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Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic... Jun 2024Frailty is a multifaceted geriatric syndrome characterized by an increased vulnerability to stressful events. metabolomics studies are valuable tool for better... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Frailty is a multifaceted geriatric syndrome characterized by an increased vulnerability to stressful events. metabolomics studies are valuable tool for better understanding the underlying mechanisms of pathologic conditions. This review aimed to elucidate the metabolomics profile of frailty.
METHOD
This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 statement. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases. Initially, 5027 results were retrieved, and after removing duplicates, 1838 unique studies were subjected to screening. Subsequently, 248 studies underwent full-text screening, with 21 studies ultimately included in the analysis. Data extraction was performed meticulously by two authors, and the quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist.
RESULTS
The findings revealed that certain Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) levels were lower in frail subjects compared to robust subjects, while levels of glutamate and glutamine were higher in frail individuals. Moreover, sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines (PC) displayed a decreasing trend as frailty advanced. Additionally, other metabolic derivatives, such as carnitine, exhibited significant associations with frailty. These metabolites were primarily interconnected through biochemical pathways related to the tricarboxylic acid and urea cycles. Notably, frailty was associated with a decrease in metabolic derivatives, including carnitine.
CONCLUSION
This study underscores the intricate relationship between essential metabolites, including amino acids and lipids, and their varying levels in frail individuals compared to their robust counterparts. It provides a comprehensive panel of metabolites, shedding light on their potential associations with frailty and expanding our understanding of this complex syndrome.
PubMed: 38932837
DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01379-y -
Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic... Jun 2024Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition associated with various microvascular complications, including neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Recent... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition associated with various microvascular complications, including neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Recent studies have suggested a potential association between serum omentin levels and the risk of developing microvascular complications in patients with T2DM. However, the existing evidence remains inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between serum omentin levels and microvascular complications in T2DM patients.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to retrieve relevant articles published up to May 2023. Observational studies investigating omentin levels association with microvascular complications in T2DM patients were included. Data was extracted and hence analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of seven cross-sectional articles met the inclusion criteria, with a total population of 1587 participants. The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between serum omentin levels and microvascular complications in patients with T2DM. Serum omentin levels were lower in patients with microvascular complications than in those without complications (Mean difference, 95% confidence interval: -1.31 [-2.50, -0.13], I2 = 99.62%).
CONCLUSION
This systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence supporting an association between serum omentin levels and microvascular complications in patients with T2DM. The findings suggest that Omentin may be lower in T2DM patients with microvascular complications. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore the clinical implications of these findings.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01359-2.
PubMed: 38932798
DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01359-2 -
Reproductive Health Jun 2024Endometriosis is a chronic and debilitating disease that can affect the entire reproductive life course of women, with potential adverse effects on pregnancy. The aim of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Endometriosis is a chronic and debilitating disease that can affect the entire reproductive life course of women, with potential adverse effects on pregnancy. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and endometriosis.
METHOD
Relevant articles were searched from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from inception up to December 2023. The full-text observational studies published in English that had a confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis were included. The case group included pregnant women diagnosed with endometriosis at any stage, while the control group consisted of pregnant women who had not been previously diagnosed with endometriosis. Two authors extracted and analyzed the data independently. Disagreements were reconciled by reviewing the full text by a third author. Endnote X9 was used for screening and data extraction. We used fixed and random effects models in Review Manager 5.3 to analyze the pooled data. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist.
RESULTS
Out of the 9863 articles reviewed, 23 were selected for meta-analysis. According to the results of this study, there was an association between endometriosis and gestational hypertension (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.16; I = 45%, P < 0.00001; N = 8), pre-eclampsia (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.36; I = 37%, P < 0.00001; N = 12), and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.21; I = 8%, P = 0.0001; N = 8).
CONCLUSIONS
This study confirmed that endometriosis may elevate the risk of developing gestational hypertensive disorders. Raising awareness of this issue will help to identify effective strategies for screening and early diagnosis of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Endometriosis; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Pre-Eclampsia
PubMed: 38926850
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-024-01833-x -
Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology :... Jun 2024New antithrombotic medications and improved stent designs have reduced branch occlusion, although the sino-atrial nodal artery (SANA) may still be occluded after a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
New antithrombotic medications and improved stent designs have reduced branch occlusion, although the sino-atrial nodal artery (SANA) may still be occluded after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), causing sinus node dysfunction (SND). Ischemic sinus nodes are usually asymptomatic but can cause sinus arrest sometimes requiring pacemaker placement. In rare cases, junctional escape rhythms, a manifestation of sinus exit blocks after PCI, can predict cardiogenic shock.
