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Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 2022The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to describe and explore the current state-of-the-art of sport mega-event knowledge management research.
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to describe and explore the current state-of-the-art of sport mega-event knowledge management research.
METHODS
Following the PRISMA protocol, the authors conducted a systematic search of academic and gray literature in sport, social sciences, and humanities databases. From the initial 1,751 studies reviewed, 16 met the inclusion criteria.
FINDINGS
In these studies, knowledge management in sport mega-events was mainly researched in the context of the Olympic Games. Compared with other events, the Olympic Games built a more formal knowledge management programme, which may explain why it attracted more attention.
DISCUSSION
Most of the studies highlighted the importance of tacit knowledge and individuals, as well as the needs of different stakeholder groups. Findings showed that social, cultural, political, and historical differences between hosts weaken the effect of knowledge management. Many of the published empirical studies are descriptive investigations and lack support of related theories or conceptual frameworks. The impacts of knowledge management process on the host regions and knowledge transfer between events and local stakeholders have been little explored.
PubMed: 36561764
DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1056390 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Dec 2022The micronutrient status of those receiving long-term enteral nutrition (EN) is poorly characterised. This systematic review was undertaken to determine prevalence of...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The micronutrient status of those receiving long-term enteral nutrition (EN) is poorly characterised. This systematic review was undertaken to determine prevalence of micronutrient deficiency in those receiving EN; the impact of the route of feeding; whether underlying disease or clinical factors were associated with micronutrient status; and the efficacy of interventions utilised to treat identified micronutrient deficiency.
METHODS
Electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science) were searched to June 2021 for publications of primary investigation of micronutrient status in adults or children (>5yrs) receiving EN for >2 months in their usual residence. Independent assessment of compliance with inclusion criteria (Covidence®), data extraction of predefined data points, assessment of basis (Academy of Dietetics Quality Checklist) and certainty of evidence (GRADE) was assessed by at least two authors. (PROSPERO Registration: CRD42021261113).
RESULTS
Thirty-one studies (n = 744) met inclusion criteria. Deficiency was reported for copper, zinc, selenium, beta-carotene, and vitamins A, D and E: Only copper, zinc and selenium were associated with physical/haematological manifestations of deficiency. Jejunal feeding was associated with the development of copper deficiency and often required gastric or parenteral replacement to resolve the issue. Circumstances leading to deficiency included receiving feed products formulated with inadequate amounts of the implicated nutrient, low feed product volumes in the context of low macronutrient requirements, and nutritional decline prior to commencement of EN. Potential confounding factors such as inflammation were rarely accounted for. No studies investigated the contribution of underlying clinical condition on micronutrient status, and no other clinical or demographic features appeared to impact outcomes. Reported methods for treating identified deficiencies were usually successful in reversing deficiency symptoms. The certainty of evidence is very low, and the level of bias moderate to high.
CONCLUSION
While the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of long-term enteral feeding on the development of micronutrient deficiencies, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of micronutrient deficiency developing in long-term EN fed patients. Those who may be at increased risk are those receiving nutrition into the jejunum, those who meet macronutrient requirements in low volumes of EN product, and those commencing EN in a nutritionally deplete state. Further research and surveillance of micronutrient status with contemporary EN products and practices is required.
Topics: Child; Adult; Humans; Selenium; Copper; Micronutrients; Vitamins; Trace Elements; Zinc
PubMed: 36513481
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.022 -
Journal of the Association For Research... Feb 2023Identifying risk factors for tinnitus could facilitate not only the recommendations for prevention measures, but also identifying potential pathways for new... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS
Identifying risk factors for tinnitus could facilitate not only the recommendations for prevention measures, but also identifying potential pathways for new interventions. This study reports the first comprehensive systematic review of analytical observational studies able to provide information about causality (i.e., case-control and cohort designs).
METHODS
A literature search of four electronic databases identified epidemiological studies published on tinnitus and different exposures. Independent raters screened all studies, extracted data, and evaluated study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Reported relative risks (RR), hazard ratios (HR), odds ratios (OR), and prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to compute crude estimates of RR for tinnitus risk factors.
