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Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... Jul 2024To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort human studies evaluating metabolite markers identified using high-throughput metabolomics... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort human studies evaluating metabolite markers identified using high-throughput metabolomics techniques on esophageal cancer (EC), cancer of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), and gastric cancer (GC) in blood and tissue.
BACKGROUND
Upper gastrointestinal cancers (UGC), predominantly EC, GEJ, and GC, are malignant tumour types with high morbidity and mortality rates. Numerous studies have focused on metabolomic profiling of UGC in recent years. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we have provided a collective summary of previous findings on metabolites and metabolomic profiling associated with EC, GEJ and GC.
METHODS
Following the PRISMA procedure, a systematic search of four databases (Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science) for molecular epidemiologic studies on the metabolomic profiles of EC, GEJ and GC was conducted and registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023486631). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to benchmark the risk of bias for case-controlled and cohort studies. QUADOMICS, an adaptation of the QUADAS-2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy) tool, was used to rate diagnostic accuracy studies. Original articles comparing metabolite patterns between patients with and without UGC were included. Two investigators independently completed title and abstract screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation. Meta-analysis was conducted whenever possible. We used a random effects model to investigate the association between metabolite levels and UGC.
RESULTS
A total of 66 original studies involving 7267 patients that met the required criteria were included for review. 169 metabolites were differentially distributed in patients with UGC compared to healthy patients among 44 GC, 9 GEJ, and 25 EC studies including metabolites involved in glycolysis, anaerobic respiration, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and lipid metabolism. Phosphatidylcholines, eicosanoids, and adenosine triphosphate were among the most frequently reported lipids and metabolites of cellular respiration, while BCAA, lysine, and asparagine were among the most commonly reported amino acids. Previously identified lipid metabolites included saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids and ketones. However, the key findings across studies have been inconsistent, possibly due to limited sample sizes and the majority being hospital-based case-control analyses lacking an independent replication group.
CONCLUSION
Thus far, metabolomic studies have provided new opportunities for screening, etiological factors, and biomarkers for UGC, supporting the potential of applying metabolomic profiling in early cancer diagnosis. According to the results of our meta-analysis especially BCAA and TMAO as well as certain phosphatidylcholines should be implicated into the diagnostic procedure of patients with UGC. We envision that metabolomics will significantly enhance our understanding of the carcinogenesis and progression process of UGC and may eventually facilitate precise oncological and patient-tailored management of UGC.
Topics: Humans; Metabolomics; Esophageal Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Metabolome; Case-Control Studies; Esophagogastric Junction
PubMed: 38951269
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05857-5 -
Clinical and Experimental Medicine Jun 2024The identification of novel, robust biomarkers for the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases (RDs) and the presence of active disease might facilitate early treatment and the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The identification of novel, robust biomarkers for the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases (RDs) and the presence of active disease might facilitate early treatment and the achievement of favourable long-term outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the acute phase reactant, serum amyloid A (SAA), in RD patients and healthy controls to appraise its potential as diagnostic biomarker. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to 10 April 2024 for relevant studies. We evaluated the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist and GRADE, respectively (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024537418). In 32 studies selected for analysis, SAA concentrations were significantly higher in RD patients compared to controls (SMD = 1.61, 95% CI 1.24-1.98, p < 0.001) and in RD patients with active disease compared to those in remission (SMD = 2.17, 95% CI 1.21-3.13, p < 0.001). Summary receiving characteristics curve analysis showed a good diagnostic accuracy of SAA for the presence of RDs (area under the curve = 0.81, 95% CI 0.78-0.84). The effect size of the differences in SAA concentrations between RD patients and controls was significantly associated with sex, body mass index, type of RD, and study country. Pending the conduct of prospective studies in different types of RDs, the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that SAA is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of RDs and active disease.
Topics: Serum Amyloid A Protein; Humans; Biomarkers; Rheumatic Diseases; Female; Male; ROC Curve
PubMed: 38951267
DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01413-0 -
Nutrition Reviews Jul 2024Existing evidence on the relation between folate intake and biomarkers with mortality risk is controversial.
