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The American Journal of Chinese Medicine Jun 2024has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 1700 years. This plant is known for its heat-clearing, damp-drying, insecticidal, and diuretic properties....
has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 1700 years. This plant is known for its heat-clearing, damp-drying, insecticidal, and diuretic properties. Phytochemical research has identified prenylated flavonoids as a unique class of bioactive compounds in . Recent pharmacological studies reveal that the prenylated flavonoids from (PFS) exhibit potent antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and glycolipid metabolism-regulating activities, offering significant therapeutic benefits for various diseases. However, the pharmacokinetics and toxicological profiles of PFS have not been systematically studied. Despite the diverse biological effects of prenylated flavonoid compounds against similar diseases, their structure-activity relationship is not yet fully understood. This review aims to summarize the latest findings regarding the chemical composition, drug metabolism, pharmacological properties, toxicity, and structure-activity relationship of prenylated flavonoids from . It seeks to highlight their potential for clinical use and suggest directions for future related studies.
PubMed: 38864547
DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X24500447 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the substances isolated from the African medicinal plant focusing on compounds harboring activities... (Review)
Review
The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the substances isolated from the African medicinal plant focusing on compounds harboring activities against cancer models detailed in depth herein at both in vitro and in vivo preclinical levels. The review was conducted through Pubmed and Google Scholar. Nineteen out of the forty-two secondary metabolites isolated to date from displayed interesting in vitro and/or in vivo antitumor activities. They belonged to alkaloid (Erysodine), triterpenes (Erythrodiol, maniladiol, oleanolic acid), prenylated isoflavonoids (senegalensin, erysenegalensein E, erysenegalensein M, alpinumisoflavone, derrone, warangalone), flavonoids (erythrisenegalone, senegalensein, lupinifolin, carpachromene) and pterocarpans (erybraedine A, erybraedine C, phaseollin). Among the isoflavonoids called "erysenegalensein", only erysenealenseins E and M have been tested for their anticancerous properties and turned out to be cytotoxic. Although the stem bark is the most frequently used part of the plant, all pterocarpans were isolated from roots and all alkaloids from seeds. The mechanisms of action of its metabolites include apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy and mitophagy via the modulation of cytoplasmic proteins, miRNA and enzymes involved in critical pathways deregulated in cancer. Alpinumisoflavone and oleanolic acid were studied in a broad spectrum of cancer models both in vitro and in preclinical models in vivo with promising results. Other metabolites, including carpachromen, phaseollin, erybraedin A, erysenegalensein M and maniladiol need to be further investigated, as they display potent in vitro effects.
PubMed: 35009024
DOI: 10.3390/plants11010019 -
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical... Sep 2021Tocotrienols have been reported to exert anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardio-protective and boneprotective effects through modulation of NFκB signalling...
Tocotrienols have been reported to exert anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardio-protective and boneprotective effects through modulation of NFκB signalling pathway. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate available literature showing the effect of tocotrienols on NFκB signalling pathway and identify the potential mechanisms involved. A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed and SCOPUS databases using the keywords "tocotrienol" and "NFκB" or "nuclear factor kappa b". Main inclusion criteria were English language original articles showing the effect of tocotrienol on NFκB signalling pathway. Fifty-nine articles were selected from the total of 117 articles initially retrieved from the literature search. Modulation of regulatory proteins and genes such as inhibition of farnesyl prenyl transferase were found to be the mechanisms underlying the tocotrienol-induced suppression of NFκB activation.
Topics: Antioxidants; Humans; Tocotrienols
PubMed: 34587713
DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202109_30(3).0020 -
Current Medicinal Chemistry 2020The use of anti-diabetic drugs has been increasing worldwide and the evolution of therapeutics has been enormous. Still, the currently available anti-diabetic drugs do...
The use of anti-diabetic drugs has been increasing worldwide and the evolution of therapeutics has been enormous. Still, the currently available anti-diabetic drugs do not present the desired efficacy and are generally associated with serious adverse effects. Thus, entirely new interventions, addressing the underlying etiopathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, are required. Chalcones, secondary metabolites of terrestrial plants and precursors of the flavonoids biosynthesis, have been used for a long time in traditional medicine due to their wide-range of biological activities, from which the anti-diabetic activity stands out. This review systematizes the information found in literature about the anti-diabetic properties of chalcones, in vitro and in vivo. Chalcones are able to exert these properties by acting in different therapeutic targets: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4); Glucose Transporter Type 4 (GLUT4), Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), α-amylase, α-glucosidase, Aldose Reductase (ALR), Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP)-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK). Chalcones are, undoubtedly, promising anti-diabetic agents, and some crucial structural features have already been established. From the Structure-Activity Relationships analysis, it can generally be stated that the presence of hydroxyl, prenyl and geranyl groups in their skeleton improves their activity for the evaluated anti-diabetic targets.
Topics: Chalcones; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; alpha-Glucosidases
PubMed: 30277140
DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181001112226 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jan 2018Elevated levels of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) cause atherosclerotic disease, and proteomic analyses have found that these lipoproteins are endowed with... (Review)
Review
Elevated levels of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) cause atherosclerotic disease, and proteomic analyses have found that these lipoproteins are endowed with prenylcysteine lyase. This systematic review summarizes current understanding of this enzyme, now known as prenylcysteine oxidase 1 (PCYOX1), which hydrolyzes the thioether bond of prenylcysteines in the final step in the degradation of prenylated proteins, releasing hydrogen peroxide, cysteine and the isoprenoid aldehyde. Despite the high variability of the gene, no polymorphism has yet been associated with any disease. The liver, which is responsible for vehiculization of the enzyme in lipoproteins, is one of the main organs responsible for its expression, together with the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, male reproductive tissue and muscle. Moreover, although hepatic mRNA expression is sensitive to diet and hormones, the repercussion of these changes in LDLs containing PCYOX1 has not been addressed. One consequence of its elevated activity could be an increase in hydrogen peroxide, which might help to propagate the oxidative burden of LDLs, thus making PCYOX1 a potential pharmacological target and a new biomarker in cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Animals; Carbon-Sulfur Lyases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Lipoproteins, LDL; Liver; Neoplasms; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 28930587
DOI: 10.2741/4631