMG activity at angulations below 60° in overhead athletes with SD.
CONCLUSIONS
The EMG behaviour of UT and SA for non-athletes appears to differ from what has already been described in the literature. The MT seems to be the most neglected muscle for scapular stabilization in overhead athletes with SD. The decrease in LT activity suggests that this may have implications for the performance of these athletes.
Topics: Humans; Electromyography; Scapula; Dyskinesias; Muscle, Skeletal; Athletes; Superficial Back Muscles; Biomechanical Phenomena; Range of Motion, Articular; Athletic Injuries
PubMed: 38876694
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.03.014 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2024Loss of hand function causes severe limitations in activity in daily living. The hand-soft robot is one of the methods that has recently been growing to increase the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Loss of hand function causes severe limitations in activity in daily living. The hand-soft robot is one of the methods that has recently been growing to increase the patient's independence. The purpose of the present systematic review was to provide a classification, a comparison, and a design overview of mechanisms and the efficacy of the soft hand robots to help researchers approach this field.
METHODS
The literature research regarding such tools was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials. We included peer-reviewed studies that considered a soft robot glove as an assistive device to provide function. The two investigators screened the titles and abstracts, then independently reviewed the full-text articles. Disagreements about inclusion were resolved by consensus or a third reviewer.
RESULTS
A total of 15 articles were identified, describing 210 participants (23 healthy subjects). The tools were in three categories according to their actuation type (pneumatic system, cable-driven, another design). The most critical outcomes in studies included functional tasks (fourteen studies), grip strength (four studies), range of motion (ROM) (five studies), and user satisfaction (five studies).
DISCUSSION
Function and grip parameters are the most common critical parameters for tests of hand robots. Cable-driven transmission and soft pneumatic actuators are the most common choices for the actuation unit. Radder et al. study had the highest grade from other studies. That was the only RCT among studies.
CONCLUSION
Although few soft robotic gloves can be considered ready to reach the market, it seems these tools have the potential to be practical for people with a disability. But, we lack consistent evidence of comparing two or more soft robot gloves on the hand functions. Future research needs to assess the effect of soft robotic gloves on people with hand disorders with more populations.
Topics: Humans; Robotics; Hand Strength; Hand; Self-Help Devices; Range of Motion, Articular; Activities of Daily Living; Equipment Design
PubMed: 38876658
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.025 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2024The present study aimed to determine the magnitude and intervention time of resistance training required to generate adaptations in the muscle thickness of the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The present study aimed to determine the magnitude and intervention time of resistance training required to generate adaptations in the muscle thickness of the quadriceps muscle obtained by ultrasound in healthy adults.
METHOD
A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted on studies recovered from Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to March 2022. The study selection process was carried out by two independent researchers, with the presence of a third researcher in case of disagreements. The methodological quality of the studies was determined with the TESTEX scale, and the risk of bias analysis was determined using Cochrane's RoB 2.0 tool. The meta-analysis used the inverse of the variance with a fixed model, and the effect size was reported by the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a confidence interval of 95%.
RESULTS
Ten studies were included in a meta-analysis. The overall analysis of the studies demonstrated an SMD = 0.35 [95% CI: 0.13-0.56] (P = 0.002), with a low heterogeneity of I = 0% (P = 0.52). No publication bias was detected using a funnel plot followed by Egger's test (P = 0.06). The degree of certainty of the meta-analysis was high using the GRADE tool.
CONCLUSION
We found that resistance training can generate significant average increases of 16.6% in muscle thickness obtained by ultrasound in the quadriceps femoris muscles of healthy adults. However, the subgroup analysis showed that significant effect sizes were only observed after eight weeks of training.
Topics: Humans; Resistance Training; Quadriceps Muscle; Ultrasonography; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 38876638
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.007 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2024Training interventions like Resisted Sled Training, Complex Training, Plyometric training, and recently, Postactivation Potentiation Enhancement (PAPE) protocols are...
BACKGROUND
Training interventions like Resisted Sled Training, Complex Training, Plyometric training, and recently, Postactivation Potentiation Enhancement (PAPE) protocols are being employed by sportsmen for performance enhancement. Currently, there is no conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of the PAPE protocols and methods to integrate them into the training. The current systematic review aims to critically summarize the current evidence on PAPE protocols' effect on Sprint and Change of Direction (COD) performance in Athletes and study the influence of the Type of PAPE protocols, Recovery duration, Volumes, and loads of PAPE protocols.