METHODS
We present a case study of a patient who underwent bifurcation PCI to the LMCA to the LCX but subsequently developed cardiogenic shock as a result of SND, a junctional escape rhythm required substantial inotropic support. This case offers an exemplification of a sparsely documented, yet infrequent manifestation of iatrogenic ischemic SND at an unorthodox site, the confluence of the LMCA-LCX. In addition, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 22 scholarly works pertaining to the subject of sinus node dysfunction (SND) subsequent to PCI resulting from ischemia caused by stenosis or occlusion of the SANA.
RESULTS
RCA was responsible for 96.1% of SND cases, whereas LCX was responsible for 3.9%. SND was asymptomatic in 49.3% of cases and junctional escape rhythm in 37.6% of symptomatic cases. 28% needed a temporary transvenous pacemaker, while 7.8% needed a permanent one. Interventional management recanalized the SANA in 5.2% of patients, restoring flow.
CONCLUSION
Transient sino-atrial node ischemia after PCI can cause acute SND. Before stent implantation, doctors should consider SND. Complete plaque evaluation around the SANA is needed before choosing the best PCI procedure.
PubMed: 38923028
DOI: 10.1111/pace.15029 -
Neuroinformatics Jun 2024Morphometry is fundamental for studying and correlating neuronal morphology with brain functions. With increasing computational power, it is possible to extract... (Review)
Review
Morphometry is fundamental for studying and correlating neuronal morphology with brain functions. With increasing computational power, it is possible to extract morphometric characteristics automatically, including features such as length, volume, and number of neuron branches. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no mapping of morphometric tools yet. In this context, we conducted a systematic search and review to identify and analyze tools within the scope of neuron analysis. Thus, the work followed a well-defined protocol and sought to answer the following research questions: What open-source tools are available for neuronal morphometric analysis? What morphometric characteristics are extracted by these tools? For this, aiming for greater robustness and coverage, the study was based on the paper analysis as well as the study of documentation and tests with the tools available in repositories. We analyzed 1,586 papers and mapped 23 tools, where NeuroM, L-Measure, and NeuroMorphoVis extract the most features. Furthermore, we contribute to the body of knowledge with the unprecedented presentation of 150 unique morphometric features whose terminologies were categorized and standardized. Overall, the study contributes to advancing the understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the brain.
PubMed: 38922389
DOI: 10.1007/s12021-024-09674-6 -
Current Pharmaceutical Design Jun 2024Rhus coriaria L., commonly known as Sumac, is a plant from the Anacardiaceae family that is known for its high phytochemical content. These phytochemicals have the...
BACKGROUND
Rhus coriaria L., commonly known as Sumac, is a plant from the Anacardiaceae family that is known for its high phytochemical content. These phytochemicals have the potential to effectively manage inflammation and oxidative stress. To explore the existing evidence on the impact of Sumac consumption on inflammation and oxidative stress, we conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive search of Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to August 2023 to identify relevant studies examining the effects of Sumac on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. The selected studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane tool.
RESULTS
A total of seven trials were included in this review. Among these trials, three focused on diabetes patients, while the remaining four involved individuals with fatty liver, overweight individuals with depression, and those with polycystic ovary or metabolic syndrome. Five studies reported the effects of Sumac on oxidative stress, with four of them demonstrating a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and an increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Regarding inflammation, one study reported no significant difference in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels between the intervention and control groups. The results for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, reported in five trials, were inconsistent.
CONCLUSION
Sumac consumption over time may positively affect oxidative stress, although short-term use shows minimal impact. While one study found no significant effect on IL-6 and TNF-α, hs-CRP levels could decrease or remain unchanged. Further meta-analyses are needed to fully understand Sumac's potential benefits in managing metabolic diseases.
PubMed: 38920072
DOI: 10.2174/0113816128305609240529114411 -
Iranian Journal of Public Health Mar 2024The prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse is varied in different countries. For validating the results of numerous studies on the prevalence of Pelvic organ prolapse in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse is varied in different countries. For validating the results of numerous studies on the prevalence of Pelvic organ prolapse in the world, a meta-analysis study seems necessary to provide an accurate and valid prevalence for planners and researchers in this field. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the worldwide prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse using the meta-analysis method.
METHODS
By using valid keywords, searching was done in ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Medline databases, and 22 articles were selected based on inclusion criteria between 2009 and 2021. The quality of articles was checked using The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Meta-analysis was performed on collected data using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (CMA, Version 2). Meta-analysis of data was done with a random-effects model. The heterogeneity of the study was checked using the I2 index. Publication bias was assessed by the Egger test and funnel graph.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of included studies was 30.9% (95% confidence interval: 24.4-38.2%), (<0.001, heterogeneity I2=99.8%). Meta-analysis of subgroups in studies that used a questionnaire to estimate the prevalence rate showed the prevalence was 25.0% and, in the studies, used the physical examination was 41.8%.
