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Chinese Journal of Traumatology =... Apr 2019The clinical treatment of joint contracture due to immobilization remains difficult. The pathological changes of muscle tissue caused by immobilization-induced joint...
The clinical treatment of joint contracture due to immobilization remains difficult. The pathological changes of muscle tissue caused by immobilization-induced joint contracture include disuse skeletal muscle atrophy and skeletal muscle tissue fibrosis. The proteolytic pathways involved in disuse muscle atrophy include the ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent pathway, caspase system pathway, matrix metalloproteinase pathway, Ca-dependent pathway and autophagy-lysosomal pathway. The important biological processes involved in skeletal muscle fibrosis include intermuscular connective tissue thickening caused by transforming growth factor-β1 and an anaerobic environment within the skeletal muscle leading to the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. This article reviews the progress made in understanding the pathological processes involved in immobilization-induced muscle contracture and the currently available treatments. Understanding the mechanisms involved in immobilization-induced contracture of muscle tissue should facilitate the development of more effective treatment measures for the different mechanisms in the future.
Topics: Atrophy; Autophagy; Calcium; Caspases; Connective Tissue; Contracture; Fibrosis; Humans; Immobilization; Joints; Lysosomes; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Muscle, Skeletal; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; Proteolysis; Signal Transduction; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Ubiquitin
PubMed: 30928194
DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2019.02.001 -
Neoplasma Nov 2018ADAMs are a family of transmembrane proteins described for the first time in the 1990's. ADAMs is an abbreviation of "A Disintegrin and Metallo-proteinases". Their...
ADAMs are a family of transmembrane proteins described for the first time in the 1990's. ADAMs is an abbreviation of "A Disintegrin and Metallo-proteinases". Their earliest known role was involvement in gamete fusion, and their adhesion properties in intercellular interactions also suggested involvement in tumor biology. Further research emphasized the importance of ADAM proteins in the regulation of neoplastic processes due to their influence on adhesion, cell migration, proteolysis and cell signaling. Variable ADAM expression in cancer and normal tissue was the basis for considering these proteins as diagnostic markers. Recent numerous studies have been published suggesting the prognostic value of this protein family members. The ADAMs transmembrane proteins regulate processes associated with carcinogenesis and neoplastic progression, including immune response evasion, growth induction and metastasis. Proteolysis and shedding of membrane proteins and binding integrins by ADAMs lead to the activation of numerous growth factors, changes in the extracellular matrix, adhesion proteins and angiogenesis. ADAMs potential as prognostic and diagnostic markers in cancer treatment is a particularly interesting issue and has great practical significance. There are many new studies concerning ADAMs' roles in carcinogenesis, but there are no recent reviews of the latest developments in this field. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the results of studies published on ADAMs in the last 5 years, to present their roles in neoplasm pathogenesis and their potential utility in clinical oncology.
Topics: ADAM Proteins; Carcinogenesis; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Prognosis
PubMed: 30334448
DOI: 10.4149/neo_2018_171220N832 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Aug 2018Tests to quantify fecal levels of chymotrypsin like elastase family member 3 (CELA3 or elastase-1) in feces are widely used to identify patients with exocrine pancreatic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Tests to quantify fecal levels of chymotrypsin like elastase family member 3 (CELA3 or elastase-1) in feces are widely used to identify patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). However, the diagnostic accuracy of this test, an ELISA, is not clear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the accuracy of measurement of fecal elastase-1 in detection of EPI.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Embase, and reference lists for articles through November 2016 describing studies that compared fecal level of elastase-1 with results from a reference standard, direct method (secretin stimulation test), or indirect method (measurement of fecal fat) for detection of EPI. Sensitivity and specificity values were pooled statistically using bivariate diagnostic meta-analysis.
RESULTS
We included total of 428 cases of EPI and 673 individuals without EPI (controls), from 14 studies, in the meta-analysis. The assay for elastase-1, compared to secretin stimulation test, identified patients with pancreatic insufficiency with a pooled sensitivity value of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.58-0.89) and specificity value of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.78-0.93). In an analysis of 345 cases of EPI and 312 controls, from 6 studies, the fecal elastase-1 assay identified patients with EPI with a pooled sensitivity value of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.79-0.99) and specificity value of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.59-0.97), compared to quantitative fecal fat estimation. In patients with low pre-test probability of EPI (5%), the fecal elastase-1 assay would have a false-negative rate of 1.1% and a false-positive rate of 11%, indicating a high yield in ruling out EPI but not in detection of EPI. In contrast, in patients with high pre-test probability of EPI (40%), approximately 10% of patients with EPI would be missed (false negatives).
CONCLUSIONS
In a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that compared fecal level of elastase-1 for detection of EPI, we found that normal level of elastase-1 (above 200 mcg/g) can rule out EPI in patients with a low probability of this disorder (such as those with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea). However, in these patients, an abnormal level of elastase-1 (below 200 mcg/g) has a high false-positive rate.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency; Feces; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Elastase; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult
PubMed: 29374614
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.01.027 -
Annals of Clinical and Laboratory... May 2017Aging of the population contributes to the increasing prevalence of heart failure. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process aiming to degrade both long-lived... (Review)
Review
Aging of the population contributes to the increasing prevalence of heart failure. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process aiming to degrade both long-lived proteins and damaged or excessive cyto-organelles via the lysosomal-mediated pathway. Although autophagy is involved in the normal homeostasis of cardiovascular cells, upregulation of autophagy and its abnormal modulation by inflammation may lead to cardiovascular functional decline and heart failure. Despite major improvements in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, heart failure remains one of the major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Here, we review the cardiovascular autophagy and its interplay with inflammation which may lead to heart failure exploring some potential treatment options.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Heart Failure; Humans; Inflammasomes; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mitophagy; Proteolysis
PubMed: 28667023
DOI: No ID Found -
Meat Science Oct 2017Consumers are the final step in the meat supply chain and meeting consumer expectations of quality and tenderness are important for satisfaction and repeat purchase.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Consumers are the final step in the meat supply chain and meeting consumer expectations of quality and tenderness are important for satisfaction and repeat purchase. High pressure processing, shockwaves, ultrasound, pulsed electric field and muscle stretching can be applied to pre- and post-rigor meat for tenderisation. These non-thermal and thermal innovative technologies can be used with varying levels of success to cause physical disruption to muscle structure, enhanced proteolysis and ageing and muscle protein denaturation and solubilisation resulting in changes to texture and juiciness. Results of a meta-analysis are used to compare the effects of these technologies on meat tenderisation. In the future, a combination of new and innovative technologies will be ideally suited to deliver a range of desired textures for meat products.
Topics: Animals; Food Quality; Food Technology; High-Energy Shock Waves; Livestock; Meat; Muscle Proteins; Poultry; Proteolysis; Ultrasonic Waves
PubMed: 28666558
DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.04.241 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... 2017Specific proteases capable of degrading native triple helical or denatured collagen have been required for many years and have a large spectrum of applications. There... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Specific proteases capable of degrading native triple helical or denatured collagen have been required for many years and have a large spectrum of applications. There are few complete reports that fully uncover production, characterization and purification of fungi collagenases. In this review, authors searched through four scientific on line data bases using the following keywords (collagenolytic OR collagenase) AND (fungi OR fungus OR fungal) AND (production OR synthesis OR synthesize) AND (characterization). Scientific criteria were adopted in this review to classify found articles by score (from 0 to 10). After exclusion criteria, 21 articles were selected. None obtained the maximum of 10 points defined by the methodology, which indicates a deficiency in studies dealing simultaneously with production, characterization and purification of collagenase by fungi. Among microorganisms studied the non-pathogenic fungi Penicillium aurantiogriseum and Rhizoctonia solani stood out in volumetric and specific collagenase activity. The only article found that made sequencing of a true collagenase showed 100% homology with several metalloproteinases fungi. A clear gap in literature about collagenase production by fungi was verified, which prevents further development in the area and increases the need for further studies, particularly full characterization of fungal collagenases with high specificity to collagen.
Topics: Collagen; Collagenases; Culture Media; Enzyme Activation; Fungi; Proteolysis; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 27756540
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.08.001 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Jan 2018Legume lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immune origin. Significant amounts of lectins have been found in Phaseolus vulgaris beans as far back as in the... (Review)
Review
Legume lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immune origin. Significant amounts of lectins have been found in Phaseolus vulgaris beans as far back as in the last century; however, many questions about their potential biological roles still remain obscure. Studies have shown that lectins are anti-nutritional factors that can cause intestinal disorders. Owing to their ability to act as toxic allergens and hemagglutinins, the Phaseolus vulgaris lectins are of grave concern for human health and safety. Nonetheless, their potential beneficial health effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV), anti-microbial infection, preventing mucosal atrophy, reducing type 2 diabetes and obesity, promoting nutrients absorption and targeting drugs, are of immense interest. The significance of Phaseolus vulgaris lectins in biological researches and the potential biomedical applications have placed tremendous emphasis on the development of purification strategies to obtain the protein in pure and stable forms. These purification strategies entail considerations such as effects of proteolysis, heating, gamma radiation, and high-hydrostatic-pressure that can have crucial outcomes in either eliminating or improving bioactivities of the lectins. Thus, up-to-date research findings of Phaseolus vulgaris lectins on different aspects such as anti-nutritional and health impacts, purification strategies and novel processing trends, are systematically reviewed.
Topics: Animals; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Diet; Digestion; Drug Stability; Female; Food Handling; Health Promotion; Humans; Immunity; Intestinal Diseases; Male; Phytohemagglutinins
PubMed: 26479307
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1096234