Folate Biomarkers, Folate Intake, and Risk of Death From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
CONTEXT
Existing evidence on the relation between folate intake and biomarkers with mortality risk is controversial.
OBJECTIVE
Previous cohort studies were examined regarding folate intake and biomarkers in relation to risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease- (CVD), and cancer-related mortality through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic search was performed of the PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases up to July 2023.
DATA EXTRACTION
Prospective cohort studies examining the association of folate biomarkers (in serum, plasma, red blood cells) and intake with risk of all-cause, CVD-, and cancer-related mortality were considered. A random-effects model was applied to combine study-specific risk estimates. Dose-response relations were assessed by 1-stage weighted mixed-effects meta-analysis.
DATA ANALYSIS
A total of 25 cohorts with 423 304 participants, 36 558 all-cause, 12 662 CVD-, and 2426 cancer-related deaths were included. No significant association was observed between the highest levels of folate biomarkers and all-cause mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.77-1.06; n = 17; I2 = 89.4%; P < .001), CVD-related mortality risk (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.87-1.06; n = 11; I2 = 0.0%; P = .57), and cancer-related mortality risk (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.69-1.05; n = 6; I2 = 57.8%; P = .04) compared with the lowest. Furthermore, each 10 nmol/L increase was marginally related to a 12% reduced all-cause mortality risk but not to CVD- and cancer-related mortality risk. A significant inverse association was found between highest intake of dietary folate and the lowest, and risk of all-cause (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.96; n = 3; I2 = 63.6%; P = .06) and CVD (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.57-0.93; n = 4; I2 = 80.2%; P = .002) mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis revealed a significant inverse relation between dietary folate intake and risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. Such an association was not found in the case of folate biomarkers. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023401700.
PubMed: 38950416
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae077 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jun 2024To compare the efficacy of tocotrienol and tocopherol in the management of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of tocotrienol and tocopherol in the management of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
METHODS
The systematic review was conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses guidelines 2020, and comprised literature search from 2002 till January 5, 2023, on PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Google, Wiley-Inter Science Library, Medline, SpringerLink, Taylor and Francis databases. The search was conducted using key words, such as: "tocopherol", "tocotrienol", "vitamin E", "dyslipidaemia", "cardiovascular diseases" "cardioprotective", "hypercholesterolemia" and "atherosclerosis" along with Boolean operators. Human clinical studies regarding the use of tocotrienol or tocopherol or comparison of its efficacy in patients having atherosclerosis, dyslipidaemia leading to cardiovascular diseases, and studies including details of efficacy of any of the four alpha, beta, gamma, delta isomers of tocopherol or tocotrienol were included. Pertinent data from the eligible studies was retrieved and reviewed.
RESULTS
Of the 516 articles identified, 26 (5%) articles met eligibility criteria. Of them 5(19%) were subjected to detailed analysis. Tocotrienol showed significant anti-oxidant efficacy at (250 mg/d) by decreasing cholesterol and serum inflammatory biomarkers i.e C-reactive protein (40%), malondialdehyde (34%), gamma-glutamyl transferase (22%) (p<0.001). Total anti-oxidant status (TAS) levels raised 22% (p<0.001) and Inflammatory cytokines i.e resistin, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-12, Interferon-gamma were decreased 15-17% (p<0.05-0.01) respectively by tocotrienol. Several microRNA (miRNA-133a, miRNA-223, miRNA-214, miRNA-155) were modulated by δ-tocotrienol. Whereas, tocopherol showed heterogeneity of results by either decreasing or increasing the risk of mortality in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
CONCLUSION
Compared to tocopherol, tocotrienol was found to be safe and potential candidate for improving cardiovascular health in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
Topics: Humans; Tocotrienols; Atherosclerosis; Tocopherols; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dyslipidemias; Cholesterol
PubMed: 38948984
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.9227 -
Indian Journal of Orthopaedics Jul 2024Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disorder of the synovial joints and is usually an age-related disease that occurs due to continuous wear and tear of the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disorder of the synovial joints and is usually an age-related disease that occurs due to continuous wear and tear of the cartilage in the joints. Presently, there is no proven medical management to halt the progression of the disease in the early stages. The purpose of our systematic review is to analyze the possible metabolites and metabolic pathways that are specifically involved in OA pathogenesis and early treatment of the disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The articles were collected from PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus databases. "Knee", "Osteoarthritis", "Proteomics", "Lipidomics", "Metabolomics", "Metabolic Methods", and metabolic* were employed for finding the articles. Only original articles with human or animal OA models with healthy controls were included.
