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Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Nov 2023Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) increases risk for morbidity and mortality. Food-based approaches offer one strategy to improve vitamin A status. This systematic review... (Review)
Review
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) increases risk for morbidity and mortality. Food-based approaches offer one strategy to improve vitamin A status. This systematic review assessed evidence of the effects of food-based approaches on the vitamin A status of women and children under 5 y. VAD was defined as clinical ocular symptoms, such as loss of vision, and/or retinol plasma or serum concentration <0.70 μmol/L. Searches on food-based approaches to improve vitamin A status were conducted for the period 2011-2022 on PubMed, CINHAL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using PRISMA guidelines. English-language publications were included. Case studies, unpublished dissertations, and non-peer-reviewed studies were excluded. This review comprises 24 of 27,322 identified studies; 23 included studies focused on provitamin A carotenoids. There were 17,214 participants across the 24 studies with sample sizes ranging from 8 to 3571 individuals. Intervention studies spanned from 3 wk to 2 y. Fifteen (63%) studies were randomized control trials, 7 were cross-sectional, and 2 were longitudinal studies. Most studies (N = 21) used biochemical measurements, for example, serum retinol, to assess vitamin A status; other studies used clinical symptoms (for example, xerophtalmia) or dietary intake. Thirteen (54%) studies reported a statistically significant effect of food-based interventions (N = 8) or an association of diet (N = 5) on vitamin A status. This systematic review indicated that some food-based interventions improved vitamin A status, thus offering a safe and effective delivery mechanism for vitamin A. There appeared to be significant association between vitamin A status and consumption of foods with high concentrations of preformed vitamin A and provitamin A carotenoids. Differences across studies in regard to the period of evaluation, food approaches used, and statistical power may explain the lack of effectiveness of food-based approaches on vitamin A status in some studies.
Topics: Child; Humans; Female; Vitamin A; Provitamins; Vitamin A Deficiency; Diet; Carotenoids
PubMed: 37634852
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.009 -
Nutrition Reviews Jun 2024It is important to understand the sensory acceptability of biofortified food products among target population groups if biofortification is to be realized as a...
CONTEXT
It is important to understand the sensory acceptability of biofortified food products among target population groups if biofortification is to be realized as a sustainable strategy for mitigation of micronutrient deficiencies, able to be scaled up and applied through programs.
OBJECTIVE
This systemic review aims to summarize and synthesize the sensory acceptability of conventionally bred iron-, zinc-, and provitamin A-biofortified food products.
DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE (PubMed), AGRICOLA, AgEcon, CABI Abstracts (Web of Science), and organizational websites (eg, those of HarvestPlus and CGIAR and their partners) were searched for relevant articles. No access to any market research that may have been internally conducted for the commercial biofortified food products was available.
DATA EXTRACTION
This review identified articles measuring the sensory acceptability of conventionally bred biofortified food products. Extraction of the hedonic ratings of food products was performed.
DATA ANALYSIS
An "Acceptability Index %" was defined based on hedonic scoring to determine an overall rating, and used to categorize biofortified food products as "acceptable" (≥70%) or "not acceptable" (<70%). Additionally, this review narratively synthesized studies using methods other than hedonic scoring for assessing sensory acceptability.
CONCLUSIONS
Forty-nine studies assessed the acceptability of 10 biofortified crops among children and adults, in mostly rural, low-income settings across Africa, Latin America, and India; food products made from mineral and provitamin A-biofortified food products were generally acceptable. Compared with studies on provitamin-A biofortified food products, few studies (1 to 2 each) on mineral-enhanced crops such as rice, cowpeas, lentils, and wheat were found, limiting the generalizability of the findings. Similarly, few studies examined stored biofortified food products. Few commercial food products have so far been developed, although new varieties of crops are being continuously tested and released globally. Certain crop varieties were found to be acceptable while others were not, suggesting that particular varieties should be prioritized for scale-up. Determining sensory acceptability of biofortified food products is important for informing programmatic scale-up and implementation across diverse populations and settings.
Topics: Humans; Food, Fortified; Biofortification; Zinc; Taste; Vitamin A; Consumer Behavior; Micronutrients; Food Preferences
PubMed: 37634146
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad100 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Nov 2023Accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage diminishes cellular health, increases risk of developmental and degenerative diseases, and accelerates aging.... (Review)
Review
Protective Effects of Micronutrient Supplements, Phytochemicals and Phytochemical-Rich Beverages and Foods Against DNA Damage in Humans: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Prospective Studies.
Accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage diminishes cellular health, increases risk of developmental and degenerative diseases, and accelerates aging. Optimizing nutrient intake can minimize accrual of DNA damage. The objectives of this review are to: 1) assemble and systematically analyze high-level evidence for the effect of supplementation with micronutrients and phytochemicals on baseline levels of DNA damage in humans, and 2) use this knowledge to identify which of these essential micronutrients or nonessential phytochemicals promote DNA integrity in vivo in humans. We conducted systematic literature searches of the PubMed database to identify interventional, prospective, cross-sectional, or in vitro studies that explored the association between nutrients and established biomarkers of DNA damage associated with developmental and degenerative disease risk. Biomarkers included lymphocyte chromosome aberrations, lymphocyte and buccal cell micronuclei, DNA methylation, lymphocyte/leukocyte DNA strand breaks, DNA oxidation, telomere length, telomerase activity, and mitochondrial DNA mutations. Only randomized, controlled interventions and uncontrolled longitudinal intervention studies conducted in humans were selected for evaluation and data extraction. These studies were ranked for the quality of their study design. In all, 96 of the 124 articles identified reported studies that achieved a quality assessment score ≥ 5 (from a maximum score of 7) and were included in the final review. Based on these studies, nutrients associated with protective effects included vitamin A and its precursor β-carotene, vitamins C, E, B1, B12, folate, minerals selenium and zinc, and phytochemicals such as curcumin (with piperine), lycopene, and proanthocyanidins. These findings highlight the importance of nutrients involved in (i) DNA metabolism and repair (folate, vitamin B, and zinc) and (ii) prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation (vitamins A, C, E, lycopene, curcumin, proanthocyanidins, selenium, and zinc). Supplementation with certain micronutrients and their combinations may reduce DNA damage and promote cellular health by improving the maintenance of genome integrity.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Selenium; Lycopene; Cross-Sectional Studies; Curcumin; Proanthocyanidins; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamins; Vitamin A; Micronutrients; Folic Acid; Zinc; Beverages; Phytochemicals; DNA; DNA Damage; Biomarkers; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37573943
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.004 -
Pediatric Dermatology 2023Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that has been insufficiently studied in the pediatric population. Timely and effective medical... (Review)
Review
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that has been insufficiently studied in the pediatric population. Timely and effective medical treatments may improve quality of life, mitigate disease burden, and prevent the need for invasive procedural interventions such as surgical excisions. However, there is a paucity of research on the efficacy of medical management strategies for HS in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the efficacy and safety of medical treatments for HS in patients <18 years of age. In April 2022, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for articles on the efficacy of medical treatments for HS in the pediatric population. Between 1984 and 2022, 35 articles (101 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Most patients had Hurley Stage II disease (46.7%, 35/75) followed by Stage I (36%, 27/75), and Stage III (17.3%, 13/75). 100% (23/23) of patients responded to antibiotics, 100% (8/8) to finasteride, 93.9% (31/33) to biologics, 80% (4/5) to oral retinoids, and 50% (6/12) to metformin. Overall, this study demonstrates that medical treatment regimens can improve HS symptoms in pediatric patients, but the extent of improvement is unclear, and the results were largely based on case reports or case series. Prospective studies are warranted to better understand the efficacy and safety of medical treatments for pediatric HS. Clinical trials of HS therapies need to be inclusive of pediatric patients to help define the optimal timing of treatment initiation and guide patient selection.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Quality of Life; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Retinoids; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 37525978
DOI: 10.1111/pde.15404 -
Current Pharmaceutical Design 2023In recent times, modifying dietary habits to control cardiovascular risk factors has gained significant attention. However, previous studies have yielded inconsistent... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
In recent times, modifying dietary habits to control cardiovascular risk factors has gained significant attention. However, previous studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the effects of lycopene and tomato consumption on cardiovascular risk factors.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of consuming lycopene and tomatoes on various cardiovascular risks factors such as lipid profile, glycemic control markers, blood pressure, inflammation, oxidative stress, and body weight.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was carried out using electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, up to November 2022 to identify eligible Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of lycopene and tomato consumption on cardiovascular risk factors. Heterogeneity tests of the selected trials were performed using the I statistic. Random effects models were assessed based on the heterogeneity tests, and pooled data were determined as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Out of 27,438 records initially identified, a total of 34 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that lycopene consumption was associated with a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating a potential benefit in reducing oxidative stress. However, lycopene and tomato consumption did not have significant effects on other cardiovascular risk factors such as triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), body weight, and body mass index (BMI).
