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Journal of Thermal Biology Apr 2021This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of heat stress exposure on the concentrations of amino acids within the plasma and the brain of chicks.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of heat stress exposure on the concentrations of amino acids within the plasma and the brain of chicks. Methodology: Five electronic databases including; PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and ProQuest were reviewed to find relative literature published until the March 8, 2019. A total of eight relative studies and 194 chicks were analyzed. The Random Effects model and the Fixed Effects model were performed. Using the Random Effects model for amino acids, a Standardized mean difference (SMD) of 2.05 and 1.46 was obtained for alanine and threonine concentrations respectively. This indicates a significant increase in the concentration of these amino acids within the plasma. An SMD of -2.68 and -2.46 was obtained for cysteine and proline concentrations respectively, this indicates a significant decrease in the concentration of these amino acids within the plasma. The pooled estimates regarding the effect of heat stress exposure on plasma amino acid concentrations for proline were -0.013. The SMDs obtained for amino acid concentrations within the brain (diencephalon) including leucine, methionine, valine and isoleucine were 1.799, 0.88, 2.11, 1.85, respectively, This indicates a significant increase in the concentration of these amino acids within the brain (P < 0.05). Comparing the SMD obtained for long-term heat exposure (two weeks) with the SMD obtained for short-term heat exposure shows that plasma amino acid concentrations including aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, methionine, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine, glycine, proline, phenylalanine and threonine had all decreased. The relationship between heat exposure and changes in the concentration of some amino acids in the plasma is an important scientific finding.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain; Chickens; Heat-Shock Response; Hot Temperature
PubMed: 33863436
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102872 -
International Immunopharmacology Mar 2021Pemphigus encompasses a rare heterogeneous group of autoimmune blistering diseases characterized by cutaneous and/or mucosal blistering. Multiple factors, such as some...
Pemphigus encompasses a rare heterogeneous group of autoimmune blistering diseases characterized by cutaneous and/or mucosal blistering. Multiple factors, such as some specific types of drugs, have been found to be involved in the induction of pemphigus. Here, we have designed a systematic review by searching PubMed/Medline and Embase databases to find the drugs, involved in pemphigus induction and exacerbation (updated on 19 August 2019). From 1856 initially found articles, 134 studies (198 patients; 170 patients in the drug-induced patients and 28 in exacerbation group) have been included. Regarding drug-induced cases, the mean age was 57.19 ± 16.9-year-old (ranged 8-105), and patients had developed pemphigus within a mean of 154.27 days. Pemphigus vulgaris (38.9%), pemphigus foliaceus (33.5%), and paraneoplastic pemphigus (3.6%) were the most common subtypes. Furthermore, penicillamine (33.1%), captopril (7.7%), and bucillamine (6.5%) were the most reported drugs related to pemphigus induction; penicillamine was associated with the most persistent disease. Regardless of disease subtype, cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and mucosal involvements were reported in 68.6%, 30.1%, and 1.3% of patients, respectively. In total, the IgG deposition in the pathological studies, being positive for autoreactive antibodies in the serum against desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), and desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), were reported in 93%, 34.9%, and 72.7% of reported patients, respectively. Regarding the management of such patients, in 75% of healed cases, treatment (mainly transient systemic and topical corticosteroids and/or azathioprine) was needed besides stopping the probable pemphigus-inducing culprit drug, while drug cessation was enough to control the disease in 25%. As the outcomes, the lesions in 129 of 147 (87.8%) patients had been healed, while in 18 (12.2%), no healing was reported; fifteen out of 18 had died. In conclusion, some specific groups of treatments can induce pemphigus, including penicillamine, captopril, and bucillamine; despite the similar clinical and pathological manifestations to classical pemphigus, most of the cases are less severe and have a better prognosis.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antihypertensive Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Captopril; Cysteine; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Pemphigus; Penicillamine
PubMed: 33418246
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107299 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2020Soil salinity often hinders plant productivity in both natural and agricultural settings. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) symbionts can mediate plant stress...
