-
Nutrients Nov 2021Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder common from childhood to adulthood, affecting 5% to 12% among the general population in...
UNLABELLED
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder common from childhood to adulthood, affecting 5% to 12% among the general population in developed countries. Potential etiological factors have been identified, including genetic causes, environmental elements and epigenetic components. Nutrition is currently considered an influencing factor, and several studies have explored the contribution of restriction and dietary supplements in ADHD treatments. Iron is an essential cofactor required for a number of functions, such as transport of oxygen, immune function, cellular respiration, neurotransmitter metabolism (dopamine production), and DNA synthesis. Zinc is also an essential trace element, required for cellular functions related to the metabolism of neurotransmitters, melatonin, and prostaglandins. Epidemiological studies have found that iron and zinc deficiencies are common nutritional deficits worldwide, with important roles on neurologic functions (poor memory, inattentiveness, and impulsiveness), finicky appetite, and mood changes (sadness and irritability). Altered levels of iron and zinc have been related with the aggravation and progression of ADHD.
OBJECTIVE
This is a systematic review focused on the contribution of iron and zinc in the progression of ADHD among children and adolescents, and how therapies including these elements are tolerated along with its effectiveness (according to PRISMA guidelines).
METHOD
The scientific literature was screened for randomized controlled trials published between January 2000 to July 2021. The databases consulted were Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality and risk of bias (CONSORT, NICE, and Cochrane checklists used).
CONCLUSION
Nine studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected. Evidence was obtained regarding the contribution of iron-zinc supplementation in the treatment of ADHD among young individuals. The discussion was focused on how the deficits of these elements contribute to affectation on multiple ADHD correlates, and potential mechanisms explaining the mediational pathways. Evidence also suggested that treating ADHD with diet interventions might be particularly useful for specific subgroups of children and adolescents, but further investigations of the effects of these diet interventions are needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Dietary Supplements; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Zinc
PubMed: 34836314
DOI: 10.3390/nu13114059 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2021Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic construct defined as the inability to regulate the intensity and quality of emotions (such as, fear, anger, sadness),...
Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic construct defined as the inability to regulate the intensity and quality of emotions (such as, fear, anger, sadness), in order to generate an appropriate emotional response, to handle excitability, mood instability, and emotional overreactivity, and to come down to an emotional baseline. Because ED has not been defined as a clinical entity, and because ED plays a major role in child and adolescent psychopathology, we decided to summarize current knowledge on this topic based on a narrative review of the current literature. This narrative review is based on a literature search of peer-reviewed journals. We searched the databases ERIC, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX on June 2, 2020 for peer reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2020 in English language for the preschool, school, and adolescent age (2-17 years) using the following search terms: "emotional dysregulation" OR "affect dysregulation," retrieving 943 articles. The results of the literature search are presented in the following sections: the relationship between ED and psychiatric disorders (ADHD, Mood Disorders, Psychological Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Non-suicidal Self-Injury, Eating Disorders, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Disruptive Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Personality Disorders, Substance Use Disorder, Developmental Disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Psychosis and Schizophrenia, and Gaming Disorder), prevention, and treatment of ED. Basic conditions of ED are genetic disposition, the experience of trauma, especially sexual or physical abuse, emotional neglect in childhood or adolescence, and personal stress. ED is a complex construct and a comprehensive concept, aggravating a number of various mental disorders. Differential treatment is mandatory for individual and social functioning.
PubMed: 34759846
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.628252 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Jan 2022Major depressive disorder is characterized by a depressed mood or feeling of sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities. Depressed individuals have a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Major depressive disorder is characterized by a depressed mood or feeling of sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities. Depressed individuals have a cognitive impairment, low self-esteem, difficulty making decisions, feeling helpless and hopeless. The factors that have been associated with depression include the lack of social support, living in rural areas, suffering from chronic diseases, smoking, and alcohol abuse. This study aimed to investigate the global prevalence of major depressive disorder in the elderly.
