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PloS One 2024Stroke stands as a significant macrovascular complication among individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often resulting in the primary cause of mortality and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Stroke stands as a significant macrovascular complication among individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often resulting in the primary cause of mortality and disability within this patient demographic. Presently, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the underlying causes of stroke in individuals with T2DM, yet the findings exhibit inconsistencies.
OBJECTIVE
This paper aims to consolidate and summarize the available evidence concerning the influential factors contributing to stroke among patients diagnosed with T2DM.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web Of Science, Embase, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and Weipu up to August 2023. Google Scholar was also searched to retrieve gray literature. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Stata software.
RESULTS
Our analysis encompassed 43 observational studies, exploring factors across sociodemographic, biochemical, complications, and hypoglycemic agent categories. The findings identified several risk factors for stroke in patients with T2DM: age, gender, T2DM duration, hypertension, body-mass index (BMI), smoking, Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), albuminuria, Triglycerides (TG), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Coronary heart disease (CHD), Atrial fibrillation (AF), diabetic retinopathy (DR), Peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and carotid plaque. Conversely, exercise, High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), metformin (MET), pioglitazone, and metformin combination therapy emerged as protective factors.
CONCLUSION
This study underscores the multitude of influencing factors contributing to stroke in people with T2DM patients, among which the microvascular complications of T2DM play an most important role. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of screening for microvascular complications in patients with T2DM. However, due to limitations arising from the number of articles reviewed, there remain areas where clarity is lacking. Further research efforts are warranted to expand upon and reinforce our current findings.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Stroke; Risk Factors; Hypoglycemic Agents; Glycated Hemoglobin
PubMed: 38913694
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305954 -
Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology :... Jun 2024Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity amongst trauma patients. Its treatment is focused on minimizing progression to secondary... (Review)
Review
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity amongst trauma patients. Its treatment is focused on minimizing progression to secondary injury. Administration of propranolol for TBI maydecrease mortality and improve functional outcomes. However, it is our sense that its use has not been universally adopted due to low certainty evidence. The literature was reviewed to explore the mechanism of propranolol as a therapeutic intervention in TBI to guide future clinical investigations. Medline, Embase, and Scopus were searched for studies that investigated the effect of propranolol on TBI in animal models from inception until June 6, 2023. All routes of administration for propranolol were included and the following outcomes were evaluated: cognitive functions, physiological and immunological responses. Screening and data extraction were done independently and in duplicate. The risk of bias for each individual study was assessed using the SYCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. Three hundred twenty-three citations were identified and 14 studies met our eligibility criteria. The data suggests that propranolol may improve post-TBI cognitive and motor function by increasing cerebral perfusion, reducing neural injury, cell death, leukocyte mobilization and p-tau accumulation in animal models. Propranolol may also attenuate TBI-induced immunodeficiency and provide cardioprotective effects by mitigating damage to the myocardium caused by oxidative stress. This systematic review demonstrates that propranolol may be therapeutic in TBI by improving cognitive and motor function while regulating T lymphocyte response and levels of myocardial reactive oxygen species. Oral or intravenous injection of propranolol following TBI is associated with improved cerebral perfusion, reduced neuroinflammation, reduced immunodeficiency, and cardio-neuroprotection in preclinical studies.
Topics: Propranolol; Animals; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Neuroprotective Agents; Humans; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
PubMed: 38900343
DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10121-1 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jun 2024This is an update of a review first published in 2010. Use of topical fluoride has become more common over time. Excessive fluoride consumption from topical fluorides in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
This is an update of a review first published in 2010. Use of topical fluoride has become more common over time. Excessive fluoride consumption from topical fluorides in young children could potentially lead to dental fluorosis in permanent teeth.
OBJECTIVES
To describe the relationship between the use of topical fluorides in young children and the risk of developing dental fluorosis in permanent teeth.