METHODS
A systematic computerized literature search was performed from December 2020 to June 2022 on the databases: MEDLINE (assessed by PubMed), CENTRAL (Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials), PeDro, and Science direct. The major criteria for inclusion were Athletes (Population) who performed PAPE protocol as Intervention before Sprint and/or COD assessment tests. The studies were individually assessed for Risk of Bias using EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project) Tool.
RESULTS
A total of sixteen studies were included. For Linear sprint, nine studies reported a significant PAPE effect whereas, six studies reported insignificant effects. Whereas, for COD performance, two studies reported insignificant results and one study reported significant CODS enhancements The recovery duration ranged from 15 s up to 16 min.
CONCLUSION
PAPE protocols can be incorporated provided the recovery duration is of Moderate duration (3-8mins) or Individualized durations, using multiple sets (2-6), moderate-high loads (>85% 1-RM), type of protocol is Barbell Hip Thrust, Plyometrics or Unilateral biomechanically similar exercises to Running.
Topics: Humans; Athletic Performance; Running; Plyometric Exercise; Athletes; Resistance Training; Muscle Strength; Physical Conditioning, Human
PubMed: 38876634
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.006 -
Journal of Bodywork and Movement... Jul 2024The upper quarter y-balance test (YBT-UQ) is a functional screening tool used to detect musculoskeletal injury risk, aid rehabilitation, and monitor dynamic function,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The upper quarter y-balance test (YBT-UQ) is a functional screening tool used to detect musculoskeletal injury risk, aid rehabilitation, and monitor dynamic function, strength and control, yet little is currently known about intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence reach scores.
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review aimed to determine if age, sex, or interventions influenced reach scores and whether between-limb differences were common in non-injured sporting populations, with a secondary aim to identify if sport impacted YBT-UQ reach.
METHODS
Web of Science, PubMed, and SportDiscus were systematically searched from January 2012 to November 16, 2023, revealing twenty-three studies satisfying inclusion criteria of published in English between 2012 and 2023, healthy participants of any age including both males and females, athletic populations, YBT-UQ use to assess upper limb mobility/stability, report normalised reach scores, and peer-reviewed full-texts. Methodological quality was evaluated via National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tools for controlled interventions, observational cohort and cross-sectional designs, and pre-post with no control group.
RESULTS
Age, sex, sport, and fatigue were influencing factors; greater reach scores were achieved in older athletes (i.e. >18 years), males, and in a well-rested state. Between-limb differences were not common in sporting populations; therefore, asymmetries may be useful for practitioners to aid injury risk identification.
CONCLUSION
This is the first systematic review investigating YBT-UQ influencing factors and thereby provides context for clinicians regarding characteristics that impact reach scores in sporting populations, from which normative values could be determined and further aid clinical decisions or areas to improve regarding injury risk.
Topics: Humans; Upper Extremity; Postural Balance; Male; Age Factors; Sex Factors; Female; Athletic Injuries; Adult; Athletes; Muscle Strength; Fatigue; Sports
PubMed: 38876624
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.043 -
European Journal of Sport Science Jun 2024To assess the evidence for the effect of strength and conditioning on physical qualities and aesthetic competence in dance populations, three electronic databases... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
To assess the evidence for the effect of strength and conditioning on physical qualities and aesthetic competence in dance populations, three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus) were searched (until September 2022) for studies that met the following criteria: (i) dancers aged >16 years; (ii) structured strength and conditioning intervention; and (iii) with physical qualities and aesthetic competence as outcome measures. Methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies were assessed through the systematic review tool "QualSyst". Meta-analyses of effect sizes (Hedges' g) with forest plots explored the effects of the strength and conditioning interventions. Thirty-six studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Meta-analysis indicated strength and conditioning significantly (p < 0.05) improved lower body power (g = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.53-1.27), upper body strength (g = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.39-1.57), lower body strength (g = 1.59, 95% CI: 0.97-2.22), and flexibility (g = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.05-1.66). Strength and conditioning interventions were found to be effective at improving physical qualities in dancers, recommending their participation in additional sessions to enhance overall fitness and ultimately dance performance. It is recommended that future strength and conditioning intervention research should include sample size calculations, with participants recruited from a specific dance genre and skill level in order to evaluate how strength and conditioning influences dance performance.
Topics: Humans; Dancing; Muscle Strength; Resistance Training; Esthetics
PubMed: 38874993
DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12111