CONCLUSION
Overall, the findings showed that lycopene and tomato consumption did not affect cardiovascular risk factors. However, lycopene supplementation may result in a significant improvement in MDA levels. With the view to confirming these results, further studies with long-term duration and different doses are needed.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Lycopene; Solanum lycopersicum; GRADE Approach; Cholesterol, LDL; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Body Weight; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37496241
DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230726112510 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Mar 2024Implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) can be performed using a variety of biological and synthetic meshes. However, there has yet to be a consensus on the optimal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) can be performed using a variety of biological and synthetic meshes. However, there has yet to be a consensus on the optimal mesh. This study investigates the safety and patient satisfaction of using TiLOOP® Bra in IBBR and compares its postoperative complication risk with that of porcine acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and SERAGYN® BR.
METHODS
The literature review was performed via PRISMA criteria, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria for the TiLOOP® Bra review, and 5 studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Patient characteristics and per-breast complications were collected. Data were analyzed using Cochrane RevMan and IBM SPSS.
RESULTS
In 3175 breasts of 2685 patients that underwent IBBR using TiLOOP® Bra, rippling was observed as the most common complication, followed by seroma and capsular contracture. No significant difference in the overall complication rate between pre- and sub-pectoral IBBR using TiLOOP® Bra. However, the meta-analysis showed that the TiLOOP® Bra group had significantly lower odds of implant loss, seroma, wound dehiscence, and the need for reoperation or hospitalization than the ADM group. Additionally, the TiLOOP® Bra group had a significantly lower seroma rate compared to the SERAGYN® BR group, while the other outcome indicators were similar between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
TiLOOP® Bra has become increasingly popular in IBBR in recent years. This review and meta-analysis support the favorable safety profile of TiLOOP® Bra reported in the current literature. The meta-analysis revealed that TiLOOP® Bra has better safety than ADM and a comparable risk of complications compared to SERAGYN® BR. However, as most studies had low levels of evidence, further investigations are necessary.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Acellular Dermis; Breast Implantation; Breast Implants; Breast Neoplasms; Mammaplasty; Polypropylenes; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Seroma; Surgical Mesh; Swine; Titanium; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37464216
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03500-1 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2023Polyvinyl ether siloxane (PVES) possesses ideal characteristics for making precise and accurate dental impressions. PVES dimensional stability owes to its better... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Polyvinyl ether siloxane (PVES) possesses ideal characteristics for making precise and accurate dental impressions. PVES dimensional stability owes to its better polymeric properties derived from its parent materials poly ethers and polyvinyl siloxanes. As recommended use of chemical disinfecting agents is getting more popular, there is a growing concern associated with the effect of disinfectants on PVES dimensional stability. This study was aimed to understand the PVES behavior when subjected to chemical disinfectants.
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
The data was collected from research studies retrieved from Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed using MeSH terms of keywords "vinyl polyether siloxane AND Disinfection" or (Vinyl polyether siloxane OR polyvinyl siloxane ether OR PVES) AND (disinfectant OR disinfection)" without any restriction to publication date. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis) directions were observed during the data collection, screening of studies, and meta-analysis. The primary data were retrieved, and batch exported from databases using Harzing's Publish or Perish software; primary analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel, while statistical analysis for effect size, two-tailed p-values, and heterogeneity among studies was performed using Meta Essentials. The effect size was calculated using Hedge's g values at the 95% confidence level using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity among studies was measured using the Cochrane Q and I.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Dental impressions made from the PVES elastomeric impression materials showed no significant changes in dimensional stability. Immersion in the chemical disinfectant for 10 min was associated with clinically irrelevant changes in the dimensions of the PVES impressions. Disinfection with sodium hypochlorite was associated with clinically significant changes in dimensions, with a two-tailed p-value of 0.049. Disinfection with 2-2.5% glutaraldehyde solution was not associated with any significant dimensional variability.
