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Disease Markers 2022Recent studies have shown that nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) is related to cancer development, proliferation, invasion,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Recent studies have shown that nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) is related to cancer development, proliferation, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. The prognostic value of NOX4 expression although has been reported in various cancers, it remains unclear as several studies have reported conflicting results. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the prognostic value of NOX4 expression in cancer patients.
METHOD
Appropriate studies were collected by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases, and the prognostic value of NOX4 expression in cancer patients was assessed through a meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Nine eligible studies involving 2675 cancer patients were included in this meta-analysis. We found that NOX4 expression is related to prognosis in cancer patients. In particular, high expression of NOX4 was significantly associated with overall survival in patients with gastrointestinal cancer (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-2.42, < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
NOX4 expression is significantly correlated with overall survival in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, indicating that it could be a potential prognostic marker.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; NADPH Oxidase 4; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Survival Rate
PubMed: 35265227
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8567642 -
International Journal of Biological... Mar 2022Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nano-scale particles that are morphologically similar to a live virus but which lack a genetic component. Since the pandemic spread of...
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nano-scale particles that are morphologically similar to a live virus but which lack a genetic component. Since the pandemic spread of COVID-19, much focus has been placed on coronavirus (CoV)-related VLPs. CoVs contain four structural proteins, though the minimum requirement for VLP formation differs among virus species. CoV VLPs are commonly produced in mammalian and insect cell systems, sometimes in the form of chimeric VLPs that enable surface display of CoV epitopes. VLPs are an ideal model for virological research and have been applied as vaccines and diagnostic reagents to aid in clinical disease control. This review summarizes and updates the research progress on the characteristics of VLPs from different known CoVs, mainly focusing on assembly, in vitro expression systems for VLP generation, VLP chimerism, protein-based nanoparticles and their applications in basic research and clinical settings, which may aid in development of novel VLP vaccines against emerging coronavirus diseases such as SARS-CoV-2.
Topics: Animals; Chimerism; Coronavirus; Epitopes; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle; Viral Proteins; Virus Assembly
PubMed: 35065135
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.108 -
PloS One 2022SHP2 is a latent biomarker for predicting the survivals of solid tumors. However, the current researches were controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis is necessary to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
SHP2 is a latent biomarker for predicting the survivals of solid tumors. However, the current researches were controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis is necessary to assess the prognosis of SHP2 on tumor patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Searched in PubMed, EMBASE and web of science databases for published studies until Jun 20, 2021. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the affect of SHP2 in clinical stages, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in tumor patients.
RESULTS
This study showed that the expression of SHP2 had no significant correlation with clinical stages (OR: 0.91; 95% CI, 0.60-1.38; P = 0.65), DFS (HR = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.58-1.34; P = 0.56) and OS (HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 0.79-1.45, P = 0.67), but the prognostic effect varied greatly with tumor sites. High SHP2 expression was positively related to early clinical stage in hepatocellular carcinoma, not associated with clinical stage in the most of solid tumors, containing laryngeal carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma and gastric carcinoma, etc. Higher expression of SHP2 could predict longer DFS in colorectal carcinoma, while predict shorter DFS in hepatocellular carcinoma. No significant difference was observed in DFS for non-small cell lung carcinoma and thyroid carcinoma. Higher SHP2 expression was distinctly related to shorter OS in pancreatic carcinoma and laryngeal carcinoma. The OS of the other solid tumors was not significantly different.
CONCLUSIONS
The prognostic value of SHP2 might not equivalent in different tumors. The prognostic effect of SHP2 is highly influenced by tumor sites.
