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Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Jun 2024The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate musculoskeletal changes in response to prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics supplementation in older adults or in...
The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate musculoskeletal changes in response to prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics supplementation in older adults or in animal models of aging musculoskeletal disorders. A comprehensive search was conducted on electronic databases, including PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, and Web of Science until April 2024. The quality assessment of clinical trials was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and for animal studies, the SYRCLE's tool was used. Our literature search resulted in 652 studies. After removing duplicates and screening the articles based on their titles and abstracts, we assessed the full text of 112 articles, which yielded 20 clinical trials and 30 animal studies in our systematic review. Most of human and animal studies reported an improvement in physical performance, a decrease in frailty index, and a lower reduction in bone mineral density in the intervention groups. Body composition tends to increase in muscle ratio, muscle mass, and reduce in appendicular lean mass and muscle atrophy. Also, the intervention induced bone turnover and mineral absorption, significantly increasing Ca, P, and Mg absorption and short-chain fatty acid concentration. Additionally, levels of inflammatory markers such as IL1, IL6, IL17, T helper 17, and TNF-α exhibited a decreasing trend, while an increase in IL10 and IFN-γ was observed. Prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics supplementations could effectively improve the physical performance and muscle strength and reduce the risk of bone loss and frailty in the elderly.
PubMed: 38907826
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10306-3 -
Urolithiasis Jun 2024Urolithiasis is a common disease that affects approximately one-fifth of the global population. This systematic review explores the predictive role of inflammatory... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Urolithiasis is a common disease that affects approximately one-fifth of the global population. This systematic review explores the predictive role of inflammatory markers for the spontaneous passage of ureteral stones. The literature was systematically searched via Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Science Direct, CINAHL, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases to identify papers published until 2023. Overall, 26 articles were identified, of which 10 were excluded. The remaining 16 papers reported 2,695 patients (1,723 males and 972 females), with 1,654 (61.37%) experiencing spontaneous stone passage (SSP) and 1,041 (38.63%) not experiencing it (non-SSP). Stones located in the upper part of the ureter were less likely to pass spontaneously (152/959, 15.94% in the SSP group vs. 180/546, 32.48% in the non-SSP group; p < 0.001). Mid-ureteral stones were present in 180/959 (18.75%) of the SSP group compared to 84/546 (14.52%) of the non-SSP group (p = 0.0974). Lower ureteral stones were more likely to pass spontaneously, with 627/959 (63.31%) in the SSP group compared to 282/546 (49.36%) in the non-SSP group (p < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between most inflammatory markers and SSP (p > 0.05). However, procalcitonin levels were lower in the SSP group compared to the non-SSP group (132.7 ± 28.1 vs. 207 ± 145.1, respectively) (p < 0.001). This systematic review has revealed that except procalcitonin, most inflammatory markers do not offer significant predictive capability for ureteral SSP.
Topics: Humans; Ureteral Calculi; Biomarkers; Predictive Value of Tests; Remission, Spontaneous; Inflammation
PubMed: 38907797
DOI: 10.1007/s00240-024-01590-3 -
Current Pain and Headache Reports Jun 2024Chronic headaches are a significant source of disability worldwide. Despite the development of conventional strategies, a subset of patients remain refractory and/or... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Chronic headaches are a significant source of disability worldwide. Despite the development of conventional strategies, a subset of patients remain refractory and/or experience side effects following these treatments. Hence, occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) should be considered as an alternative strategy for intractable chronic headaches. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effectiveness, safety, mechanisms and practical application of ONS for the treatment of headache disorders.
RECENT FINDINGS
Overall response rate of ONS is 35.7-100%, 17-100%, and 63-100% in patients with cluster headache, chronic migraine and occipital neuralgia respectively. Regarding the long-term effectivity in all groups, 41.6-88.0% of patients remain responders after ≥ 18.3 months. The most frequently reported adverse events include lead migration/fracture (13%) and local pain (7.3%). Based on our results, ONS can be considered a safe and effective treatment for chronic intractable headache disorders. To support more widespread application of ONS, additional research with larger sample sizes should be conducted.