SEARCH METHODS
We carried out electronic searches of the Cochrane Oral Health Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, three other databases, and two trials registers. We searched the reference lists of relevant articles. The latest search date was 28 July 2022.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional surveys comparing fluoride toothpaste, mouth rinses, gels, foams, paint-on solutions, and varnishes to a different fluoride therapy, placebo, or no intervention. Upon the introduction of topical fluorides, the target population was children under six years of age.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane and used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence. The primary outcome measure was the percentage prevalence of fluorosis in the permanent teeth. Two authors extracted data from all included studies. In cases where both adjusted and unadjusted risk ratios or odds ratios were reported, we used the adjusted value in the meta-analysis.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 43 studies: three RCTs, four cohort studies, 10 case-control studies, and 26 cross-sectional surveys. We judged all three RCTs, one cohort study, one case-control study, and six cross-sectional studies to have some concerns for risk of bias. We judged all other observational studies to be at high risk of bias. We grouped the studies into five comparisons. Comparison 1. Age at which children started toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste Two cohort studies (260 children) provided very uncertain evidence regarding the association between children starting to use fluoride toothpaste for brushing at or before 12 months versus after 12 months and the development of fluorosis (risk ratio (RR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81 to 1.18; very low-certainty evidence). Similarly, evidence from one cohort study (3939 children) and two cross-sectional studies (1484 children) provided very uncertain evidence regarding the association between children starting to use fluoride toothpaste for brushing before or after the age of 24 months (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.13; very low-certainty evidence) or before or after four years (odds ratio (OR) 1.60, 95% CI 0.77 to 3.35; very low-certainty evidence), respectively. Comparison 2. Frequency of toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste Two case-control studies (258 children) provided very uncertain evidence regarding the association between children brushing less than twice per day versus twice or more per day and the development of fluorosis (OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.81 to 3.28; very low-certainty evidence). Two cross-sectional surveys (1693 children) demonstrated that brushing less than once per day versus once or more per day may be associated with a decrease in the development of fluorosis in children (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.74; low-certainty evidence). Comparison 3. Amount of fluoride toothpaste used for toothbrushing Two case-control studies (258 children) provided very uncertain evidence regarding the association between children using less than half a brush of toothpaste, versus half or more of the brush, and the development of fluorosis (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.46; very low-certainty evidence). The evidence from cross-sectional surveys was also very uncertain (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.28; 3 studies, 2037 children; very low-certainty evidence). Comparison 4. Fluoride concentration in toothpaste There was evidence from two RCTs (1968 children) that lower fluoride concentration in the toothpaste used by children under six years of age likely reduces the risk of developing fluorosis: 550 parts per million (ppm) fluoride versus 1000 ppm (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.99; moderate-certainty evidence); 440 ppm fluoride versus 1450 ppm (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.89; moderate-certainty evidence). The age at which the toothbrushing commenced was 24 months and 12 months, respectively. Two case-control studies (258 children) provided very uncertain evidence regarding the association between fluoride concentrations under 1000 ppm, versus concentrations of 1000 ppm or above, and the development of fluorosis (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.52; very low-certainty evidence). Comparison 5. Age at which topical fluoride varnish was applied There was evidence from one RCT (123 children) that there may be little to no difference between a fluoride varnish application before four years, versus no application, and the development of fluorosis (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.31; low-certainty evidence). There was low-certainty evidence from two cross-sectional surveys (982 children) that the application of topical fluoride varnish before four years of age may be associated with the development of fluorosis in children (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.46 to 3.25).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Most evidence identified mild fluorosis as a potential adverse outcome of using topical fluoride at an early age. There is low- to very low-certainty and inconclusive evidence on the risk of having fluorosis in permanent teeth for: when a child starts receiving topical fluoride varnish application; toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste; the amount of toothpaste used by the child; and the frequency of toothbrushing. Moderate-certainty evidence from RCTs showed that children who brushed with 1000 ppm or more fluoride toothpaste from one to two years of age until five to six years of age probably had an increased chance of developing dental fluorosis in permanent teeth. It is unethical to propose new RCTs to assess the development of dental fluorosis. However, future RCTs focusing on dental caries prevention could record children's exposure to topical fluoride sources in early life and evaluate the dental fluorosis in their permanent teeth as a long-term outcome. In the absence of these studies and methods, further research in this area will come from observational studies. Attention needs to be given to the choice of study design, bearing in mind that prospective controlled studies will be less susceptible to bias than retrospective and uncontrolled studies.