Topics: Disease-Free Survival; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; Survival Rate
PubMed: 35061863
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262931 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2022Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a highly increased risk of cardiovascular complications, with increased vascular inflammation, accelerated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a highly increased risk of cardiovascular complications, with increased vascular inflammation, accelerated atherogenesis and enhanced thrombotic risk. Considering the central role of the endothelium in protecting from atherogenesis and thrombosis, as well as its cardioprotective role in regulating vasorelaxation, this study aimed to systematically integrate literature on CKD-associated endothelial dysfunction, including the underlying molecular mechanisms, into a comprehensive overview. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of literature describing uremic serum or uremic toxin-induced vascular dysfunction with a special focus on the endothelium. This revealed 39 studies analyzing the effects of uremic serum or the uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate, cyanate, modified LDL, the advanced glycation end products N-carboxymethyl-lysine and N-carboxyethyl-lysine, p-cresol and p-cresyl sulfate, phosphate, uric acid and asymmetric dimethylarginine. Most studies described an increase in inflammation, oxidative stress, leukocyte migration and adhesion, cell death and a thrombotic phenotype upon uremic conditions or uremic toxin treatment of endothelial cells. Cellular signaling pathways that were frequently activated included the ROS, MAPK/NF-κB, the Aryl-Hydrocarbon-Receptor and RAGE pathways. Overall, this review provides detailed insights into pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in CKD. Targeting these pathways may provide new therapeutic strategies reducing increased the cardiovascular risk in CKD.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Disease Susceptibility; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Endothelial Cells; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Signal Transduction; Uremic Toxins
PubMed: 35008960
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010531 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2021Emerging evidence shows that Homeobox () genes are important in carcinogenesis, and their dysregulation has been linked with metastatic potential and poor prognosis....
Emerging evidence shows that Homeobox () genes are important in carcinogenesis, and their dysregulation has been linked with metastatic potential and poor prognosis. This review (PROSPERO-CRD42020190953) aims to systematically investigate the role of genes as biomarkers in CRC and the impact of their modulation on tumour growth and progression. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were searched for eligible studies exploring two research questions: (a) the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of HOX dysregulation in patients with CRC and (b) the functional role of genes in CRC progression. Twenty-five studies enrolling 3003 CRC patients, showed that aberrant expression of HOX proteins was significantly related to tumour depth, nodal invasion, distant metastases, advanced stage and poor prognosis. A post-hoc meta-analysis on HOXB9 showed that its overexpression was significantly associated with the presence of distant metastases (pooled OR 4.14, 95% CI 1.64-10.43, I = 0%, = 0.003). Twenty-two preclinical studies showed that HOX proteins are crucially related to tumour growth and metastatic potential by affecting cell proliferation and altering the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition modulators. In conclusion, HOX proteins may play vital roles in CRC progression and are associated with overall survival. HOXB9 may be a critical transcription factor in CRC.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genes, Neoplasm; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Proteins
PubMed: 34948228
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413429 -
Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt... 2021Since protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is abnormally expressed in various tumors, in this study we aim to assess the association between PRMT5 and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
Since protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is abnormally expressed in various tumors, in this study we aim to assess the association between PRMT5 and clinicopathological and prognostic features.
METHODS
Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library were searched until July 25, 2021. The critical appraisal of the eligible studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated to assess the effect. Engauge Digitizer version 12.1, STATA version 15.1, and R version 4.0.5 were used to obtain and analysis the data.
RESULTS
A total of 32 original studies covering 15,583 patients were included. In our data, it indicated that high level of PRMT5 was significantly correlated with advanced tumor stage (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.22-3.70, =.008; = 80.7%) and positively correlated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.46-1.73, < .001; = 50%) and progression-free survival (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.24-1.88, < .001; = 0%). In addition, sub-group analysis showed that high level of PRMT5 was associated with poor overall survival for such 5 kinds of cancers as hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, and lung cancer.
CONCLUSION
For the first time we found PRMT5 was pan-cancerous as a prognostic biomarker and high level of PRMT5 was associated with poor prognosis for certain cancers.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms; Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 34758643
DOI: 10.1177/10732748211050583 -
Microbial Cell Factories Oct 2021Recombinant enzyme expression in Escherichia coli is one of the most popular methods to produce bulk concentrations of protein product. However, this method is often...
Recombinant enzyme expression in Escherichia coli is one of the most popular methods to produce bulk concentrations of protein product. However, this method is often limited by the inadvertent formation of inclusion bodies. Our analysis systematically reviews literature from 2010 to 2021 and details the methods and strategies researchers have utilized for expression of difficult to express (DtE), industrially relevant recombinant enzymes in E. coli expression strains. Our review identifies an absence of a coherent strategy with disparate practices being used to promote solubility. We discuss the potential to approach recombinant expression systematically, with the aid of modern bioinformatics, modelling, and 'omics' based systems-level analysis techniques to provide a structured, holistic approach. Our analysis also identifies potential gaps in the methods used to report metadata in publications and the impact on the reproducibility and growth of the research in this field.