METHOD
The electronic database such as Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, SID, PubMed, Google Scholar, Mag Iran, and IranDoc were systematically searched for studies reporting the prevalence of major depressive disorderin the elderly published up to March 2021. Meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Heterogeneity between the studies was evaluated using the I index. Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation test was used to assess publication bias.
RESULT
A total of 20 studies involving 18953 participants were included in this study. The global prevalence of major depression in the elderly was 13.3 % (95 % CI: 8.4-20.3 %). In the subgroup analysis, the prevalence of major depression in elderly women was 11.9 % (95 % CI: 7.6-18.6) and men 9.7 % (95 % CI: 5.2-17.3). No comparison was made between the two sexes, but based on the confidence intervals and large overlap, the two groups are not statistically different. Among continents, Australia had the highest prevalence of major depression in the elderly at 20.1 % (CI: 14.5-27.2 %). This was followed by Europe at 12.9 % (95 % CI: 5.1-28.9 %).
CONCLUSION
Major depressive disorder has a growing trend in the elderly population of the world. The prevalence of major depression in the elderly depends on various clinical and demographic factors such as age and gender. Therefore, mental health and the quality of life (QoL) of the elderly are important. The present study emphasizes the importance of social support in mental health that can reduce depression in the elderly.
Topics: Aged; Depressive Disorder, Major; Europe; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Quality of Life
PubMed: 34742925
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.041 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Sep 2021The uncertainties about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the change in routine, lifestyles and the reduction of physical contact can cause stress, anxiety, emotional...
BACKGROUND
The uncertainties about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the change in routine, lifestyles and the reduction of physical contact can cause stress, anxiety, emotional overload, poor sleep and even physical health complications.
AIM
To evaluate the scientific publications available on the relationship between COVID-19 and anxiety experienced in the general population, during the period of social isolation, adopted by governmental organizations and public health policymakers as a measure to contain the spread of cases.
METHODS
A literature search was performed systematically exploring the PubMed and Medline databases using the following terms classified as MeSH descriptors: ("anxiety" AND "pandemic" AND "COVID-19"). For the search, in the - BVS, Science.gov, Web of Science and National Library platforms, the following keywords were used: ("anxiety" AND "coronavirus" AND "social isolation"). Thirty-seven peer-reviewed articles were found. PRISMA and the Downs & Black checklist were used for qualitative evaluation.
RESULTS
After applying the inclusion criteria, seven ( = 7) original scientific articles were selected. The collated evidence demonstrated increased levels of symptoms of anxiety and depression during the period of social isolation. The population between 21 to 40 years was most affected. The risk of severe depression was twice as high at the epicenter of the pandemic. Sleep quality was significantly impaired. Questions about politics, religion, and consumption of products from China were found to generate fear and anticipate probable changes in the pattern of post-pandemic consumption. Social isolation exacerbated feelings of extreme hopelessness, sadness, loneliness and suicidal ideation.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that there is a potential relationship between social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and symptoms of anxiety. It is important to note that the direct and indirect costs of not identifying the detrimental effects of this phenomenon and neglecting strategies for intervention could lead to a significant psychological burden on society in several aspects after social isolation.
PubMed: 34616809
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i25.7433 -
Journal of Nursing Management Jan 2022To synthesize and describe the emotional and psychological implications for healthcare professionals who provided care in a mass casualty incident or disaster. (Review)
Review
AIM
To synthesize and describe the emotional and psychological implications for healthcare professionals who provided care in a mass casualty incident or disaster.
BACKGROUND
The experience of healthcare providers immersed in the actual uncertainty of an ongoing disaster is real, challenging, complex and strongly connected with emotions. Identifying these implications for healthcare professionals is essential for developing strategies to help these professionals deliver high-quality care.
EVALUATION
A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Nursing & Allied Health Database and PsycINFO using published data until February 2021 and following the PRISMA guidelines.