PubMed: 38907793
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01271-1 -
Vaccine Jun 2024Before the global mpox outbreak which began in 2022, the real-world vaccine effectiveness (VE) of mpox vaccines was unknown. We quantified the VE in the global... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Before the global mpox outbreak which began in 2022, the real-world vaccine effectiveness (VE) of mpox vaccines was unknown. We quantified the VE in the global population of 3rd generation or later mpox vaccines (MVA-BN, LC16m8, OrthopoxVac) compared with unvaccinated or other vaccinated states for infection, hospitalization and death. VE was stratified by 1-dose and 2-doses and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
METHODS
Studies were included if they measured vaccine efficacy or effectiveness in humans. Animal studies and immunogenicity studies were excluded. MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, MedRxiv and grey literature were searched from January 1st, 1970, with the last search run on November 3, 2023 (Prospero, CRD42022345240). Risk of publication bias was assessed via funnel plots and Egger's test, and study quality via Newcastle-Ottawa scales.
RESULTS
A total of 11,892 records were identified via primary search, 3,223 via citation chasing. Thirty-three studies were identified of 3rd generation vaccines, 32 of which were MVA-BN. Two additional studies were re-analysis of existing data. Most of these studies were focused on gay, bisexual, or other men who have sex with men between the ages of 18-49 in May to October of 2022. VE of 1 dose of MVA-BN was 76% (95%CI 64-88%) from twelve studies. VE of 2 doses was 82% (95%CI 72-92%) from six studies. VE of MVA-BN PEP against mpox was 20% (95%CI -24-65%) from seven studies. All VE are calculated from random effects estimates. 18/33(55%) studies were rated as poor, 3/33(9%) as fair and 12/33(36%) as good. Studies included in the meta-analysis had higher quality: 11/16 (69%) were rated as good quality.
CONCLUSION
Both 1 and 2 doses of MVA-BN are highly effective at preventing mpox. Effectiveness estimates, specifically of PEP are limited by immortal time bias, predominant mode of mpox transmission, and real-world vaccine timing of administration.
PubMed: 38906763
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.021 -
Journal of Dentistry Jun 2024This qualitative systematic review and meta-aggregation aimed to synthesise evidence regarding perceptions of patients, practitioners, and stakeholders on the use of... (Review)
Review
Perspectives of patients, dental professionals, and stakeholders on the use of silver diamine fluoride for the management of dental caries: A qualitative systematic review.
OBJECTIVES
This qualitative systematic review and meta-aggregation aimed to synthesise evidence regarding perceptions of patients, practitioners, and stakeholders on the use of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) for the management of dental caries.
DATA
This review was reported in alignment with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023390301) and the Joanna Briggs Systematic Reviews register.
SOURCES
References were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE using a pre-established search strategy.
STUDY SELECTION
Qualitative and mixed-methods studies examining perspectives of patients, practitioners, and/or stakeholders on the use of SDF were included. The initial search identified 650 articles eligible for inclusion, out of which 14 articles were included in the review. Reviewers synthesised findings and generated 11 distinct categories grouped into three synthesised findings: 1) Clinical use; 2) Staining; 3) Facilitators and barriers.
CONCLUSIONS
Practitioners and patients viewed SDF as a therapeutic option with multiple benefits. While aesthetic concerns may be a barrier to some groups, the acceptance of the treatment was influenced by other factors, such as trusting professional advice.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Patient education is key for increased SDF acceptance. This systematic review can assist clinicians in addressing concerns regarding SDF therapy. Findings have the potential to inform policy decisions that address oral health inequities through patient-centred health care models.
PubMed: 38906452
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105145 -
The Journal of Infection Jun 2024Contact investigations with drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB) patients have demonstrated a high prevalence of tuberculosis infection (TBI). However, the prevalence...
INTRODUCTION
Contact investigations with drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB) patients have demonstrated a high prevalence of tuberculosis infection (TBI). However, the prevalence of TBI among individuals in close contact with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients is poorly understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of TBI among household and non-household contacts of DR-TB patients.