Soil salinity often hinders plant productivity in both natural and agricultural settings. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) symbionts can mediate plant stress responses by enhancing salinity tolerance, but less attention has been devoted to measuring these effects across plant-AMF studies. We performed a meta-analysis of published studies to determine how AMF symbionts influence plant responses under non-stressed vs. salt-stressed conditions. Compared to non-AMF plants, AMF plants had significantly higher shoot and root biomass ( < 0.0001) both under non-stressed conditions and in the presence of varying levels of NaCl salinity in soil, and the differences became more prominent as the salinity stress increased. Categorical analyses revealed that the accumulation of plant shoot and root biomass was influenced by various factors, such as the host life cycle and lifestyle, the fungal group, and the duration of the AMF and salinity treatments. More specifically, the effect of on plant shoot biomass was more prominent as the salinity level increased. Additionally, under stress, AMF increased shoot biomass more on plants that are dicots, plants that have nodulation capacity and plants that use the C3 plant photosynthetic pathway. When plants experienced short-term stress (<2 weeks), the effect of AMF was not apparent, but under longer-term stress (>4 weeks), AMF had a distinct effect on the plant response. For the first time, we observed significant phylogenetic signals in plants and mycorrhizal species in terms of their shoot biomass response to moderate levels of salinity stress, i.e., closely related plants had more similar responses, and closely related mycorrhizal species had similar effects than distantly related species. In contrast, the root biomass accumulation trait was related to fungal phylogeny only under non-stressed conditions and not under stressed conditions. Additionally, the influence of AMF on plant biomass was found to be unrelated to plant phylogeny. In line with the greater biomass accumulation in AMF plants, AMF improved the water status, photosynthetic efficiency and uptake of Ca and K in plants irrespective of salinity stress. The uptake of N and P was higher in AMF plants, and as the salinity increased, the trend showed a decline but had a clear upturn as the salinity stress increased to a high level. The activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the proline content changed due to AMF treatment under salinity stress. The accumulation of proline and catalase (CAT) was observed only when plants experienced moderate salinity stress, but peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased in AMF plants irrespective of salinity stress. Taken together, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influenced plant growth and physiology, and their effects were more notable when their host plants experienced salinity stress and were influenced by plant and fungal traits.
PubMed: 33362816
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.588550 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Dec 2020Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness among the elderly, and the exact pathogenesis of the AMD remains unclear. The purpose of...
PURPOSE
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness among the elderly, and the exact pathogenesis of the AMD remains unclear. The purpose of this review is to summarize potential metabolic biomarkers and pathways of AMD that might facilitate risk predictions and clinical diagnoses of AMD.
METHODS
We obtained relevant publications of metabolomics studies of human beings by systematically searching the MEDLINE (PubMed) database before June 2020. Studies were included if they performed mass spectrometry-based or nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics approach for humans. In addition, AMD was assessed from fundus photographs based on standardized protocols. The metabolic pathway analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst 3.0.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies were included in this review. Repeatedly identified metabolites including phenylalanine, adenosine, hypoxanthine, tyrosine, creatine, citrate, carnitine, proline, and maltose have the possibility of being biomarkers of AMD. Validation of the biomarker panels was observed in one study. Dysregulation of metabolic pathways involves lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and translation, which might play important roles in the development and progression of AMD.
CONCLUSIONS
This review summarizes the potential metabolic biomarkers and pathways related to AMD, providing opportunities for the construction of diagnostic or predictive models for AMD and the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolomics; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33315052
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.14.13 -
Journal of Translational Autoimmunity 2020In the last decade, new scientific findings significantly improved our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of autoinflammation and have resulted in the... (Review)
Review
In the last decade, new scientific findings significantly improved our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of autoinflammation and have resulted in the identification and definition of several pyoderma gangrenosum-associated autoinflammatory syndromes (PGAAIS) as new and distinct clinical entities. These different clinical entities include PAPA (pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne conglobata), PASH (pyoderma gangrenosum, acne and suppurative hidradenitis), PAPASH (pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, suppurative hidradenitis and pyogenic arthritis), PsAPASH (pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, suppurative hidradenitis and psoriatic arthritis), PASS (pyoderma gangrenosum, acne conglobata, suppurative hidradenitis, and axial spondyloarthritis) and PAC (pyoderma gangrenosum, acne and ulcerative colitis), which can be distinguished by their clinical presentation and the presence or absence of mutations in several genes, such as the genes encoding proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein 1 (PSTPIP1), nicastrin (NCSTN), Mediterranean fever (MEFV) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD). In this systematic review, we summarize the present knowledge of this rapidly developing hot topic and provide a guide to enable the easy diagnosis of these syndromes in everyday clinical practice. Moreover, we report a rare case of PASS syndrome demonstrating successful treatment with adalimumab and another case of a previously unreported combination of symptoms, including psoriatic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, suppurative hidradenitis and Crohn's disease (newly coined PsAPSC), as examples. Because of the identification of similar genetic and pathogenic mechanisms of PGAAIS, we think the wide variety of seemingly different syndromes may represent distinct phenotypes of one disease.