KEY ISSUES
Nineteen articles were included. Factors associated with negative psychological implications were identified and different strategies have been synthesized to prevent or reduce them when caring for the victims of a disaster.
CONCLUSIONS
Feelings of sadness, helplessness, fear and blockage, among others, were identified as common reactions among nurses and other healthcare professionals dealing in mass casualties or disasters. These reactions may lead to post-traumatic disorder, turning professionals into hidden victims.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
Organizations, senior charge nurses and other health service managers need to foster resilience and flexibility among their workforce to improve self-care during a disaster, as well as ensure policies to address a lack of emotional preparedness among their personnel. Some strategies to consider include cognitive behavioural therapy, psychoeducation or meditation.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Emotions; Health Personnel; Humans; Mass Casualty Incidents; Psychosocial Support Systems
PubMed: 34590385
DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13474 -
Asian Journal of Psychiatry Nov 2021Auditory emotion recognition (AER) deficits refer to the abnormal identification and interpretation of tonal or prosodic features that transmit emotional information in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Auditory emotion recognition (AER) deficits refer to the abnormal identification and interpretation of tonal or prosodic features that transmit emotional information in sounds or speech. Evidence suggests that AER deficits are related to the pathology of schizophrenia. However, the effect size of the deficit in specific emotional category recognition in schizophrenia and its association with psychotic symptoms have never been evaluated through a meta-analysis.
METHODS
A systematic search for literature published in English or Chinese until November 30, 2020 was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsychINFO, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang and Weip Databases. AER differences between patients and healthy controls (HCs) were assessed by the standardized mean differences (SMDs). Subgroup analyses were conducted for the type of emotional stimuli and the diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders (Sch/SchA). Meta-regression analyses were performed to assess the influence of patients' age, sex, illness duration, antipsychotic dose, positive and negative symptoms on the study SMDs.
RESULTS
Eighteen studies containing 615 psychosis (Sch/SchA) and 488 HCs were included in the meta-analysis. Patients exhibited moderate deficits in recognizing the neutral, happy, sad, angry, fear, disgust, and surprising emotion. Neither the semantic information in the auditory stimuli nor the diagnosis subtype affected AER deficits in schizophrenia. Sadness, anger, and disgust AER deficits were each positively associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with schizophrenia have moderate AER deficits, which were associated with negative symptoms. Rehabilitation focusing on improving AER abilities may help improve negative symptoms and the long-term prognosis of schizophrenia.
Topics: Emotions; Facial Expression; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Recognition, Psychology; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 34482183
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102820 -
Iranian Journal of Public Health Dec 2020The objectives of this study were to review systematically the effects of grief-focused interventions, applied to dementia caregivers, on emotional burden including... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The objectives of this study were to review systematically the effects of grief-focused interventions, applied to dementia caregivers, on emotional burden including sadness and to provide baseline information for dementia caregivers to maintain mental health by identifying the effect size of intervention using a meta-analysis.
METHODS
We evaluated literature published from Jan 1, 2000, to Jun 28, 2019. Consequently, we selected five studies to conduct a systematic review. The Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields was used for conducting a quality assessment on the selected literature.
RESULTS
The results of the quality assessment showed that the score ranged from 11 to 24 points: one strong, one good, two adequate, and one limited. When the meta-mean was compared before and after grief intervention, the effect size of the random-effect model was 0.31 (95% CI: -0.07, 0.69) showed 'intermediate effect', but the confidence interval was not significant.
CONCLUSION
The grief intervention for dementia caregivers revealed a moderate effect but it was not significant. In order to prove the effectiveness of grief intervention for dementia caregivers, a meta-analysis targeting RCT studies is needed.
