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Oral Diseases Oct 2023The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and proportions of antibiotic-resistant species in periodontitis patients. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and proportions of antibiotic-resistant species in periodontitis patients.
METHODS
A systematic scoping review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted using the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews involving different databases. MeSH terms and keywords were provided to examine only RCTs with antibiotic-resistant results that included at least 3 months of follow-up of systematically healthy patients diagnosed with periodontitis and treated with systemic or local antibiotics adjunctive to subgingival debridement. RCTs that managed participants surgically, duplicate publications, and investigations implemented on animals were discarded.
RESULTS
Six RCTs were chosen. These studies included 465 patients. Most investigations observed that while Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis had low resistance to amoxicillin, microorganisms in many sites showed resistance to tetracycline, metronidazole, and azithromycin pretreatment. A. actinomycetemcomitans showed high resistance to tetracycline pre- and post-therapy. The proportion of antibiotic-resistant samples augmented rapidly after the prescription of antibiotics in all test groups. The percentage of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms decreased over time; at the end of the follow-up period, resistance levels were close to baseline levels.
CONCLUSIONS
Adjunctive local and systemic antibiotic treatment temporarily increased the antibiotic resistance of subgingival microorganisms; nonetheless, many bacteria remained susceptible to antibiotics during their administration.
Topics: Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Periodontitis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Tetracycline; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
PubMed: 35735133
DOI: 10.1111/odi.14288 -
The Journal of Evidence-based Dental... Jun 2022Joshi, Chaitanya; Bapat, Ranjeet; Anderson, William; Joshi, Chaitanya; Bapat, Ranjeet; Anderson, William; Dawson, Dana; Hijazi, Karolin; Cherukara, George (2021).... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Joshi, Chaitanya; Bapat, Ranjeet; Anderson, William; Joshi, Chaitanya; Bapat, Ranjeet; Anderson, William; Dawson, Dana; Hijazi, Karolin; Cherukara, George (2021). "Detection of periodontal microorganisms in coronary atheromatous plaque specimens of myocardial infarction patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine 31(1): 69-82.
SOURCE OF FUNDING
None.
TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN
Systematic review with meta-analysis of data.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Dental Care; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Mouth; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35718428
DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101718 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2022Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease triggered by the infection of the periodontal sulcus by microbes. Together with the abundant eubacterial microbiota, at least... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease triggered by the infection of the periodontal sulcus by microbes. Together with the abundant eubacterial microbiota, at least two parasites have often been identified: the amoeba Entamoeba gingivalis and the flagellate Trichomonas tenax. The role of these protists in the pathophysiology of periodontal disease remains to be deciphered. A high diversity in their measured prevalence, mainly due to methodological concerns, prevents further analysis of the aetiological link between these parasites and periodontitis.
METHODS
To determine E. gingivalis and T. tenax prevalence in periodontal pockets as compared to healthy sulci, we have conducted a systematic review, searching 3 remote databases (Pubmed, LILACS, and Google Scholar), restricting to papers in which the diagnostic of the parasite was made using molecular methods. A total of 5 studies for E. gingivalis and 2 studies for T. tenax were included for the meta-analysis.
RESULTS
In the periodontal pockets, the prevalence of parasites is 76.9% (95%-CI: 71.5-81.7%) for E. gingivalis and 38.6% (95%-CI: 27.2-50.0%) for T. tenax . Both parasites are more abundant in periodontal pockets as compared to healthy sulci, with a risk ratio of 3.96 (95%-CI: 1.57-9.98) for E. gingivalis and 21.82 (95%-CI: 6.71-70.96) for T. tenax . The two subtypes of E. gingivalis exhibited the same risk ratio: 3.30 (95%-CI: 1.27-8.55) for ST1 and 3.30 (95%-CI: 0.42-26.03) for ST2, but ST1 was more prevalent (70.6%, 95%-CI: 65.0-76.2%) than ST2 (43.9%, 95%-CI: 35.5-52.4%) in periodontal pockets.
CONCLUSION
Altogether, the data show that parasites are more prevalent in the diseased than in the healthy. However, the differences in prevalence between species and subtypes call for more studies to be able to conclude about their individual contributions in the pathophysiology of periodontal diseases. The heterogeneity in prevalence estimation should be investigated further, in particular to make out biological from methodological heterogeneity.
Topics: Animals; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; Parasites; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Trichomonas Infections
PubMed: 35612794
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_5 -
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue... Apr 2022Does the Oral Microbiome Influence Carcinogenic Changes of the Esophagus? - A Systematic Review The oral microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining a physiological...
