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Psychiatry Research Jun 2024This review was performed to determine sleep disturbance prevalence in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL,... (Review)
Review
This review was performed to determine sleep disturbance prevalence in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception to January 20, 2024. Fifty-two studies fulfilling the eligibility criteria were included. However, six of these studies were excluded from data synthesis due to poor methodological quality. The subjective sleep disturbance prevalence among all individuals with MCI was 35.8 % (95 % CI: 31.9-39.7) across 44 studies, and the objective sleep disturbance prevalence was 46.3 % (95 % CI: 36.3-56.3) across 6 studies. Five studies examined TST and WASO, while three assessed SE. Among all potential objective assessments of sleep disturbance prevalence, only TST, WASO, and SE could be meta-analyzed in MCI because of the limited number of studies available. The estimated sleep disturbance prevalence differed significantly according to measurement method, geographical region, and research design. However, the data source did not significantly influence prevalence estimates. In meta-regression analysis, publication year, participant age, percentage of females, and study quality did not predict prevalence. As subjective and objective sleep disturbances are common in people with MCI, effective intervention strategies should be developed to alleviate them.
PubMed: 38964141
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116067 -
Acta Chirurgiae Orthopaedicae Et... 2024Vascularised bone grafting (VBG) and non-vascularised bone grafting (NVBG) are crucial biological reconstructive procedures extensively employed in the management of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Comparative Study
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Outcomes of Reconstruction with Vascularised vs Non-Vascularised Bone Graft after Surgical Resection of Primary Malignant and Non-Malignant Bone Tumors.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
Vascularised bone grafting (VBG) and non-vascularised bone grafting (NVBG) are crucial biological reconstructive procedures extensively employed in the management of bone tumours. The principal aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the post-resection outcomes associated with the utilisation of vascularised and non-vascularised bone grafts.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A comprehensive and systematic literature review spanning the years 2013 to 2023 was meticulously executed, utilising prominent online databases including PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria were restricted to comparative articles that specifically addressed outcomes pertaining to defect restoration following bone tumour resection via vascularised and non-vascularised bone grafting techniques. The quality of research methodologies was assessed using the Oxford Quality Scoring System for randomised trials and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for non-randomised comparative studies. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24. Key outcome measures encompassed the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society Score (MSTS), bone union duration, and the incidence of post-operative complications.
RESULTS
This analysis incorporated four clinical publications, enrolling a total of 178 participants (comprising 92 males and 86 females), with 90 patients subjected to VBG and 88 to NVBG procedures. The primary endpoints of interest encompassed MSTS scores and bone union durations. Although no statistically significant distinction was observed in the complication rates between the two cohorts, it is noteworthy that VBG exhibited a markedly superior bone union rate (P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Our systematic evaluation revealed that VBG facilitates expedited bone union, thereby contributing to accelerated patient recovery. Notably, complication rates and functional outcomes were comparable between the VBG and NVBG groups. Moreover, the correlation between bone union duration and functional scores following VBG and NVBG merits further investigation.
KEY WORDS
reconstruction techniques, vascularised bone grafting, non-vascularised bone grafting, bone tumor, resection.
Topics: Humans; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Transplantation; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38963892
DOI: 10.55095/achot2024/020 -
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical... Jul 2024Clinical pathways (CPWs) are structured care plans that set out essential steps in the care of patients with a specific clinical problem. Amidst calls for the... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
Clinical pathways (CPWs) are structured care plans that set out essential steps in the care of patients with a specific clinical problem. Amidst calls for the prioritisation of integrated mental and physical health care for young people, multidisciplinary CPWs have been proposed as a step towards closer integration. There is very limited evidence around CPWs for young people with mental and physical health needs, necessitating a review of the literature.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this review is to understand how clinical pathways have been used to deliver mental health support to children and young people with long-term physical health conditions and their effectiveness across a range of outcomes.