METHOD AND ANALYSIS
We searched five databases (Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)) from inception to 2 June 2023. All studies that reported the prevalence of TBI among DR-TB contacts were included in the study. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of TBI with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Sub-group analyses were conducted using study characteristics as covariates.
RESULTS
Thirty studies involving 7659 study participants from 19 countries were included. The pooled prevalence of TBI among DR-TB contacts was 36.52% (95% CI: 30.27-42.77). The sub-group analysis showed considerable heterogeneity in the estimates, with the highest prevalence reported in Southeast Asia (80.74%; 95% CI: 74.09-87.39), household contacts (38.60%; 95% CI: 30.07-47.14), lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) (54.72; 95% CI: 35.90, 73.55), children (43.27%; 95% CI: 25.50, 61.04), and studies conducted between 2004 and 2012 (45.10; 95% CI: 32.44, 57.76).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of TBI among DR-TB contacts was high, with substantial regional variations. Further research is needed to determine the drug susceptibility status of TBI in DR-TB contacts.
PROTOCOL REGISTRATION
The protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023390339).
PubMed: 38906264
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106198 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Jun 2024Individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) face impaired cardiorespiratory fitness and glycemic control, increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications....
BACKGROUND
Individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) face impaired cardiorespiratory fitness and glycemic control, increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a promising exercise modality with potential benefits for both aspects in this population.
OBJECTIVES
The primary aim was to investigate the effects of HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness and glycemic parameters in patients with T1DM. The secondary aim was to examine the most effective HIIT protocol for cardiorespiratory fitness and glycemic parameters in patients with T1DM.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Two major electronic databases (Web of Science and PubMed) were searched up to February 2024.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES
Randomized and non-randomized trials involving adult patients with T1DM, free of complications and other diseases examining the effects of HIIT (HIIT pre vs. post; HIIT vs. control group or HIIT vs. moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT)) on cardiorespiratory fitness and glycemic parameters were included.
RESULTS
A total of ten studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed a significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness following HIIT interventions (pre vs. post) in patients with T1DM (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.16 to 1, p = 0.01). Furthermore, HIIT (pre vs. post) was associated with significant improvements in 24-h mean glucose control (SMD = - 0.44, 95% CI = - 0.81 to - 0.06, p = 0.02), but the results (pre vs. post) failed to identify significant improvements in fasting glucose (SMD = - 0.26, 95% CI = - 0.78 to 0.24, p = 0.3) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) values (SMD = - 0.28, 95% CI = - 0.61 to 0.05, p = 0.1). However, in comparison with a control group, HIIT showed significantly favorable effects on HbA1C (SMD = - 0.74, 95% CI = - 1.35 to - 0.14, p = 0.02). Finally, the meta-regression analysis did not find any moderating effect of any HIIT characteristics (i.e., intervention duration, session duration, work time, rest time, number of bouts, and intensity) on cardiorespiratory fitness and glycemic parameters.
CONCLUSION
Our systematic review and meta-analysis show that T1DM patients who performed a HIIT intervention significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness and reduced their 24-h mean glucose levels, but not their HbA1C and fasting glucose. These findings support the application of HIIT interventions in T1DM patients. However, the guidelines for the most effective protocol remain unclear; hence, future studies are needed.
PubMed: 38904921
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02059-4 -
The American Journal of Drug and... Jun 2024Given the accumulating research, evolving psychosocial treatment, and equivocal findings, updating WHO's Mental Health Gap Action Programme-2015 was necessary to ensure...