Topics: Humans; Disinfectants; Disinfection; Ether; Ethers; Ethyl Ethers; Polyvinyls; Siloxanes
PubMed: 37430254
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03168-8 -
Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology Sep 2023Acne vulgaris is a very prevalent dermatological condition, especially among adolescents and young adults up to 25 years old, classifying it as juvenile acne. One of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Acne vulgaris is a very prevalent dermatological condition, especially among adolescents and young adults up to 25 years old, classifying it as juvenile acne. One of the most effective treatments for severe acne is isotretinoin, a derivative of retinoic acid. Despite its high efficacy, this drug has been linked to several side effects including psychiatric adverse alterations, such as anxiety, depression and even suicide. With this systematic review we aim to determine if it is possible to establish a causal relation between oral isotretinoin in the treatment of juvenile acne and the appearance of psychiatric adverse effects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We searched two distinct databases, PubMed and Web of Science, and considered the work published between January 2000 and November 2021.
RESULTS
Out of the 599 identified articles, we included 19 studies in this systematic review. Globally, the results we found do not support an association between the use of isotretinoin for acne treatment and mental side effects and the safety of this drug appears to be assured. However, the individual characteristics of each adolescent and their environment should be considered; the personal and family history of mental disorders are pointed out as red flags we should look out for when treating these patients.
CONCLUSION
Despite this being a highly debated topic, especially among the dermatology community, more studies with larger populations and randomised controlled trials are necessary to increase the strength of the evidence presented.
Topics: Adolescent; Young Adult; Humans; Isotretinoin; Acne Vulgaris; Anxiety; Treatment Outcome; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Dermatologic Agents
PubMed: 37343232
DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2227889 -
European Review For Medical and... Jun 2023Recently, nutraceuticals have been widely explored in many medical fields and their use is also increasing in oral and dental problems. Since the nutraceutical evidence... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Recently, nutraceuticals have been widely explored in many medical fields and their use is also increasing in oral and dental problems. Since the nutraceutical evidence landscape in the literature has not been fully elucidated yet, this review aims to examine the effects of commercially available nutraceuticals and their potential evidence and applications in dentistry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A scoping review was conducted following the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR)" checklist. The electronic search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science on March 2022. The inclusion criteria include humans, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials (RCT), reviews, and systematic reviews published over the last ten years.
RESULTS
18 studies met the eligibility criteria. There were 2 RCTs, 11 systematic reviews, and four narrative reviews. In most studies, the clinical indications were oral leucoplakia, periodontitis, osseointegration of implants, oral mucositis, oral clefts, and oral health. Probiotics, prebiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins A, B, C, D, and E were the most common nutraceuticals used in dentistry.
CONCLUSIONS
Nutraceuticals are foods that, according to the literature, may be useful for preventing and treating dental diseases.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins; Osseointegration; Vitamin A; Dentistry
PubMed: 37318464
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202306_32607 -
International Health Nov 2023Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) during pregnancy is a public health challenge in low-income countries. There are inconsistent findings that can affect policy in planning... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) during pregnancy is a public health challenge in low-income countries. There are inconsistent findings that can affect policy in planning appropriate intervention. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize the evidence in order to identify existing gaps and propose strategies to reduce VAD during pregnancy in Ethiopia.
METHODS
This study included published and unpublished observational studies searched from different databases (PubMed, CINHAL [EBSCO], Embase, Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals, Web of Sciences, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Google Search and MedNar). Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata version 14 software. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Forest plots were used to present the pooled prevalence using the random effects model.
RESULTS
A total of 37 618 pregnant women from 15 studies were included. The overall pooled prevalence of VAD was 29% (95% confidence interval 21 to 36) with I2=99.67% and p<0.001. Socio-economic and sociodemographic factors were identified as affecting vitamin A deficiencies among pregnant women.
CONCLUSIONS
Nearly one-third of pregnant women in Ethiopia had VAD. Strengthening intervention modalities that aimed to increase the uptake of vitamin A-rich foods can avert VAD among pregnant women in Ethiopia.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Pregnant Women; Vitamin A Deficiency; Ethiopia; Vitamin A; Prevalence; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 37264928
DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad038