-
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Oct 2022Patients with odontogenic infections are commonly prescribed antimicrobials on an experiential base without knowing the precise microorganisms implicated. The aim of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Patients with odontogenic infections are commonly prescribed antimicrobials on an experiential base without knowing the precise microorganisms implicated. The aim of this systematic scoping review is to evaluate the prevalence and proportions of antimicrobial-resistant species in patients with odontogenic infections.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic scoping review of scientific evidence was accomplished involving different databases.
RESULTS
Eight randomized clinical trials and 13 prospective observational studies were included. These investigations analyzed 1506 patients. The species that showed higher levels of resistance included aerobic and facultative anaerobe such as , and . In obligate anaerobes sampled were Peptostreptococcos spp., Bacteroides spp., and Prevotella spp. Staphylococcus showed resistance to ampicillin, piperacillin, clindamycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, and penicillin. Streptococcus had resistance to metronidazole, clindamycin, doxycycline, penicillin, and amoxicillin. Peptostreptococcus spp. presented resistance to penicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, and cefalexin. Gram-negative microorganisms had resistance to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, and penicillin. Bacteroides spp. exhibited resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, and gentamicin. Prevotella spp. showed resistance to penicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, levofloxacin, and imipenem. Finally, Klebsiella spp. displayed resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, moxifloxacin, and cefalexin. Interestingly, one clinical trial showed that after therapy there was a reduction in sensitivity of 18% for azithromycin and 26% for spiramycin.
CONCLUSIONS
Most of the microorganisms had resistance to diverse groups of antimicrobials. Suitable antimicrobials must be prescribed founded on the microbial samples, culture susceptibility, and clinical progression of the odontogenic infection. Furthermore, it was observed high levels of resistance to antimicrobials that have been used in local and systemic therapy of oral cavity infections. A preponderance of anaerobic microorganisms over aerobic ones was observed. Antibiotic resistance, odontogenic infections, efficacy, microorganisms, scoping review.
PubMed: 36320675
DOI: 10.4317/jced.59830 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Sep 2022Globally, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) restricted the armamentarium of the health care providers against infectious diseases, mainly due to the emergence of multidrug... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Globally, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) restricted the armamentarium of the health care providers against infectious diseases, mainly due to the emergence of multidrug resistant. This review is aimed at providing contemporary bacterial profile and antimicrobial resistance pattern among pregnant women with significant bacteriuria.
METHODS
Electronic biomedical databases and indexing services such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched. Original records of research articles, available online from 2008 to 2021, addressing the prevalence of significant bacteriuria and AMR pattern among pregnant women and written in English were identified and screened. The relevant data were extracted from included studies using a format prepared in Microsoft Excel and exported to STATA 14.0 software for the outcome measure analyses and subgrouping.
RESULTS
The data of 5894 urine samples from 20 included studies conducted in 8 regions of the country were pooled. The overall pooled estimate of bacteriuria was 15% (95% CI 13-17%, I = 77.94%, p < 0.001) with substantial heterogeneity. The pooled estimate of Escherichia coli recovered from isolates of 896 urine samples was 41% (95% CI 38-45%) followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococci, 22% (95% CI 18-26%), Staphylococcus aureus, 15% (95% CI 12-18%), Staphylococcus saprophytic, 12% (95% CI 6-18%) Proteus mirabilis, 7% (95% CI 4-10%), Enterococcus species, 6% (0-12%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4% (2-6%), Citrobacter species, 4% (95% CI 2-4%), Group B streptococcus, 3% (1-5%), and Enterobacter species, 2% (1-4%). Multidrug resistance proportions of E. coli, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative staphylococci, 83% (95% CI 76-91%), 78% (95% CI 66-90%), 89% (95% CI 83-96%), and 78% (95% CI 67-88%), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The result of current review revealed the occurrence of substantial bacteriuria among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Resistance among common bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella species, Staphylococci species) causing UTIs in pregnant women is widespread to commonly used antibiotics. The high rate of drug resistance in turn warrants the need for regular epidemiological surveillance of antibiotic resistance and implementation of an efficient infection control and stewardship program.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacteriuria; Coagulase; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 35032208
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06365-4 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2021Antibiotic resistance (ABR) restricts the armamentarium of health-care providers against infectious diseases due to the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR),... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) restricts the armamentarium of health-care providers against infectious diseases due to the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR), especially in Gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to determine pooled estimates of Gram-negative bacteria, their resistance profiles, and rates of MDR in patients with wound infection in Ethiopia.
METHODS
Electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched. Original articles, available online from 1988 to 2020, addressing the prevalence and resistance patterns of Gram-negative bacteria in patients with wound infection and written in English were screened. The data were extracted using a format prepared in Microsoft Excel and exported to STATA 14.0 for the outcome analyses.
RESULTS
The data of 15,647 wound samples, from 36 studies conducted in 5 regions of the country, were pooled. The overall pooled estimate of Gram-negative bacteria was 59% [95% CI: 52-65%, I = 96.41%, p < 0.001]. The pooled estimate of recovered from isolates of 5205 wound samples was 17% [95% CI: 14-20%], followed by , 11% [95% CI: 9-14%], , 11% [95% CI: 9-13%], , 8% [95% CI: 6-10%], Acinetobacter species, 4% [95% CI: 2-6%], Enterobacter species, 4% [95% CI: 3-5%], and Citrobacter species, 3% [95% CI: 2-4%]. Multidrug resistance prevalence estimates of , . , Citrobacter species, Enterobacter species and Acinetobacter species were 76% [95% CI: 66-86%], 84% [95% CI: 78-91%], 66% [95% CI:43-88%], 83% [95% CI:75-91%], 87% [95% CI:78-96%], 68% [95% CI:50-87%] and 71% [95% CI:46-96%], respectively.
CONCLUSION
There was high resistance in Gram-negative bacteria from wound specimens to commonly used antibiotics in Ethiopia. The data warrant the need of regular epidemiological surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and implementation of an efficient infection control program.
PubMed: 33542636
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S289687 -
Germs Sep 2020spp. are members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and are Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria known to mainly cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans. However,... (Review)
Review
spp. are members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and are Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria known to mainly cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans. However, even though scarce evidence exists suggesting their potential to cause infective endocarditis (IE), a study summarizing the existing evidence is lacking. The purpose of this study was to systemically review all published cases of IE by species in the literature. A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library (through 5 May 2020) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical and microbiological data as well as data on treatment and outcomes of IE by species was performed. A total of 16 studies, containing data of 16 patients, were included. A prosthetic valve was present in 25%, while the most common causative pathogen was . Aortic valve was the most common infected site in 33.3%, followed by mitral valve in 26.7%. Diagnosis was set with transesophageal echocardiography in 37.5%, and transthoracic echocardiography in 25%, while the diagnosis was set at autopsy in 25%. Fever and sepsis were present in 100% and 84.6%, respectively. Aminoglycosides and cephalosporins were the most common antimicrobials used for treatment. Clinical cure was noted in 62.5%, while overall mortality was 43.8%. This systematic review describes IE by species in detail and provides information on epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes.
PubMed: 33134201
DOI: 10.18683/germs.2020.1209 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2020Urinary tract infection is one of the most common health problems during pregnancy. It is most commonly reported among pregnant women and is a known reason of morbidity... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Urinary tract infection is one of the most common health problems during pregnancy. It is most commonly reported among pregnant women and is a known reason of morbidity during pregnancy worldwide, predominantly in developing countries. The etiological agents include and others. Different risk factors expose pregnant women to urinary tract infection. Drug resistance by uropathogenic bacteria is a current problem of the world. This study was aimed at reviewing the prevalence of bacterial uropathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among pregnant women in developing countries in Asia and Africa, during the past decade.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was accomplished to identify published studies between January 2005 and November 2016. The literature search strategy in this paper included searching PubMed, PMC, Science Direct, Springer open, Google scholar and BioMed Central databases.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of UTI among pregnant women was 13.5%. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from all eligible studies. Gram-negative bacteria (83.7%) accounted for majority of infections while Gram positives accounted for 15.9%. Among the isolated bacteria, was the most predominant uropathogen; it was shown to be present in all 26 eligible studies that were included in this review. Four studies from Africa and four from Asia were reviewed for antimicrobial resistance patterns of uropathogenic bacteria. In most of the regions, almost all the bacterial uropathogens had high resistance to ampicillin (67.2%) whereas all the strains showed relative sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (71.2%), nitrofurantoin (65%) and ceftriaxone (74.1%).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of UTI in the selected regions of the two continents is different. A significant prevalence of UTI among pregnant women is mainly observed in Africa and Asia. Uropathogenic bacteria showed resistance to antimicrobial drugs that are regularly used in developing countries. This may show the need to incorporate culture and drug susceptibility tests into the routine antenatal care for pregnant women and drug resistance should be monitored.
PubMed: 32547115
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S250654 -
Clinical Rheumatology Jul 2019Piriformis pyomyositis is a rare form of purulent skeletal myositis. As previous studies concerning piriformis pyomyositis had lower level of evidence and no systematic...
Piriformis pyomyositis is a rare form of purulent skeletal myositis. As previous studies concerning piriformis pyomyositis had lower level of evidence and no systematic review has been published yet, we performed a systematic search to review and describe causes, symptoms, red flags, and available treatment options for piriformis pyomyositis. Using PubMed and PubMed Central databases, we found 21 articles describing 23 cases of piriformis pyomyositis. Based on the retrieved information, alongside acute sciatica like buttock and/or hip pain, high-grade fever, aggressive deep seated gluteal pain, neurological deficit of sciatic nerve distribution, positive straight leg raising test, and raised inflammatory biomarkers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR, C-reactive protein, CRP) provide clues for diagnosis of piriformis pyomyositis. Some cases were very ill but no death was documented. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen, but Group A as well as Group β Streptococcus, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Brucella melitensis, and Escherichia coli were also involved in the disorder. To treat the piriformis pyomyositis, broad-spectrum antibiotics were found to be useful; however, sometimes, antibiotic switching was warranted based on blood and tissue aspirate reports. Drainage and/or surgical exploration of the affected piriformis muscle were required in cases where antibiotics appeared ineffective. Piriformis pyomyositis is a rara avis and performing of prospective studies will hardly be feasible.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Low Back Pain; Piriformis Muscle Syndrome; Pyomyositis; Sciatica; Staphylococcal Infections
PubMed: 31049761
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04552-y -
BMC Research Notes Aug 2018In this systematic review, we present the molecular epidemiology and knowledge gaps of the carbapenem resistance in East Africa as well as the future probable research...
OBJECTIVE
In this systematic review, we present the molecular epidemiology and knowledge gaps of the carbapenem resistance in East Africa as well as the future probable research interventions that can be used to address the emergence of carbapenem resistance in the region.
RESULTS
The 17 articles which presented concrete information about the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in East Africa were reviewed. Tanzania exhibited the highest level of carbapenem resistance at 35% while DRC had the lowest level at 0.96%. Uganda was the only country with studies documenting CR obtained amongst hospital environment isolates with incidence ranging from 21% in Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 55% in Acinetobacter baumannii. Carbapenem resistance was more exhibited in A. baumannii (23%), followed by P. aeruginosa (17%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%), Proteus mirabilis (14%) and Escherichia coli (12%) mainly isolated from respiratory tract, blood, urine and wound/pus. The regional genetic determinants of carbapenem resistance detected were blaIMP, blaVIM-1 blaSPM-l, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-23 blaOXA-24, blaOXA-58 and blaKPC.
Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Africa, Eastern; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbapenems; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 30170613
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3738-2 -
Laryngoscope Investigative... Jun 2018Otogenic brain abscesses are one of the most significant life-threatening complications of otologic infections. Given their low prevalence, otogenic brain abscesses...
OBJECTIVE
Otogenic brain abscesses are one of the most significant life-threatening complications of otologic infections. Given their low prevalence, otogenic brain abscesses require a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. In this systematic review, we aim to provide an analysis of otogenic brain abscesses and describe common clinical signs and symptoms, bacteriology, location, treatment options, morbidity, and mortality.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL database, Google Scholar, and Scopus.
METHODS
A systematic review of literature was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses recommendations. Variables assessed included clinical signs and symptoms, bacteriology, location, treatment, morbidity, and mortality.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria, corresponding to a total of 1307 otogenic abscess cases for review. Fifty-five percent of abscesses were found in the temporal lobe and 28% in the cerebellum. Most patients (88.3%) had a history of suppurative chronic otitis media. The most common symptoms were headache, altered mental status, papilledema, and meningeal irritation. Fever, nausea, and vomiting affected about 40% of patients. The most commonly cultured bacterial species was . In addition to antibiotics, most otogenic brain abscesses were treated by burr hole aspiration. Average mortality following advent of computed tomography was 8.11%.
CONCLUSION
Although rare, otogenic brain abscesses may occur as a complication of suppurative otitis media and require a high index of suspicion. Appropriate imaging studies and multidisciplinary expertise are crucial in the diagnosis and management.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
4.
PubMed: 30062135
DOI: 10.1002/lio2.150