PubMed: 33305249
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2020.100071 -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Nov 2020We aimed to explore metabolite biomarkers that could be used to identify pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using systematic review and meta-analysis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
We aimed to explore metabolite biomarkers that could be used to identify pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Four databases, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed and Scopus were selected. A random effect model and a fixed effect model were applied to the results of forest plot analyses to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each metabolite. The SMD for every metabolite was then converted into an odds ratio to create an metabolite biomarker profile.
RESULTS
Twenty-four independent studies reported data from 14,131 healthy individuals and 3499 patients with T2DM, and 14 included studies reported 4844 healthy controls and a total of 2139 pre-diabetes patients. In the serum and plasma of patients with T2DM, compared with the healthy participants, the concentrations of valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, tyrosine, lysine and glutamate were higher and that of glycine was lower. The concentrations of isoleucine, alanine, proline, glutamate, palmitic acid, 2-aminoadipic acid and lysine were higher and those of glycine, serine, and citrulline were lower in prediabetic patients. Metabolite biomarkers of T2DM and pre-diabetes revealed that the levels of alanine, glutamate and palmitic acid (C16:0) were significantly different in T2DM and pre-diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS
Quantified multiple metabolite biomarkers may reflect the different status of pre-diabetes and T2DM, and could provide an important reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of pre-diabetes and T2DM.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metabolome; Prediabetic State; Prognosis
PubMed: 33228610
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00653-x -
European Journal of Clinical... Apr 2021To meta-statistically compare the efficiency of hypoxia-induced factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor on hemoglobin, ferritin, hepcidin rate, and adverse events. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
To meta-statistically compare the efficiency of hypoxia-induced factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor on hemoglobin, ferritin, hepcidin rate, and adverse events.
METHODS
A systematic identification of literature was performed according to PRISMA guidelines on 4 academic databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and CENTRAL. A meta-analysis evaluating the influence of hypoxia-induced factors was performed for patients undergoing/not undergoing hemodialysis. The analysis evaluated the efficacy of hypoxia-induced factors on hemoglobin, ferritin, hepcidin rate, and the number of adverse events.
RESULTS
Out of 1052 records, 15 articles including 2045 patients (mean age 62.1 ± 5.4 years) were included in this review. The systematic review presents a 1a level of evidence supporting the use of hypoxia-induced factor for mediating anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. The meta-analysis reveals medium to large beneficial effects of the hypoxia-induced factor on hemoglobin rate for patients receiving (0.72) and not receiving (1.04) hemodialysis. Moreover, the administration of hypoxia-induced factors was reported to reduce ferritin rate and the hepcidin rate, and the number of adverse events in patients with chronic kidney disease.
CONCLUSION
The current meta-analysis recommends the use of hypoxia-induced factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor for managing anemia in chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Anemia; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 33161463
DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-03037-1 -
Nutrients Oct 2020Different amino acids (AAs) may exert distinct effects on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. A quantitative comparison of the effects of AAs on glucose and...