Does the Oral Microbiome Influence Carcinogenic Changes of the Esophagus? - A Systematic Review The oral microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining a physiological oral and esophageal environment, but possibly also in the development and progression of diseases, such as esophageal cancer. However, the underlying mechanism for this correlation is not understood. Esophageal carcinomas harbor a high malignancy and show a high incidence - worldwide they are the sixth most common cause of carcinoma-related death. The aim of this review was to find out to what extent the oral microbiome can be used as a marker for early detection of esophageal cancer. A systematic literature search was performed in the ®, ® and ® databases. A total of eight studies were included in the review. These showed a correlation between oral dysbiosis and increased esophageal cancer risk, i.e., increased (i.e., genera , , ) or decreased (i.e., genera , ) relative abundances of various bacteria were associated with higher risk. However, the results of the studies were very heterogeneous. A correlation between carcinogenic changes of the esophagus and changes in the oral microbiome is evident. However, further studies are needed to clarify the possible causal role of the oral microbiota in carcinogenesis.
Topics: Carcinogenesis; Carcinogens; Early Detection of Cancer; Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Microbiota
PubMed: 35440197
DOI: 10.1024/0040-5930/a001343 -
British Journal of Cancer May 2022Substantial evidence indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbial community is associated with colorectal neoplasia. This review aims to systematically summarise the...
BACKGROUND
Substantial evidence indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbial community is associated with colorectal neoplasia. This review aims to systematically summarise the microbial markers associated with colorectal neoplasia and to assess their predictive performance.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed to identify eligible studies. Observational studies exploring the associations between microbial biomarkers and colorectal neoplasia were included. We also included prediction studies that constructed models using microbial markers to predict CRC and adenomas. Risk of bias for included observational and prediction studies was assessed.
RESULTS
Forty-five studies were included to assess the associations between microbial markers and colorectal neoplasia. Nine faecal microbiotas (i.e., Fusobacterium, Enterococcus, Porphyromonas, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Peptostreptococcus, Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium and Roseburia), two oral pathogens (i.e., Treponema denticola and Prevotella intermedia) and serum antibody levels response to Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus were found to be consistently associated with colorectal neoplasia. Thirty studies reported prediction models using microbial markers, and 83.3% of these models had acceptable-to-good discrimination (AUROC > 0.75). The results of predictive performance were promising, but most of the studies were limited to small number of cases (range: 9-485 cases) and lack of independent external validation (76.7%).
CONCLUSIONS
This review provides insight into the evidence supporting the association between different types of microbial species and their predictive value for colorectal neoplasia. Prediction models developed from case-control studies require further external validation in high-quality prospective studies. Further studies should assess the feasibility and impact of incorporating microbial biomarkers in CRC screening programme.
Topics: Adenoma; Biomarkers; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dysbiosis; Humans; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35292756
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01740-7 -
Microorganisms Dec 2021The relation between the gut microbiota and human health is increasingly recognized. Recently, some evidence suggested that dysbiosis of the oral microbiota may be... (Review)
Review
The relation between the gut microbiota and human health is increasingly recognized. Recently, some evidence suggested that dysbiosis of the oral microbiota may be involved in the development of digestive cancers. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines to investigate the association between the oral microbiota and digestive cancers. Several databases including Medline, Scopus, and Embase were searched by three independent reviewers, without date restriction. Over a total of 1654 records initially identified, 28 studies (2 prospective cohort studies and 26 case-controls) were selected. They investigated oral microbiota composition in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( = 5), gastric cancer ( = 5), colorectal cancer ( = 9), liver carcinoma ( = 2), and pancreatic cancer ( = 7). In most of the studies, oral microbiota composition was found to be different between digestive cancer patients and controls. Particularly, oral microbiota dysbiosis and specific bacteria, such as and , appeared to be associated with colorectal cancers. Current evidence suggests that differences exist in oral microbiota composition between patients with and without digestive cancers. Further studies are required to investigate and validate oral-gut microbial transmission patterns and their role in digestive cancer carcinogenesis.
PubMed: 34946186
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122585 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports 2021Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that accounts for more than 50% of all dementia cases worldwide. There is wide consensus on the risk...
BACKGROUND
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that accounts for more than 50% of all dementia cases worldwide. There is wide consensus on the risk factors of AD; however, a clear etiology remains unknown. Evidence suggests that the inflammatory-mediated disease model, such as that found with periodontal disease due to (), plays a role in AD progression.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to systematically review the literature on the association between to AD, and to identify the homogeneity of the methods used across studies to measure involvement in AD.
METHODS
We systematically searched studies on Cochrane library, Ovid Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, WHOLIS, Google Scholar databases, and reference lists of identified studies.