RESULTS
From 2389 records identified, a total of 374 articles were read as full text (24 reviews, 301 cross-sectional studies, 42 cohort studies, and 7 case-control studies). However, from 49 case-control and cohort studies, only 25 adequately reported risk ratios. Using the findings from these studies, positive causal associations were found for various hearing-related factors (i.e., unspecified hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, occupational noise exposure, ototoxic platinum therapy, and otitis media). Evidence was also found for a number of non-otological risk factors including temporo-mandibular joint disorder, depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hyperlipidemia. Negative associations indicating preventative effects were found for diabetes and high alcohol consumption. No associations were found for low alcohol consumption, body mass index, head injury, heart failure, hypertension, leisure noise exposure, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, sex, smoking, stroke, and whiplash. However, with the exception of unspecified hearing loss, these findings resulted from pooling no more than 4 studies, illustrating that the vast majority of the associations still remain inconclusive.
CONCLUSIONS
These systematic review and meta-analysis confirm a number of otological and non-otological risk factors for tinnitus. By highlighting major gaps in knowledge, our synthesis can help provide direction for future research that will shed light on the pathophysiology, improve management strategies, and inform more effective preventions.
Topics: Humans; Tinnitus; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hearing Loss; Risk Factors; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 36380120
DOI: 10.1007/s10162-022-00874-y -
Clinical and Translational Radiation... Jan 2023To assess the literature on men's preferences and perceptions regarding prostate cancer radiation therapy. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To assess the literature on men's preferences and perceptions regarding prostate cancer radiation therapy.
METHODS
A scoping review was undertaken as per JBI guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Science Direct with search terms including "prostate cancer," "radiotherapy," "radiation therapy," "radiation oncology," "patient preferences," "patient perceptions" and "patient experience." The resultant studies were mapped and grouped according to the emergent themes and pathway stages.
RESULTS
A total of 779 titles and abstracts were screened by two independent reviewers. Fifty-two full-text studies were reviewed, with 27 eligible for inclusion. There were 4 pre-treatment, 13 during treatment and 10 post-treatment studies covering broad themes of information needs (n = 3), preferences and decisions (n = 6), general experiences (n = 8), side effects (n = 6), and support (n = 4). There were a mix of methodologies, including 11 qualitative, 14 quantitative (including four preference studies), one mixed methods and one narrative review.
CONCLUSION
There were only four preference studies, with the remaining 23 reporting on perceptions. Overall, there is a paucity of literature regarding patient preferences and perceptions of prostate cancer radiation therapy, particularly when considering how many clinical and technical studies are published in the area. This highlights opportunities for future research.
PubMed: 36345391
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.10.007 -
Age and Ageing Sep 2022our aim was to assess the effectiveness of medication review and deprescribing interventions as a single intervention in falls prevention. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
our aim was to assess the effectiveness of medication review and deprescribing interventions as a single intervention in falls prevention.
DESIGN
systematic review and meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO until 28 March 2022.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
randomised controlled trials of older participants comparing any medication review or deprescribing intervention with usual care and reporting falls as an outcome.
STUDY RECORDS
title/abstract and full-text screening by two reviewers.
RISK OF BIAS
Cochrane Collaboration revised tool.
DATA SYNTHESIS
results reported separately for different settings and sufficiently comparable studies meta-analysed.
RESULTS
forty-nine heterogeneous studies were included.
COMMUNITY
meta-analyses of medication reviews resulted in a risk ratio (RR) of 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 0.85-1.29, I2 = 0%, 3 studies(s)) for number of fallers, in an RR = 0.95 (0.70-1.27, I2 = 37%, 3 s) for number of injurious fallers and in a rate ratio (RaR) of 0.89 (0.69-1.14, I2 = 0%, 2 s) for injurious falls.
HOSPITAL
meta-analyses assessing medication reviews resulted in an RR = 0.97 (0.74-1.28, I2 = 15%, 2 s) and in an RR = 0.50 (0.07-3.50, I2 = 72% %, 2 s) for number of fallers after and during admission, respectively.
LONG-TERM CARE
meta-analyses investigating medication reviews or deprescribing plans resulted in an RR = 0.86 (0.72-1.02, I2 = 0%, 5 s) for number of fallers and in an RaR = 0.93 (0.64-1.35, I2 = 92%, 7 s) for number of falls.
CONCLUSIONS
the heterogeneity of the interventions precluded us to estimate the exact effect of medication review and deprescribing as a single intervention. For future studies, more comparability is warranted. These interventions should not be implemented as a stand-alone strategy in falls prevention but included in multimodal strategies due to the multifactorial nature of falls.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020218231.