Different amino acids (AAs) may exert distinct effects on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. A quantitative comparison of the effects of AAs on glucose and insulin kinetics in humans is currently lacking. PubMed was queried to identify intervention studies reporting glucose and insulin concentrations after acute ingestion and/or intravenous infusion of AAs in healthy adults and those living with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The systematic literature search identified 55 studies that examined the effects of l-leucine, l-isoleucine, l-alanine, l-glutamine, l-arginine, l-lysine, glycine, l-proline, l-phenylalanine, l-glutamate, branched-chain AAs (i.e., l-leucine, l-isoleucine, and l-valine), and multiple individual l-AAs on glucose and insulin concentrations. Oral ingestion of most individual AAs induced an insulin response, but did not alter glucose concentrations in healthy participants. Specific AAs (i.e., leucine and isoleucine) co-ingested with glucose exerted a synergistic effect on the postprandial insulin response and attenuated the glucose response compared to glucose intake alone in healthy participants. Oral AA ingestion as well as intravenous AA infusion was able to stimulate an insulin response and decrease glucose concentrations in T2DM and obese individuals. The extracted information is publicly available and can serve multiple purposes such as computational modeling.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Amino Acids; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Insulin; Kinetics; Male; Obesity; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 33096658
DOI: 10.3390/nu12103211 -
Pharmacological Research Jan 2021Phase 2 and phase 3 clinical studies showed that hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) efficiently increased hemoglobin levels in both... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Effects of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors on iron regulation in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients with anemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Phase 2 and phase 3 clinical studies showed that hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) efficiently increased hemoglobin levels in both dialysis-dependent and non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, the effects of HIF-PHIs on iron regulation have not been consistent among clinical trials. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effects of six HIF-PHIs on iron regulation in non-dialysis CKD patients. Electronic databases were searched from inception to April 20, 2020, for eligible studies. Changes from baseline in transferrin saturation (TSAT), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), iron, ferritin, and hepcidin levels were pooled using the inverse-variance method and presented as the mean difference (MD) or standardized MD (SMD) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-analysis of the included studies showed that, in non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients, HIF-PHIs decreased TSAT (MD, -4.51; 95 % CI, -5.81 to -3.21), ferritin (MD, -47.29; 95 % CI, -54.59 to -40.00) and hepcidin (SMD, -0.94; 95 % CI, -1.25 to -0.62), increased TIBC (MD, 9.15; 95 % CI, 7.08-11.22), and did not affect serum iron (MD, -0.31; 95 % CI, -2.05 to 1.42) despite enhanced erythropoiesis. This systematic review suggests that HIF-PHIs promote iron utilization in non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients. Importantly, HIF-PHIs are associated with increased transferrin levels (and TIBC), leading to reduced TSAT. Therefore, the reduction of TSAT after HIF-PHIs should not be interpreted as iron deficiency.
Topics: Anemia; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases; Iron; Prolyl-Hydroxylase Inhibitors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 33086081
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105256 -
International Urology and Nephrology Jun 2021HIF-PHI (hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor) was developed to improve renal anemia. This study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of HIF-PHI in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Efficacy and safety of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) on anemia in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD): a systematic review and meta-analysis.
PURPOSE
HIF-PHI (hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor) was developed to improve renal anemia. This study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of HIF-PHI in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD).
METHODS
The literature was extracted from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Wanfang database. Statistical tests and forest plots were depicted by Review Manager Version 5.3. The primary outcome was a change in hemoglobin level from baseline (ΔHb). Secondary outcomes were changes in ferritin (ΔFerritin), hepcidin (ΔHepcidin), and transferrin saturation from baseline (ΔTSAT), and adverse events (AEs). This study is registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020199656).
RESULTS
Ten trials were included. The results showed that HIF-PHI improved the ΔHb [SMD 3.03 (95% CI 2.10, 3.96), P < 0.00001] in NDD patients. HIF-PHI reduced hepcidin levels in the NDD patients [SMD - 1.44 (95% CI - 2.19-0.70), P = 0.0002]. ΔFerritin values were reduced significantly in the HIF-PHI group [SMD - 1.08 (95% CI - 1.63-0.53), P = 0.0001]. However, ΔTSAT values showed no significant difference in the HIF-PHI group compared to the placebo group [SMD - 0.23 (95% CI - 0.66-0.21), P = 0.31]. In the safety assessment, HIF-PHI did not increase adverse events significantly [RR 0.98 (95% CI 0.88-1.10), P = 0.74].
CONCLUSION
HIF-PHI improves renal anemia and iron utilization disorder in NDD-CKD patients, without significantly more adverse events.
Topics: Anemia; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33026571
DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02671-z