RESULTS
From the initial screening, a total of 458 articles were identified from the 5 research databases. From these, 297 articles were selected in the end for screening, of which 53 papers were selected for full-text screening. Finally, 50 articles were taken for the review based on body fluid: 6 urine studies, 15 plasma studies, 16 synovial fluid studies, 11 serum studies, 4 joint tissue studies, and 1 fecal study. Many metabolites were found to be elevated in OA. Some of these metabolites can be used to stage the OA Three pathways that were found to be commonly involved are the TCA cycle, the glycolytic pathway, and the lipid metabolism.
CONCLUSION
All these studies showed a vast array of metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with OA. Metabolites like lysophospholipids, phospholipids, arginine, BCCA, and histidine were identified as potential biomarkers of OA but a definite association was not identified, Three pathways (glycolytic pathway, TCA cycle, and lipid metabolic pathways) have been found as highly significant in OA pathogenesis. These metabolic pathways could provide novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and progression of the disease.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-024-01169-5.
PubMed: 38948380
DOI: 10.1007/s43465-024-01169-5 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024The identification of novel, yet easily measurable biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress might assist in the diagnosis and management of patients with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
UNLABELLED
The identification of novel, yet easily measurable biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress might assist in the diagnosis and management of patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the circulating concentrations of bilirubin, the end product of heme metabolism and a potent endogenous antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties, in patients with RDs and healthy controls. The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to 31 December 2023 for relevant articles. We evaluated the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence using the Joanna Briggs Checklist and the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group system, respectively. In 17 eligible studies, all with low risk of bias, compared to controls, patients with RDs had significantly lower concentrations of total bilirubin (standard mean difference, SMD=-0.68, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.44, p<0.001; I = 92.5%, p<0.001; low certainty of evidence), direct (conjugated) bilirubin (SMD=-0.67, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.41, p<0.001; I = 81.7%, p<0.001; very low certainty of evidence), and the active antioxidant and anti-inflammatory indirect (unconjugated) form of bilirubin (SMD=-0.71, 95% CI -1.18 to -0.24, p=0.003; I = 95.1%, p<0.001; very low certainty of evidence). The results of the meta-analysis were stable in sensitivity analysis. In meta-regression, there were no significant associations between the SMD of total bilirubin and several clinical and demographic characteristics, including age, male to female ratio, number of participants, liver enzymes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In subgroup analysis, the SMD of total bilirubin was significant across a range of RDs, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren syndrome, and myositis. Therefore, the results of our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that the reductions in bilirubin concentrations observed in patients with RDs reflect a state of impaired antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defence due to bilirubin consumption and highlight the promising role of this endogenous product as a biomarker of RDs.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023500649.
Topics: Female; Humans; Bilirubin; Biomarkers; Oxidative Stress; Rheumatic Diseases; Male
PubMed: 38947324
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369284 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD Jun 2024
PubMed: 38943404
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-249011 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD Jun 2024Portable digital health technologies (DHTs) could help evaluate non-cognitive symptoms, but evidence to support their use in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies...
BACKGROUND
Portable digital health technologies (DHTs) could help evaluate non-cognitive symptoms, but evidence to support their use in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is uncertain.