CONCLUSION
Studies carried out in different parts of the world have examined the prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse using different tools. Since some cases are asymptomatic, especially in the low stage of prolapse, physical examination of pelvic organ prolapse should be considered an essential tool in evaluating pelvic organ prolapse.
PubMed: 38919293
DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i3.15134 -
Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology :... Jun 2024Extrahepatic, abdominal surgery in patients with cirrhosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This systematic review presents the current evidence...
BACKGROUND
Extrahepatic, abdominal surgery in patients with cirrhosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This systematic review presents the current evidence available on the utility of a preoperative transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), assessed by its effect on surgical candidacy and postoperative mortality and morbidity in patients with cirrhosis undergoing extrahepatic, abdominal surgery.
METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched till 2022 to identify studies. Studies that reported characteristics and outcomes of participants with cirrhosis that had a TIPS inserted in preparation for extrahepatic, abdominal surgery, were included.
RESULTS
Twenty-one studies (292 patients) were included, of which three were comparative studies and the remaining case series or case reports. A TIPS was inserted in 190 patients prior to surgery. At least one clinical sign of portal hypertension identified by ascites, varices, and/or hepatic encephalopathy were present in all patients except one patient. Fifty eight percent had decompensated cirrhosis. TIPS insertion was successful in all patients. Eighty-nine percent of patients underwent surgery. The cumulative 30-day postoperative mortality was 2% (3/148). There were 97 complications reported in 168 patients (57%). In the three comparative studies, there was no difference in mortality or morbidity among patients who underwent TIPS prior to surgery compared to those who did not undergo TIPS prior to surgery.
CONCLUSION
Preoperative TIPS has been used to improve surgical candidacy in patients with cirrhosis undergoing extrahepatic, abdominal surgery, while reducing complications of portal hypertension. However, there is not enough evidence to support that TIPS insertion prior to extrahepatic, abdominal surgery significantly improves surgical outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and further studies are needed.
PubMed: 38916207
DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_114_24 -
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Jun 2024To present current evidence in long-term (> 5 years) results after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) focusing on Patients Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and other... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To present current evidence in long-term (> 5 years) results after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) focusing on Patients Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and other sinonasal outcomes while assessing the role of ESS in the treatment of CRSwNP, and identifying outcomes which affect the results of ESS and defining recommendations for future studies.
RECENT FINDINGS
Long-term results of ESS in CRSwNP can be branched in PROMs and other objective measurements. Despite the heterogeneity of reported outcomes make it difficult to perform comparisons and meta-analysis, ESS improves PROMs, including symptoms, QOL and olfaction. Objectives outcomes such as NPS, LMS, type of surgery, or recurrence and revision surgery don't have a clear role in long-term results. Clustering patients suggest asthma, N-ERD, allergy, eosinophil count and IL-5 could have a role in predicting recurrence and severe disease. Long-term studies of CRSwNP treated with ESS are scarce. There is a significant need to standardize the report of results. The use of tools as SNOT-22, NPS, validated smell tests, defined criteria for disease recurrence and control and ESS extension in a unified systematic way could allow better comparisons between treatments in the new era of biologics.
PubMed: 38913122
DOI: 10.1007/s11882-024-01154-w -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jun 2024Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental disorder associated with increased morbidity/mortality. Adverse outcome prediction helps with the management of patients with BD. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental disorder associated with increased morbidity/mortality. Adverse outcome prediction helps with the management of patients with BD.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed the performance of machine learning (ML) studies in predicting adverse outcomes (relapse or recurrence, hospital admission, and suicide-related events) in patients with BD. Demographic, clinical, and neuroimaging-related poor outcome predictors were also reviewed. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were explored from inception to July 2023.
RESULTS
Eighteen studies, accounting for >30,000 patients, were included. Support vector machine, decision trees, random forest, and logistic regression were the most frequently used ML algorithms. ML models' area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity ranged from 0.71 to 0.98, 72.7-92.8 %, and 59.0-95.2 % for relapse/recurrence prediction (5 studies (3 on relapses and 1 on recurrences). The corresponding values were 0.78-0.88, 21.4-100 %, and 77.0-99.7 % for hospital admissions (3 studies, 21,266 patients), and 0.71-0.99, 44.4-97.9 %, and 38.9-95.0 % for suicide-related events (10 studies, 5558 patients). Also, one study addressed a combination of the interest outcomes. Adverse outcome predictors included early onset BD, type I BD, comorbid psychiatric or substance use disorder, circadian rhythm disruption, hospitalization characteristics, and neuroimaging parameters, including increased dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, decreased frontolimbic functional connectivity and aberrant dynamic FC in corticostriatal circuitry.
CONCLUSIONS
ML models can predict adverse outcomes of BD with relatively acceptable performance measures. Future studies with larger samples and nested cross-validation validation should be conducted to reach more reliable results.
PubMed: 38908556
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.061