Topics: Biotechnology; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression; Inclusion Bodies; Industrial Microbiology; Recombinant Proteins; Research Design; Solubility
PubMed: 34717620
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01698-w -
Biomarkers in Medicine Nov 2021A comprehensive meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the association between high PARP1 expression and clinical outcomes in diverse types of cancers. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A comprehensive meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the association between high PARP1 expression and clinical outcomes in diverse types of cancers. The electronic databases for all articles about PARP1 expression and cancers were searched. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis was utilized to validate the results of the meta-analysis. Fifty-two studies with a total of 7140 patients were included in the current meta-analysis. High PARP1 expression was found to be significantly associated with poor overall survival and recurrence in various cancers, which were further strengthened and complemented by the results of bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, increased PAPR1 expression was also related to clinicopathological features. Our findings confirmed that PARP1 might be a promising biomarker for prognosis in human cancers.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Disease-Free Survival; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; Survival Rate
PubMed: 34651514
DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0891 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2021Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main causes of vision loss in middle-aged economically active people. Modifiable (i.e., hyperglycaemia, hypertension,...
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main causes of vision loss in middle-aged economically active people. Modifiable (i.e., hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, and cigarette smoke) and non-modifiable factors (i.e., duration of diabetes, puberty, pregnancy and genetic susceptibility) are involved in the development of DR. Epigenetic mechanisms, modulating the oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and aging, could influence the course of DR. Herein, we conducted a systematic review of observational studies investigating how epigenetics affects type 2 diabetes retinopathy (T2DR). A total of 23 epidemiological studies were included: 14 studies focused on miRNA, 4 studies on lnc-RNA, one study on both miRNA and lnc-RNA, and 4 studies on global or gene-specific DNA methylation. A direct relation between the dysregulation of miR-21, miR-93, and miR-221 and FPG, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR was identified. A panel of three miRNAs (hsa-let-7a-5p, hsa-miR-novel-chr5_15976, and hsa-miR-28-3p) demonstrated a good sensitivity and specificity for predicting T2DR. Little evidence is available regarding the possible role of the long non-coding dysregulation and gene promoter hypermethylation. Despite these initial, encouraging findings potentially suggesting a role of epigenetics in T2DR, the use in clinical practice for the diagnosis and staging of this complication encounters several difficulties and further targeted investigations are still necessary.
Topics: DNA Methylation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Epigenesis, Genetic; Humans; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); MicroRNAs; Promoter Regions, Genetic; RNA, Long Noncoding
PubMed: 34638838
DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910502 -
Reproductive Biomedicine Online Nov 2021Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial reproductive and endocrine disease, believed to be caused by aberrant steroid biosynthesis pathways involving... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial reproductive and endocrine disease, believed to be caused by aberrant steroid biosynthesis pathways involving cytochrome P450, 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between CYP17A1 polymorphism rs743572 and PCOS risk. Studies on the CYP17A1 gene were retrieved by searching PubMed, Embase and Web of Science and statistical analyses were performed by STATA software. Fifteen eligible studies were included, dated from January 1994 to 19 November 2020, involving 2277 patients with PCOS and 1913 control individuals. Overall, the results showed that the rs743572 T>C mutation was most likely to be associated with PCOS risk under the recessive model, which was further confirmed by heterogeneity analysis and publication bias detection (CC versus CT + TT, odds ratio [OR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.50, P = 0.028, I² = 35.9%). Moreover, subgroup analysis by ethnicity demonstrated that Caucasian but not Asian women carrying the CC genotype of rs743572 had an elevated risk of PCOS (CC versus CT + TT, OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.03-2.06, P = 0.035, I² = 15.10%, six studies). In conclusion, rs743572 is highly likely to be a risk factor for PCOS, and the mutant genotype CC may increase susceptibility to PCOS in Caucasians rather than Asians.
Topics: Asian People; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase; White People
PubMed: 34538754
DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.06.012