OBJECTIVE
1) To describe portable or wearable DHTs used to obtain digital biomarkers in patients with DLB, 2) to assess the digital biomarkers' ability to evaluate non-cognitive symptoms, and 3) to assess the feasibility of applying digital biomarkers in patients with DLB.
METHODS
We systematically searched databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science from inception through February 28, 2023. Studies assessing digital biomarkers obtained by portable or wearable DHTs and related to non-cognitive symptoms were eligible if including patients with DLB. The quality of studies was assessed using a modified check list based on the NIH Quality assessment tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies. A narrative synthesis of data was carried out.
RESULTS
We screened 4,295 records and included 20 studies. Seventeen different DHTs were identified for assessment of most non-cognitive symptoms related to DLB. No thorough validation of digital biomarkers for measurement of non-cognitive symptoms in DLB was reported. Studies did not report on aspects of feasibility in a systematic way.
CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge about feasibility and validity of individual digital biomarkers remains extremely limited. Study heterogeneity is a barrier for establishing a broad evidence base for application of digital biomarkers in DLB. Researchers should conform to recommended standards for systematic evaluation of digital biomarkers.
PubMed: 38943394
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-240327 -
Korean Journal of Radiology Jul 2024This study systematically reviewed the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the assessment of molecular prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer, focusing on the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This study systematically reviewed the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the assessment of molecular prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer, focusing on the correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with hormone receptor status and prognostic biomarkers. Our meta-analysis includes data from 52 studies examining ADC values in relation to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 status. The results indicated significant differences in ADC values among different receptor statuses, with ER-positive, PgR-positive, HER2-negative, and Ki-67-positive tumors having lower ADC values compared to their negative counterparts. This study also highlights the potential of advanced DWI techniques such as intravoxel incoherent motion and non-Gaussian DWI to provide additional insights beyond ADC. Despite these promising findings, the high heterogeneity among the studies underscores the need for standardized DWI protocols to improve their clinical utility in breast cancer management.
Topics: Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Female; Biomarkers, Tumor; Prognosis; Receptor, ErbB-2; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone; Ki-67 Antigen
PubMed: 38942456
DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2023.1188 -
Heart & Lung : the Journal of Critical... Jun 2024Progressive exercise intolerance is a hallmark of pulmonary hypertension (pH), severely impacting patients' independence and quality of life (QoL). Accumulating evidence... (Review)
Review
Respiratory, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension: An updated systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.
BACKGROUND
Progressive exercise intolerance is a hallmark of pulmonary hypertension (pH), severely impacting patients' independence and quality of life (QoL). Accumulating evidence over the last decade shows that combined abnormalities in peripheral reflexes and target organs contribute to disease progression and exercise intolerance.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to review the literature of the last decade on the contribution of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems to pathophysiology and exercise intolerance in pH.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted using specific terms in PubMed, SciELO, and the Cochrane Library databases for original pre-clinical or clinical studies published between 2013 and 2023. Studies followed randomized controlled/non-randomized controlled and pre-post designs.
RESULTS
The systematic review identified 25 articles reporting functional or structural changes in the respiratory, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems in pH. Moreover, altered biomarkers in these systems, lower cardiac baroreflex, and heightened peripheral chemoreflex activity seemed to contribute to functional changes associated with poor prognosis and exercise intolerance in pH. Potential therapeutic strategies acutely explored involved manipulating the baroreflex and peripheral chemoreflex, improving cardiovascular autonomic control via cardiac vagal control, and targeting specific pathways such as GPER1, GDF-15, miR-126, and the JMJD1C gene.
CONCLUSION
Information published in the last 10 years advances the notion that pH pathophysiology involves functional and structural changes in the respiratory, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems and their integration with peripheral reflexes. These findings suggest potential therapeutic targets, yet unexplored in clinical trials, that could assist in improving exercise tolerance and QoL in patients with pH.
PubMed: 38941771
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.06.001