Topics: Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Child, Preschool; Fluorides, Topical; Child; Toothpastes; Bias; Case-Control Studies; Cariostatic Agents; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fluorides
PubMed: 38899538
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007693.pub3 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Dental fluorosis (DF) is caused by excessive exposure to fluoride during odontogenesis and leads to various changes in the development of tooth enamel. Some regions in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Dental fluorosis (DF) is caused by excessive exposure to fluoride during odontogenesis and leads to various changes in the development of tooth enamel. Some regions in Mexico are considered endemic fluorosis zones due to the high fluoride content in drinking water. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the association between the concentration of fluoride in drinking water and the severity of dental fluorosis in northern and western Mexico.
METHODS
This protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (ID: CRD42023401519). The search for information was carried out in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar databases between January 2015 and October 2023. The overall relative risk was calculated using the inverse of variance approach with the random effects method. The RoB 2.0 tool was used to construct risk plots.
RESULTS
Eleven articles were analyzed qualitatively, and most of the included studies presented at least one level of DF severity; six articles were analyzed quantitatively, dividing them into two regions. In North region it was observed a higher prevalence of severe TF cases, corresponding to ≥ TF 5 category (4.78) [3.55, 6.42]. In the West region, most of the included studies presented a higher prevalence of less severe cases, corresponding to ≤ TF 4, in comparison with the North region (0.01) [0.00, 0.52], interpreted as a protective effect.
CONCLUSION
The concentrations of fluorides in drinking water are reportedly high in these regions and are directly related to the severity of dental fluorosis experienced by the inhabitants. In the Northern region exists a major concentration of fluoride in drinking water compared with the Western region as well as a prevalence of higher severity cases of dental fluorosis.
Topics: Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Mexico; Fluorides; Drinking Water; Severity of Illness Index; Prevalence
PubMed: 38898439
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04472-7 -
Nutrients May 2024The scientific literature has reported an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of suffering from several types of cancer; however, the results... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The scientific literature has reported an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of suffering from several types of cancer; however, the results were not entirely consistent across studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies were conducted to determine the association between broccoli consumption and cancer risk with the aim of clarifying the beneficial biological effects of broccoli consumption on cancer.
METHODS
PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and Epistemonikos databases were searched to identify all published papers that evaluate the impact of broccoli consumption on the risk of cancer. Citation chasing of included studies was conducted as a complementary search strategy. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model meta-analysis was employed to quantitatively synthesize results, with the I2 index used to assess heterogeneity.
RESULTS
Twenty-three case-control studies (n = 12,929 cases and 18,363 controls; n = 31,292 individuals) and 12 cohort studies (n = 699,482 individuals) were included in the meta-analysis. The results suggest an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of cancer both in case-control studies (OR: 0.64, 95% CI from 0.58 to 0.70, < 0.001; Q = 35.97, = 0.072, I = 30.49%-moderate heterogeneity; τ = 0.016) and cohort studies (RR: 0.89, 95% CI from 0.82 to 0.96, = 0.003; Q = 13.51, = 0.333, I = 11.21%-low heterogeneity; τ = 0.002). Subgroup analysis suggested a potential benefit of broccoli consumption in site-specific cancers only in case-control studies.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, the findings indicate that individuals suffering from some type of cancer consumed less broccoli, suggesting a protective biological effect of broccoli on cancer. More studies, especially cohort studies, are necessary to clarify the possible beneficial effect of broccoli on several types of cancer.
Topics: Brassica; Humans; Neoplasms; Observational Studies as Topic; Diet; Risk Factors; Female; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38892516
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111583 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jun 2024Osteoarthritis (OA) affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joint (hallux rigidus) is common and painful. Several non-surgical treatments have been proposed; however,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Osteoarthritis (OA) affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joint (hallux rigidus) is common and painful. Several non-surgical treatments have been proposed; however, few have been adequately evaluated. Since the original 2010 review, several studies have been published necessitating this update.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the benefits and harms of non-surgical treatments for big toe OA.