METHODS
The databases MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched from inception to 6 September 2023. Keywords linked to children and young people, mental health, long-term physical health conditions and CPWs were used. Studies using either quantitative or qualitative research designs were included. All studies must have evaluated a CPW to provide mental health support to children and young people (up to 25 years old) with long-term health physical conditions. Both mental and physical health outcomes were considered. Pathways were grouped by integration 'model' as described in the wider literature.
RESULTS
The initial search returned 4082 studies after deduplication. A total of eight studies detailing six distinct care pathways (232 participants [170 children and young people; 50 caregivers; 12 healthcare professionals]) met eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. Four pathways were conducted within an 'integrated model'; two were a combination of 'integrated' and 'colocated'; and none within a 'co-ordinated model'. Only pathways within an integrated model reported quantitative health outcomes, with improvements across a range of mental health measures. One negative physical health outcome was reported from an integrated diabetes pathway, but this should be interpreted with caution.
CONCLUSION
This review identified a range of CPW designs but most fell under an integrated model. The results suggest that calls for integrated mental health pathways in this population may be appropriate; however, conclusions are limited by a paucity of evidence.
PubMed: 38963879
DOI: 10.1111/jep.14018 -
Dermatitis : Contact, Atopic,... Jul 2024Herbal medicine is widely used for dermatological diseases, particularly atopic dermatitis. This study aims to systematically review existing literature on the efficacy... (Review)
Review
Herbal medicine is widely used for dermatological diseases, particularly atopic dermatitis. This study aims to systematically review existing literature on the efficacy of both topical and systemic herbal interventions for atopic dermatitis across various age groups. Conducting a comprehensive search on MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central) until April 12, 2023, only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The review is reported following the PRISMA guidelines and was conducted in accordance to Cochrane recommendations. Two authors independently extracted details, including demographics, medication, control/placebo groups, outcomes, adverse events, and results, with quality assessment using the Cochrane risk of bias tool 2.0. A meta-analysis, utilizing the random-effects model, was conducted, and publication bias was assessed through funnel plot inspection. The quality of evidence adhered to GRADE working group recommendations. The primary focus was evaluating atopic dermatitis or pruritus severity. The review encompassed 51 RCTs (3763 participants). Of these, 31 RCTs explored 19 distinct herbs and five complex remedies, whereas 20 RCTs (1088 participants) specifically investigated evening primrose oil (EPO). Herbs such as sunflower, licorice, figs, coconut, EPO, indigo naturalis, licorice, mauve, St. John's wort, and a combination of aloe vera and olive oil were found to have evidence of efficacy in the local treatment of atopic dermatitis. A meta-analysis on systemic used EPO, involving 13 RCTs, found no significant difference in atopic dermatitis severity compared with placebo (SMD: 0.14; 95% CI [-0.45; 0.73], 13 RCTs). In conclusion, this review provides a nuanced perspective on herbal substance efficacy for atopic dermatitis. While the EPO meta-analysis failed to show a discernible benefit beyond placebo, individual herbal preparations showed promising results in RCTs included in this review. Nevertheless, larger, methodologically rigorous studies are essential to establish evidence for herbal remedies in atopic dermatitis treatment.
PubMed: 38963342
DOI: 10.1089/derm.2024.0132 -
The Australian Journal of Rural Health Jul 2024To systematically compare the global prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and care-seeking in rural and urban populations. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
To systematically compare the global prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and care-seeking in rural and urban populations.
METHODS
A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies reporting a direct comparison of rural and urban populations was conducted worldwide and included back, knee, hip, shoulder, neck pain and a broad diagnosis of 'musculoskeletal pain'. A search strategy combining terms related to 'prevalence', 'musculoskeletal pain' and 'rural' was used on the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and rural and remote health from their inception to 1 June 2022. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the data. Results were presented as odds ratios (OR) along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
RESULTS
A total of 42 studies from 24 countries were included with a total population of 489 439 participants. The quality scores for the included studies, using the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale tool, showed an average score of 0.78/1, which represents an overall good quality. The pooled analysis showed statistically greater odds of hip (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.23-2.15), shoulder (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.06-1.90) and overall musculoskeletal pain (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.08-1.47) in rural populations compared to urban populations. Although the odds of seeking treatment were higher in rural populations this relationship was not statistically significant (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.55-1.03).