Topics: Deprescriptions; Exercise; Hospitals; Humans; Medication Review
PubMed: 36153749
DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac191 -
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Jan 2023In order to facilitate data pooling between studies, we explored harmonisation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in people with knee pain due to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Harmonising knee pain patient-reported outcomes: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) and individual participant data (IPD).
OBJECTIVE
In order to facilitate data pooling between studies, we explored harmonisation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in people with knee pain due to osteoarthritis or knee trauma, using the Patient Acceptable Symptom State scores (PASS) as a criterion.
METHODS
We undertook a systematic literature review (SLR) of PASS scores, and performed individual participant data (IPD) analysis of score distributions from concurrently completed PROM pairs. Numerical rating scales (NRS), visual analogue scales, KOOS and WOMAC pain questionnaires were standardised to 0 to 100 (worst) scales. Meta-regression explored associations of PASS. Bland Altman plots compared PROM scores within individuals using IPD from WebEx, KICK, MenTOR and NEKO studies.
RESULTS
SLR identified 18 studies reporting PASS in people with knee pain. Pooled standardised PASS was 27 (95% CI: 21 to 35; n = 6,339). PASS was statistically similar for each standardised PROM. Lower PASS was associated with lower baseline pain (β = 0.49, P = 0.01) and longer time from treatment initiation (Q = 6.35, P = 0.04). PASS scores were lowest in ligament rupture (12, 95% CI: 11 to 13), but similar between knee osteoarthritis (31, 95% CI: 26 to 36) and meniscal tear (27, 95% CI: 20 to 35). In IPD, standardised PROMs each revealed similar group mean scores, but scores within individuals diverged between PROMs (LoA between -7 to -38 and +25 to 52).
CONCLUSION
Different standardised PROMs give similar PASS thresholds in group data. PASS thresholds may be affected more by patient and treatment characteristics than between PROMs. However, different PROMs give divergent scores within individuals, possibly reflecting different experiences of pain.
Topics: Humans; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Knee Joint; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Knee Injuries; Pain
PubMed: 36089231
DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.08.011 -
Trials Sep 2022Single-sided deafness (SSD) has functional, psychological, and social consequences. Interventions for adults with SSD include hearing aids and auditory implants....
The Core Rehabilitation Outcome Set for Single-Sided Deafness (CROSSSD) study: International consensus on outcome measures for trials of interventions for adults with single-sided deafness.
BACKGROUND
Single-sided deafness (SSD) has functional, psychological, and social consequences. Interventions for adults with SSD include hearing aids and auditory implants. Benefits and harms (outcome domains) of these interventions are until now reported inconsistently in clinical trials. Inconsistency in reporting outcome measures prevents meaningful comparisons or syntheses of trial results. The Core Rehabilitation Outcome Set for Single-Sided Deafness (CROSSSD) international initiative used structured communication techniques to achieve consensus among healthcare users and professionals working in the field of SSD. The novel contribution is a set of core outcome domains that experts agree are critically important to assess in all clinical trials of SSD interventions.
METHODS
A long list of candidate outcome domains compiled from a systematic review and published qualitative data, informed the content of a two-round online Delphi survey. Overall, 308 participants from 29 countries were enrolled. Of those, 233 participants completed both rounds of the survey and scored each outcome domain on a 9-point scale. The set of core outcome domains was finalised via a web-based consensus meeting with 12 participants. Votes involved all stakeholder groups, with an approximate 2:1 ratio of professionals to healthcare users participating in the Delphi survey, and a 1:1 ratio participating in the consensus meeting.
RESULTS
The first round of the survey listed 44 potential outcome domains, organised thematically. A further five outcome domains were included in Round 2 based on participant feedback. The structured voting at round 2 identified 17 candidate outcome domains which were voted on at the consensus meeting. Consensus was reached for a core outcome domain set including three outcome domains: spatial orientation, group conversations in noisy social situations, and impact on social situations. Seventy-seven percent of the remaining Delphi participants agreed with this core outcome domain set.
CONCLUSIONS
Adoption of the internationally agreed core outcome domain set would promote consistent assessment and reporting of outcomes that are meaningful and important to all relevant stakeholders. This consistency will in turn enable comparison of outcomes reported across clinical trials comparing SSD interventions in adults and reduce research waste. Further research will determine how those outcome domains should best be measured.