Given the accumulating research, evolving psychosocial treatment, and equivocal findings, updating WHO's Mental Health Gap Action Programme-2015 was necessary to ensure guidelines reflect effective strategies for alcohol use disorder (AUD). To estimate the effects of psychosocial interventions on drinking and related outcomes. We included randomized controlled trials published between January 2015 and June 2022 on adults with alcohol dependence (ICD 10/DSM-IV) and moderate to severe AUD (DSM-5), and those examined psychosocial interventions against treatment-as-usual (TAU) and active controls. Eight databases and registries were searched. Relative Risk (RR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used for dichotomous and continuous outcomes. We used Cochrane's risk of bias assessment (RoB2). Of 873 screened records, 14 and 13 studies in the narrative synthesis and meta-analysis. Of the 2,575 participants, 71.5% were men. Thirteen studies used ICD 10/DSM IV diagnosis. Compared to TAU, any psychosocial intervention increased the relative risk of abstinence by 28% [ = 7, RR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.53, = .01, NNT = 9]. There were minimal heterogeneity and no evidence of publication bias. Psychosocial interventions were not effective in reducing the drinking frequency ( = 2, Hedge's g = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.46 to 0.26, = .57) and drinks/drinking days ( = 5, g = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.37 to 0.16, = .43). Treatment discontinuation did not differ between intervention and control groups [RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.66 to 1.80]. Psychosocial interventions are effective in improving abstinence but not in reducing drinking frequency or amount. Policymakers must consider this evidence to generate AUD treatment guidelines. PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022342608.
PubMed: 38904466
DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2350056 -
Journal of the American Heart... Jul 2024In pulmonary arterial hypertension, it is recommended to base therapeutic decisions on risk stratification. This systematic review aims to report the prognostic value of...
BACKGROUND
In pulmonary arterial hypertension, it is recommended to base therapeutic decisions on risk stratification. This systematic review aims to report the prognostic value of serial risk stratification in adult and pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension and to explore the usability of serial risk stratification as treatment target.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to January 30, 2023, using terms associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension, pediatric pulmonary hypertension, and risk stratification. Observational studies and clinical trials describing risk stratification at both baseline and follow-up were included. Sixty five studies were eligible for inclusion, including only 2 studies in a pediatric population. C-statistic range at baseline was 0.31 to 0.77 and improved to 0.30 to 0.91 at follow-up. In 53% of patients, risk status changed (42% improved, 12% worsened) over 168 days (interquartile range, 137-327 days; n=22 studies). The average proportion of low-risk patients increased from 18% at baseline to 36% at a median follow-up of 244 days (interquartile range, 140-365 days; n=40 studies). In placebo-controlled drug studies, risk statuses of the intervention groups improved more and worsened less compared with the placebo groups. Furthermore, a low-risk status, but also an improved risk status, at follow-up was associated with a better outcome. Similar results were found in the 2 pediatric studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Follow-up risk stratification has improved prognostic value compared with baseline risk stratification, and change in risk status between baseline and follow-up corresponded to a change in survival. These data support the use of serial risk stratification as treatment target in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Topics: Humans; Risk Assessment; Prognosis; Child; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Adult; Risk Factors; Antihypertensive Agents
PubMed: 38904230
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.123.034151 -
Clinical Transplantation and Research Jun 2024Tixagevimab/cilgavimab (Tix/Cil) shows promise as a prophylactic treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). This...
BACKGROUND
Tixagevimab/cilgavimab (Tix/Cil) shows promise as a prophylactic treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs). This study was performed to assess the effectiveness of Tix/Cil for preexposure prophylaxis against COVID-19 in this population.
METHODS
We systematically searched the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases to identify articles relevant to our study up to December 15, 2023. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (ver. 3.0) was used for data analysis.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis included seven eligible retrospective studies, encompassing a total of 4,026 SOTRs. The analysis revealed significant differences in SOTRs who received Tix/Cil preexposure prophylaxis relative to those who did not. Specifically, these differences were observed in the incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (odds ratio [OR], 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.60), hospitalization (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08-0.70), and intensive care unit admission (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02-0.22). However, mortality rate did not differ significantly between the two groups (P=0.06).
CONCLUSIONS
The evidence supporting the effectiveness of Tix/Cil as preexposure prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 in SOTRs is of a low to moderate level. Further high-quality research is necessary to understand its effects on this population.
PubMed: 38904088
DOI: 10.4285/ctr.24.0015