CONCLUSION
Very low-certainty evidence suggests that musculoskeletal, hip and shoulder pain are more prevalent in rural than urban areas, although neck, back and knee pain, along with care-seeking, showed no significant difference between these populations. Strategies aimed to reduce the burden of musculoskeletal pain should consider the specific needs and limited access to quality evidence-based care for musculoskeletal pain of rural populations.
PubMed: 38963186
DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13161 -
Reviews on Environmental Health Jul 2024Solid fuel use is increasingly linked to low birth weight (LBW), but conclusions were inconsistent. We aimed to summarize the association between solid fuel use and LBW.... (Review)
Review
Solid fuel use is increasingly linked to low birth weight (LBW), but conclusions were inconsistent. We aimed to summarize the association between solid fuel use and LBW. Twenty-one studies that met the inclusion criteria were identified through PubMed, Qvid Medline, and Web of Science databases. The final search occurred on March 20, 2024. Summary relative effect and 95 % confidence intervals were estimated with a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity and to test the stability of the results. Nineteen studies evaluated the association between solid fuel use in pregnant woman and LBW (1.188 for solid fuels: 1.055 to 1.322). No significant heterogeneity was identified among the included studies (p=0.010, Tau=0.02, I=48.1 %). Subgroup analysis found positive correlations for Asia, data years prior to 2014, and rural studies (1.245 for Asia: 1.077 to 1.412; Tau=0.03, I=56.0 %; 1.243 for data years prior to 2014: 1.062 to 1.424; Tau=0.04, I=60.98 %; 1.514 for rural: 1.258 to 1.771; Tau=0.00, I=0.0 %). Our meta-analysis showed that solid fuel use in pregnant women had an impact on LBW. Measures and policies are also needed to promote energy conversion and to limit and reduce the use of solid fuels.
PubMed: 38963124
DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2024-0055 -
The Journal of School Health Jul 2024Social-emotional learning (SEL) and physical activity (PA) are beneficial for adolescent development. This review aims to describe educational programs that promote SEL... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Social-emotional learning (SEL) and physical activity (PA) are beneficial for adolescent development. This review aims to describe educational programs that promote SEL and PA simultaneously among adolescents.
METHODS
A search was conducted using electronic databases in 2023 (eg, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ERIC) eliciting 5226 articles. Studies were included (n = 5) if they: (1) evaluated a program that promotes both SEL and PA among adolescents; (2) included adolescents aged 10-19 years old; (3) reported outcomes related to SEL and PA; (4) used a quasi-experimental or experimental design; (5) were published in English within the last 25 years.
RESULTS
Results were mixed, with some studies showing impacts on both SEL skills and PA, while others showed benefits for SEL only. Across different programs and measures, integrative SEL and PA interventions demonstrated modest effects, indicating potential but highlighting the need for more research on optimal implementation to improve adolescent well-being.
CONCLUSIONS
These studies highlighted the importance of combining SEL with PA during in-school and out-of-school settings.
PubMed: 38962813
DOI: 10.1111/josh.13486 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024To identify and describe the impact of current oral health education programmes provided to patients in cardiology hospital wards and outpatient clinics. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify and describe the impact of current oral health education programmes provided to patients in cardiology hospital wards and outpatient clinics.
METHODS
This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews statement. Searches were conducted using electronic databases: Cochrane, Medline, and Scopus, as well as grey literature searching.
RESULTS
Three eligible studies were identified. All included studies reported generalised poor oral health in their participants at baseline, with significant improvement at follow-up. They all reported significant reductions in plaque deposits and gingival bleeding. One study reported significantly less bacteria on participant tongues, as well as fewer days with post-operative atrial fibrillation in the intervention group. Furthermore, in this study, one patient in the intervention group developed pneumonia, whilst four patients in the control group did.