SEARCH METHODS
We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search was February 2023.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised trials that compared any type of non-surgical treatment versus placebo (or sham), no treatment (such as wait-and-see) or other treatment.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard Cochrane methods. The major outcomes were pain, function, quality of life, radiographic joint structure, adverse events and withdrawals due to adverse events. The primary time point was 12 weeks. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence.
MAIN RESULTS
This update includes six trials (547 participants). The mean age of participants ranged from 32 to 62 years. Trial durations ranged from 4 to 52 weeks. Treatments were compared in single trials as follows: arch-contouring foot orthoses versus sham inserts; shoe-stiffening inserts versus sham inserts; intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid versus saline (placebo) injection; arch-contouring foot orthoses versus rocker-sole footwear; peloid therapy versus paraffin therapy; and sesamoid mobilisation, flexor hallucis longus strengthening and gait training plus physical therapy versus physical therapy alone. Certainty of the evidence was limited by the risk of bias and imprecision. Meta-analysis was not performed due to the heterogeneity of interventions. We reported numerical data for the 12-week time point for the three trials that used a placebo/sham control group. Arch-contouring foot orthoses versus sham inserts One trial (88 participants) showed that arch-contouring foot orthoses probably lead to little or no difference in pain, function, or quality of life compared to sham inserts (moderate certainty). Mean pain (0-10 scale, 0 no pain) with sham inserts was 3.9 points compared to 3.5 points with arch-contouring foot orthoses; a difference of 0.4 points better (95% (CI) 0.5 worse to 1.3 better). Mean function (0-100 scale, 100 best function) with sham inserts was 73.3 points compared to 65.5 points with arch-contouring foot orthoses; a difference of 7.8 points worse (95% CI 17.8 worse to 2.2 better). Mean quality of life (-0.04-100 scale, 100 best score) with sham inserts was 0.8 points compared to 0.8 points with arch-contouring foot orthoses group (95% CI 0.1 worse to 0.1 better). Arch-contouring foot orthoses may show little or no difference in adverse events and withdrawal due to adverse events compared to sham inserts (low certainty). Adverse events (mostly foot pain) were reported in 6 out of 41 people with sham inserts and 4 out of 47 people with arch-contouring foot orthoses (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.92). Withdrawals due to adverse events were reported in 0 out of 41 people with sham inserts and 1 out of 47 people with arch-contouring foot orthoses (Peto OR 6.58, 95% CI 0.13 to 331). Shoe-stiffening inserts versus sham inserts One trial (100 participants) showed that shoe-stiffening inserts probably lead to little or no difference in pain, function, or quality of life when compared to sham inserts (moderate certainty). Mean pain (0-100 scale, 0 no pain) with sham inserts was 63.8 points compared to 70.1 points with shoe-stiffening inserts; a difference of 6.3 points better (95% CI 0.5 worse to 13.1 better). Mean function (0-100 scale, 100 best function) with sham inserts was 81.0 points compared to 84.9 points with shoe-stiffening inserts; a difference of 3.9 points better (95% CI 3.3 worse to 11.1 better). Mean quality of life (0-100 scale, 100 best score) with sham inserts was 53.2 points compared to 53.3 points with shoe-stiffening inserts; a difference of 0.1 points better (95% CI 3.7 worse to 3.9 better). Shoe-stiffening inserts may show little or no difference in adverse events and withdrawal due to adverse events, compared to sham inserts (low certainty). Adverse events (mostly foot pain, blisters, and spine/hip pain) were reported in 31 out of 51 people with sham inserts and 29 out of 49 people with shoe-stiffening inserts (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.42 to 2.08). Withdrawals due to adverse events were reported in 1 out of 51 people with sham inserts and 2 out of 49 people with shoe-stiffening inserts (Peto OR 2.08, 95% CI 0.19 to 22.23). Hyaluronic acid versus placebo One trial (151 participants) showed that a single intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid probably leads to little or no difference in pain or function compared to placebo (moderate certainty). Mean pain (0-100 scale, 0 no pain) with placebo was 72.5 points compared to 68.2 points with hyaluronic acid; a difference of 4.3 points better (95% CI 2.1 worse to 10.7 better). Mean function (0-100 scale, 100 best function) was 83.4 points with placebo compared to 85.0 points with hyaluronic acid; a difference of 1.6 points