RESULTS
6 studies out of 636 identified records fulfilled all eligibility criteria. Results showed no clear pathophysiology of AD due to and its various virulence factors. No consensus was found in the literature pertaining to the method of measurement of AD or and its virulence factors.
CONCLUSION
The included studies suggest that bacteria play a role in the process of systemic inflammation which leads to cerebrospinal fluid inflammation and indirectly cause hastening of AD onset and progression. Our included studies revealed heterogeneity in the methodologies of measurement of AD and/or and its virulence factors, which opens discussion about the benefits and weakness of possible standardization.
PubMed: 34755046
DOI: 10.3233/ADR-200237 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021The development of periodontitis is associated with an imbalanced subgingival microbial community enriched with species such as the traditionally classified red-complex... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The development of periodontitis is associated with an imbalanced subgingival microbial community enriched with species such as the traditionally classified red-complex bacteria (, , and ). Saliva has been suggested as an alternative to subgingival plaque for the microbial analysis due to its easy and non-invasive collection. This systematic review aims to determine whether the levels of red-complex bacteria assessed using saliva reflect those in subgingival plaque from periodontitis patients. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to April 30, 2021. Studies were considered eligible if microbial data of at least one of the red-complex species were reported in both saliva and subgingival plaque from periodontitis patients, based on DNA-based methods. Of the 17 included studies, 4 studies used 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques, and the rest used PCR-based approaches. The detection frequency of each red-complex species in periodontitis patients was reported to be > 60% in most studies, irrespective of samples types. Meta-analyses revealed that both detection frequencies and relative abundances of red-complex bacteria in saliva were significantly lower than those in subgingival plaque. Moreover, the relative abundances of all 3 bacterial species in saliva showed significantly positive correlation with those in subgingival plaque. In conclusion, current evidence suggests that one-time saliva sampling cannot replace subgingival plaque for microbial analysis of the red-complex bacteria in periodontitis patients. Given the positive microbial associations between saliva and subgingival plaque, a thorough review of longitudinal clinical studies is needed to further assess the role of saliva.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Humans; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Treponema denticola
PubMed: 34692561
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.727732 -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Dec 2021The present systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the strength of a reported association between elevated serum anti-periodontal bacterial antibody responses and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
The present systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the strength of a reported association between elevated serum anti-periodontal bacterial antibody responses and coronary heart disease (CHD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty original studies were identified after systematically searching five databases. The majority (n = 11) compared serum anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and/or anti-Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) IgG antibody responses between CHD patients and control participants. The strength of the association between serum anti-Pg antibodies and CHD (n = 10) and serum anti-Aa antibodies and CHD (n = 6) was investigated using a meta-analysis approach separately.
RESULTS
Most studies (61%) reported that the serum IgG antibody responses were elevated in CHD patients than in controls. The meta-analyses showed a significant association between elevated serum IgG antibody responses (anti-Pg and anti-Aa) and CHD, with pooled odds ratios of 1.23 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-1.38, p = .001] and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.04-1.47, p = .0004), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
A modest increase of CHD events in individuals with higher serum anti-Pg and anti-Aa IgG antibody responses may support their use as potential biomarkers to detect and monitor at-risk populations. However, the observed inconsistencies with the design and interpretation of immunoassays warrant standardization of the immunoassays assessing antibody responses against periodontal bacteria.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibody Formation; Coronary Disease; Humans; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 34545592
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13550 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2021The hypothesis of an infectious connection from the oro-pharyngeal sphere to the brain underlines the interest in analyzing the link between periodontal disease and... (Review)
Review
The hypothesis of an infectious connection from the oro-pharyngeal sphere to the brain underlines the interest in analyzing the link between periodontal disease and Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the link between Alzheimer's disease and periodontal disease in patients aged 65 and over. Databases (PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Library, and Embase) were analyzed for relevant references up to 21 June 2021. The authors independently selected the studies and extracted the data. The quality of included studies was checked using the National Institutes of Health's quality assessment tools. Five studies were included. The selected studies described in their results an increase in in Alzheimer's disease patients (adjusted = 0.02), and its incidence was linked to and (adjusted HR = 1.22 (1.04-1.43), = 0.012) as well as (crude HR = 2.0 (1.1-3.8)). The presence of periodontitis at baseline was associated with a six-fold increase in the rate of cognitive decline over a 6-month follow-up period (ADAS-Cog mean change = 2.9 ± 6.6). The current review suggests an association between periodontal disease and Alzheimer's disease. The treatment of periodontal disease could be a way to explore Alzheimer's disease prevention.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Cognitive Dysfunction; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis
PubMed: 34501899
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179312