CONCLUSION
Oral health education for patients with cardiovascular disease is limited and many have poor oral health. Educational programmes to improve oral health behaviours in patients with cardiovascular disease can improve both oral and general health outcomes.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH
Oral disease is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Integrating oral health education into cardiology hospital settings is a simple strategy to improve access to oral health information and improve both oral and cardiovascular outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Oral Health; Cardiovascular Diseases; Hospitals; Patient Education as Topic; Oral Hygiene
PubMed: 38962771
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1389853 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Studies have shown that gut dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Identifying specific gut microbiota dysbiosis may provide... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Studies have shown that gut dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Identifying specific gut microbiota dysbiosis may provide insight into the pathogenesis of T2DM.
PURPOSE
This study investigated the causal relationship between gut microbiota and T2DM using meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization (MR).
METHODS
In the first part, we searched for literature on gut microbiota and T2DM, and conducted a meta-analysis. We observed differences in glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose levels in both groups. Second, we obtained GWAS data from genome-wide association study database 19 (GWAS). We used two-sample MR analysis to verify the forward and reverse causal associations between gut microbiota and T2DM. Additionally, we selected the European GWAS data from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) as a validation set for external validation of the MR analysis. In the third part, we aimed to clarify which gut microbiota contribute to the degree of causal association between group disorders and T2DM through multivariate MR analysis and Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA).
RESULTS
1. According to the meta-analysis results, the glycated hemoglobin concentration in the gut probiotic intervention group was significantly lower than in the control group. Following treatment, fasting blood glucose levels in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group. 2. The results of two samples MR analysis revealed that there were causal relationships between six gut microbiota and T2DM. and were negatively correlated with T2DM. and were positively correlated. Reverse MR analysis demonstrated that T2DM and gut microbiota did not have any reverse causal relationship. The external validation data set showed a causal relationship between gut microbiota and T2DM. 3. Multivariate MR analysis and MR-BMA results showed that the independent collection had the largest PP.
CONCLUSION
Our research results suggest that gut microbiota is closely related to T2DM pathogenesis. The results of further MR research and an analysis of the prediction model indicate that a variety of gut microbiota disorders, including , are causally related to the development of T2DM. The findings of this study may provide some insight into the diagnosis and treatment of T2DM.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Genome-Wide Association Study; Dysbiosis; Blood Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; Probiotics
PubMed: 38962766
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1342313 -
Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, African Journals Online, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases for studies conducted up to March...
METHODS
We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, African Journals Online, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases for studies conducted up to March 1, 2023, that estimated the prevalence of HBV in Tanzania based on HBV surface antigen measurements. The DerSimonian-Laird random effects model was used to estimate the overall prevalence of HBV with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential sources of heterogeneity were also investigated.
RESULTS
Thirty-one studies with a total sample size of 37,988 were included in the meta-analysis. The overall average HBV prevalence estimate in Tanzania was 6.91% (95% CI = 5.18-8.86%). Subgroup analysis revealed the highest prevalence in the northern zone (9.32%, 95% CI; 2.24-20.36%), among the blood donors (18.72%, 95% CI: 17.43-20.05%) and among the community volunteers (8.76%, 95% CI: 4.55-14.15%). The lowest prevalence was observed in the lake zone at 4.66% (95% CI: 3.49-5.99) and in pregnant women at 4.72% (95% CI: 3.42-6.21). The overall between-study variability showed significant heterogeneity ( = 97.41%, < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results showed that Tanzania is a country with moderately high HBV endemicity, with large interregional differences and significantly high numbers of HBV infections within the community. This underscores the need for immediate development of targeted prevention strategies and further epidemiological studies to better understand the pattern of the disease.
PubMed: 38962495
DOI: 10.1155/2024/4178240