better (95% CI 4.6 worse to 7.8 better). Hyaluronic acid may provide little or no difference in quality of life (0-100 scale, 100 best score) which was 79.9 points with placebo compared to 82.9 points with hyaluronic acid; a difference of 3.0 better (95% CI 1.4 worse to 7.4 better; low certainty). There may be fewer adverse events with hyaluronic acid compared to placebo. Adverse events (mostly pain at the injection site) were reported in 43 out of 76 people with placebo compared with 27 out of 75 people with hyaluronic acid (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.91; low certainty). No participants withdrew from either group due to adverse events. The effects on radiographic joint structure were not reported in any study.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The existing evidence regarding the benefits and harms of non-surgical treatments for big toe OA is limited. There is moderate-certainty evidence, based upon three single placebo/sham-controlled trials, that there are no clinically important benefits of arch-contouring foot orthoses, shoe-stiffening inserts, or a single intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid. Further placebo-controlled trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of non-surgical treatments for big toe OA.
Topics: Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Middle Aged; Foot Orthoses; Adult; Hallux Rigidus; Quality of Life; Shoes; Osteoarthritis; Bias; Hyaluronic Acid
PubMed: 38884172
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007809.pub3 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Jun 2024The present systematic review explored the involvement of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in periodontitis, drawing from established literature. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The assessment of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and oxidized glutathione in patients with periodontitis-A systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
The present systematic review explored the involvement of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in periodontitis, drawing from established literature.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research approach encompassed an extensive electronic search from 2000 to 2023 across databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library and cross-referencing using specific keywords.
RESULTS
The initial literature exploration generated a total of 766 articles. After thoroughly examining the abstracts, 693 articles were excluded from consideration due to duplication and lack of relevance to the central research inquiry. Following that, 73 articles were left for in-depth evaluation. Following a qualitative assessment, 35 studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria were chosen, while 38 were removed for not meeting the necessary standards. Within this selection, a meta-analysis was conducted on 11 articles that provided consistent data for quantitative synthesis. Specifically, the analysis of glutathione (GSH) levels in serum samples revealed a standardized mean difference (SMD) of -5.552 µg/mL (CI 95%: -9.078 to -2.026; P-0.002). In contrast, the analysis of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples displayed an overall SMD of 2.918 ng/µL (CI 95%: 0.372-5.465; P-0.025), while salivary samples exhibited an overall SMD value of 0.709 U/l (95% CI: -1.907-3.325; P-0.596) which is of insignificant.
CONCLUSION
The systematic review findings suggest a notable decrease in antioxidant enzymes across various systemic biological samples among patients with periodontitis, contrasting with the results from gingival tissue samples meta-analysis of GPx enzyme.
Topics: Humans; Periodontitis; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Glutathione Disulfide; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38881240
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.907 -
PloS One 2024There is a consistent association between exposure to air pollution and elevated rates of cardiopulmonary illnesses. As public health activities emphasize the paramount...
BACKGROUND
There is a consistent association between exposure to air pollution and elevated rates of cardiopulmonary illnesses. As public health activities emphasize the paramount need to reduce exposure, it is crucial to examine strategies like the antioxidant diet that could potentially protect individuals who are unavoidably exposed.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to March 31, 2023, for clinical trials assessing dietary supplements against cardiovascular (blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, brachial artery diameter, flow-mediated dilation, and lipid profile) or pulmonary outcomes (pulmonary function and airway inflammation) attributed to air pollution exposure.