PubMed: 34178734
DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49i12.4808 -
Neuropsychology Review Sep 2022Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to impairments in emotion recognition that can present considerable challenges to social communication and the maintenance of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to impairments in emotion recognition that can present considerable challenges to social communication and the maintenance of interpersonal relationships. This review aimed to estimate the magnitude of emotion recognition impairments in TBI patients overall, and at the emotion category level, and to determine if the magnitude of observed impairments were moderated by modality (e.g., face, voice, multi-modal) of emotional expression, and severity of injury. Searches of PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Medline databases identified 17 studies which satisfied strict inclusion and exclusion criteria for the systematic review (comparing TBI patients to matched controls). Of these studies, 15 were included in the meta-analysis (N = 474; N = 461). Moderate/large average deficits emerged for TBI patients relative to controls (Hedges' g = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.61 - 0.96, p < .001; Q = 22.53, p = .068, τ = 0.04, I = 37.84; indicating low heterogeneity). TBI patients were impaired across all emotion categories, with moderate/large effect sizes observed for fear and anger, moderate effect sizes for disgust, neutral and sadness, while effect sizes for happiness and surprise were small. The magnitude of impairment for individuals with TBI severity classified as moderate/severe TBI was moderate, whereas severe TBI was large. Moderate/large effect sizes were observed across the different modalities of presentation. This meta-analysis provides evidence for marked global impairments in emotion recognition, with the magnitude of impairment greatest for negative emotions (i.e., anger and fear). This meta-analysis provided no evidence to suggest that the magnitude of impairment is influenced by injury severity or modality of stimulus presentation. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
Topics: Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Emotions; Facial Expression; Fear; Humans; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 34131885
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09510-7 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021School closures during pandemics raise important concerns for children and adolescents. Our aim is synthesizing available data on the impact of school closure during the... (Review)
Review
School closures during pandemics raise important concerns for children and adolescents. Our aim is synthesizing available data on the impact of school closure during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on child and adolescent health globally. We conducted a rapid systematic review by searching PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar for any study published between January and September 2020. We included a total of ten primary studies. COVID-19-related school closure was associated with a significant decline in the number of hospital admissions and pediatric emergency department visits. However, a number of children and adolescents lost access to school-based healthcare services, special services for children with disabilities, and nutrition programs. A greater risk of widening educational disparities due to lack of support and resources for remote learning were also reported among poorer families and children with disabilities. School closure also contributed to increased anxiety and loneliness in young people and child stress, sadness, frustration, indiscipline, and hyperactivity. The longer the duration of school closure and reduction of daily physical activity, the higher was the predicted increase of Body Mass Index and childhood obesity prevalence. There is a need to identify children and adolescents at higher risk of learning and mental health impairments and support them during school closures.
PubMed: 34069468
DOI: 10.3390/children8050415 -
Cancer Medicine Apr 2021Breast cancer patients often experience symptoms that adversely affect their quality of life. It is understood that many of these symptoms tend to cluster together:...
Breast cancer patients often experience symptoms that adversely affect their quality of life. It is understood that many of these symptoms tend to cluster together: while they might have different manifestations and occur during different phases of the disease trajectory, the symptoms often have a common aetiology that is a potential target for intervention. Understanding the symptom clusters associated with breast cancer might usefully inform the development of effective care plans for affected patients. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated systematic review of the known symptom clusters among breast cancer patients during and/or after cancer treatment. A search was conducted using five databases for studies reporting symptom clusters among breast cancer patients. The search yielded 32 studies for inclusion. The findings suggest that fatigue-sleep disturbance and psychological symptom cluster (including anxiety, depression, nervousness, irritability, sadness, worry) are the most commonly-reported symptom clusters among breast cancer patients. Further, the composition of symptom clusters tends to change across various stages of cancer treatment. While this review identified some commonalities, the different methodologies used to identify symptom clusters resulted in inconsistencies in symptom cluster identification. It would be useful if future studies could separately examine the symptom clusters that occur in breast cancer patients undergoing a particular treatment type, and use standardised instruments across studies to assess symptoms. The review concludes that further studies could usefully determine the biological pathways associated with various symptom clusters, which would inform the development of effective and efficient symptom management strategies.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Depression; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Psychometrics; Sleep Wake Disorders; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 33749151
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3794