Topics: Adult; Consensus; Deafness; Delphi Technique; Humans; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Research Design; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36076299
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06702-1 -
Age and Ageing Sep 2022older adults living in long-term care (LTC) commonly suffer from anxiety symptoms and disorders. We completed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
older adults living in long-term care (LTC) commonly suffer from anxiety symptoms and disorders. We completed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify efficacious treatments for anxiety symptoms for older adults living in LTC.
METHODS
we searched five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) to identify treatments for anxiety that have been trialled in LTC. Included studies had to be randomised trials, include residents of LTC, and measure anxiety symptoms as an outcome.
RESULTS
the electronic search returned 6,617 articles, 519 were reviewed in full text, and 80 were included in the descriptive synthesis. Limited studies were meta-analysed (n = 10) due to differences in described treatment and comparator conditions. Limited clinically relevant evidence supporting the use of pharmacologic treatments for symptoms of anxiety in LTC was identified. Of the treatments trialled, music compared with usual care (standardised mean difference, SMD: -0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.31, -0.34), music compared with social interaction (SMD: -0.41; 95% CI: -0.72, -0.10) and massage compared with usual care (SMD: -4.32; 95% CI: -7.44, -1.19) were found to improve anxiety symptoms, however, significant heterogeneity was detected in two comparisons.
CONCLUSIONS
a range of non-pharmacologic treatments that improved anxiety symptoms were identified for use in LTC. Although limited evidence exists to support the use of particular treatments, most non-pharmacologic treatments were low-risk interventions that may be readily implemented. Further research is required to assess the treatment effect on residents of LTC with anxiety disorders or clinically relevant symptoms at baseline.
Topics: Aged; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Long-Term Care; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36057989
DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac195 -
Applied Network Science 2022Network analysis is a useful tool to analyse the interactions and structure of graphs that represent the relationships among entities, such as sectors within an urban... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Network analysis is a useful tool to analyse the interactions and structure of graphs that represent the relationships among entities, such as sectors within an urban system. Connecting entities in this way is vital in understanding the complexity of the modern world, and how to navigate these complexities during an event. However, the field of network analysis has grown rapidly since the 1970s to produce a vast array of available metrics that describe different graph properties. This diversity allows network analysis to be applied across myriad research domains and contexts, however widespread applications have produced polysemic metrics. Challenges arise in identifying which method of network analysis to adopt, which metrics to choose, and how many are suitable. This paper undertakes a structured review of literature to provide clarity on behind metric selection and suggests a way forward for applied network analysis. It is essential that future studies explicitly report the rationale behind metric choice and describe how the mathematics relates to target concepts and themes. An exploratory metric analysis is an important step in identifying the most important metrics and understanding redundant ones. Finally, where applicable, one should select an optimal number of metrics that describe the network both locally and globally, so as to understand the interactions and structure as holistically as possible.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41109-022-00476-w.
PubMed: 35854964
DOI: 10.1007/s41109-022-00476-w -
International Psychogeriatrics Mar 2023Older adults experience symptoms of depression, leading to suffering and increased morbidity and mortality. Although we have effective depression therapies, physical...
BACKGROUND
Older adults experience symptoms of depression, leading to suffering and increased morbidity and mortality. Although we have effective depression therapies, physical distancing and other public health measures have severely limited access to in-person interventions.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the efficacy of virtual interventions for reducing symptoms of depression in community-dwelling older adults.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
SETTING
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Libraries, PsycINFO, and gray literature from inception to July 5, 2021.
PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS
We included randomized trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of virtual interventions to any other virtual intervention or usual care in community-dwelling adults ≥60 years old experiencing symptoms of depression or depression as an outcome.
MEASUREMENTS
The primary outcome was change in symptoms of depression measured by any depression scale.
RESULTS
We screened 12,290 abstracts and 830 full text papers. We included 15 RCTs (3100 participants). Five RCTs examined persons with depression symptoms at baseline and ten examined depression as an outcome only. Included studies demonstrated feasibility of interventions such as internet or telephone cognitive behavioral therapy with some papers showing statistically significant improvement in depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a paucity of studies examining virtual interventions in older adults with depression. Given difficulty in accessing in-person therapies in a pandemic and poor access for people living in rural and remote regions, there is an urgent need to explore efficacy, effectiveness, and implementation of virtual therapies.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Depression; Independent Living; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Telephone
PubMed: 35603891
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610222000412