RESULTS
After reviewing 4681 records, 18 studies were included. There were contradictory findings on the effects of fish oil and olive oil supplementations on cardiovascular outcomes. Although with limited evidence, fish oil offered protection against pulmonary dysfunction induced by pollutants. Most studies on vitamin C did not find protective cardiovascular effects; however, the combination of vitamin C and E offered protective effects against pulmonary dysfunction but showed conflicting results for cardiovascular outcomes. Other supplements like sulforaphane, L-arginine, n-acetylcysteine, and B vitamins showed potential beneficial effects but need further research due to the limited number of existing trials.
CONCLUSIONS
Although more research is needed to determine the efficacy and optimal dose of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant dietary supplements against air pollution toxicity, this low-cost preventative strategy has the potential to offer protection against outcomes of air pollution exposure.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Supplements; Air Pollution; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Fish Oils; Ascorbic Acid
PubMed: 38870164
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304402 -
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Jun 2024Non-surgical therapeutics to reconstruct lost interdental papilla are evolving; these include hyaluronic acid injection. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate...
OBJECTIVE
Non-surgical therapeutics to reconstruct lost interdental papilla are evolving; these include hyaluronic acid injection. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of hyaluronic acid injection in the treatment of black triangles and reconstruction of lost interdental papilla in anterior teeth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023446875) and in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 'PRISMA'. The search involved four databases, PubMed/MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ProQuest for ''grey literature' with additional manual search for studies published up to May 2024. Human clinical studies of a prospective nature (randomised clinical trials and prospective cohort studies) were included. Exclusion criteria were case reports, case series, review articles, letter to editor, personal opinion, and animal studies. Furthermore, studies which utilised hyaluronic acid injection in conjunction with other therapeutic material, tissue graft, or any surgical procedure were also excluded. The data were extracted independently by the two authors and incorporated after consensus. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2: the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised clinical trials and the Newcastle Ottawa scale for prospective cohort studies.
RESULTS
24 studies, 15 prospective clinical studies and nine randomised clinical trials, were included with a total of 898 interdental papillae injected with hyaluronic acid. The studies showed promising outcomes in the reconstruction of lost interdental papilla with minimal adverse reactions. Risk of bias assessment among prospective clinical studies revealed 13 good quality studies with only two poor studies while the randomised clinical trials consisted of three with low, one with some concern, and five studies with high risk of bias. However, due to the high heterogeneity, a meta-analysis was not feasible. Conclusion: Hyaluronic acid injection is an effective minimally invasive approach in treating black triangles and reconstructing lost interdental papilla in the anterior teeth. Further long-term well-designed randomised clinical trials employing standardised procedures are essential to validate this treatment and provide better quality of evidence.
Topics: Hyaluronic Acid; Humans; Dental Papilla
PubMed: 38864684
DOI: 10.2340/aos.v83.40864 -
IET Nanobiotechnology 2024This study followed the PRISMA reporting guidelines to present the results. A comprehensive search was performed on electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of... (Review)
Review
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study followed the PRISMA reporting guidelines to present the results. A comprehensive search was performed on electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Science Direct. Initially, 413 articles were retrieved. After removing duplicates and applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were finally included in this systematic review.
RESULTS
The reviewed studies showed that selenium nanoparticles had anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. They effectively protected the kidneys, liver, and testicles from damage. Furthermore, there was evidence of efficient radioprotection for the organs examined without significant side effects.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review emphasizes the potential advantages of using selenium nanoparticles to prevent the negative effects of ionizing radiation. Importantly, these protective effects were achieved without causing noticeable side effects. These findings suggest the potential role of selenium nanoparticles as radioprotective agents, offering possible therapeutic applications to reduce the risks related to ionizing radiation exposure in medical imaging and radiotherapy procedures.
Topics: Selenium; Radiation-Protective Agents; Animals; Humans; Antioxidants; Nanoparticles; Metal Nanoparticles; Radiation Injuries
PubMed: 38863968
DOI: 10.1049/2024/5538107