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Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G,... Feb 2020ssp. is an opportunistic pathogen in horses, mainly known to cause "sleepy foal disease". In comparison to horses, there are only few reports describing diseases in...
ssp. is an opportunistic pathogen in horses, mainly known to cause "sleepy foal disease". In comparison to horses, there are only few reports describing diseases in pigs associated with this gram-negative bacterium. This case report describes an outbreak of infection in a combined farrow-to-finish-farm. In September 2018, the following symptoms were noticed in one third of all newborn piglets from gilts and sows: 6-8 hours after birth piglets became weak and developed swollen joints with moderate to severe lameness. The piglets exhibited lethargy, a subset were non-ambulatory. An elevated piglet mortality within the first days within birth was noted. Seven piglets that succumbed to the disease (days 2-3 of life) were submitted for examination, 4 of which underwent pathological examination. The main findings were purulent polyarthritis and tendovaginitis. In addition, purulent inflammation was detected in the brain and kidneys of one animal. In the bacteriological examination ssp. was isolated in a total of 18 samples (brain, joints, suppurative structures of limbs), in a subset of cases as pure culture. For identification, cultural and biochemical characteristics were tested and a mass spectrometry analysis (MALDI-TOF MS) was performed. Further laboratory testing included 16 S rRNA-gene sequencing, a PCR in order to examine for special apx toxin genes as well as a PCR differentiating the two subspecies of . It was not possible to identify the source of infection and routes of spread within the pig herd. The bacterial isolates were used for the production of an autogenous vaccine.
Topics: Actinobacillosis; Actinobacillus equuli; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Arthritis, Infectious; Cerebral Cortex; Kidney; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tendon Entrapment
PubMed: 32059237
DOI: 10.1055/a-1067-3908 -
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica Sep 2019Sixty-eight strains were isolated from porcine acute pleuropneumonia cases from different parts of Hungary between 2000 and 2014. A total of 41 isolates were identified...
Sixty-eight strains were isolated from porcine acute pleuropneumonia cases from different parts of Hungary between 2000 and 2014. A total of 41 isolates were identified as bio-type I and 27 strains as biotype II based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate metabolic fingerprinting in the species-level identification of isolates. Utilisation of carbon sources by these field isolates and six reference strains was characterised by the Biolog system (GN2 Microplate, MicroLog3 Version 4.20.05 software). Twenty-nine field strains were correctly identified by the Biolog system as , 36 strains as , two strains as and one strain as after 24 h of incubation. Among the six reference strains the Biolog system identified one strain as , four as and one as There was no correlation between biotypes and serotypes of and the carbon source utilisation pattern and species identification by the Biolog system. our data indicate that the efficacy of the Biolog system used here could be improved by including phenotypes of more strains representing a wider geographical occurrence into the database.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animals; Carbon; Hungary; Pleuropneumonia; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 31549548
DOI: 10.1556/004.2019.034 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Oct 2019Ten strains of an -like organism were isolated from alpaca () in the UK over a period of 5 years, with no known epidemiological linkages. The isolates are distinct,...
Ten strains of an -like organism were isolated from alpaca () in the UK over a period of 5 years, with no known epidemiological linkages. The isolates are distinct, based on both phenotype and genotype, from any previously described species. Molecular analysis, based on 16S rRNA, and gene sequences, placed the isolates as a novel, early branching, lineage within the currently recognised . In agreement with the results of the single-gene analysis, average nucleotide identity values, based on whole genome sequences, showed very similar identities to a number of members of the notably , and . At least two phenotypic characteristics differentiate the alpaca isolates from other species, and from taxa likely falling within this group but awaiting formal species description, with and subsp. being the most closely related phenotypically. The alpaca isolates can be differentiated from by production of β-galactosidase (ONPG) and acid from raffinose, and from subsp. by production of acid from d-sorbitol and failure to produce acid from d-xylose. Isolates were obtained from multiple sites in alpaca including respiratory tract, alimentary tract and internal organs although further evidence is required to understand any pathogenic significance. Based on the results of characterization described here, it is proposed that the isolates constitute a novel species, sp. nov. The type strain is W1618 (LMG30745 NCTC14090) isolated in the UK in 2012 from oesophageal ulceration in an alpaca ().
Topics: Actinobacillus; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Camelids, New World; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Genes, Bacterial; Male; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; United Kingdom
PubMed: 31395108
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003607 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Sep 2019Actinobacillus species are known to be pathogenic to horses. To clarify etiological agents of actinobacillosis in Japanese adult horses, 27 isolates from Japanese...
Actinobacillus species are known to be pathogenic to horses. To clarify etiological agents of actinobacillosis in Japanese adult horses, 27 isolates from Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses putatively identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry as Actinobacillus were further identified by PCR of the A. equuli toxin gene, by CAMP test, and by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Actinobacillus equuli subsp. haemolyticus was isolated most frequently (16/27) and was related to respiratory infections. Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli (4/27) was isolated from chronic cases or concomitant with other bacterial infections. The remainder were A. pleuropneumoniae, unclassified Actinobacillus species and Pasteurella caballi. Actinobacillus equuli including subsp. haemolyticus and subsp. equuli were the species most frequently isolated from equine actinobacillosis in Japan.
Topics: Actinobacillus; Actinobacillus Infections; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Horse Diseases; Horses; Japan; Pasteurella; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 31292334
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0192 -
Genomics Jan 2019Actinobacillus spp. are Gram-negative bacteria associated with mucosal membranes. While some are commensals, others can cause important human and animal diseases. A....
Actinobacillus spp. are Gram-negative bacteria associated with mucosal membranes. While some are commensals, others can cause important human and animal diseases. A. pleuropneumoniae causes severe fibrinous hemorrhagic pneumonia in swine but not systemic disease whereas other species invade resulting in septicemia and death. To understand the invasive phenotype of Actinobacillus spp., complete genomes of eight isolates were obtained and pseudogenomes of five isolates were assembled and annotated. Phylogenetically, A. suis isolates clustered by surface antigen type and were more closely related to the invasive A. ureae, A. equuli equuli, and A. capsulatus than to the other swine pathogen, A. pleuropneumoniae. Using the LS-BSR pipeline, 251 putative virulence genes associated with serum resistance and invasion were detected. To our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide study of the genus Actinobacillus and should contribute to a better understanding of host tropism and mechanisms of invasion of pathogenic Actinobacillus and related genera.
Topics: Actinobacillus; Animals; Gene Rearrangement; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genomics; Host Specificity; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Neuraminidase; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Pseudogenes; Sequence Inversion; Serine Endopeptidases; Swine; Type V Secretion Systems; Virulence; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 29317305
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.01.001 -
Standards in Genomic Sciences 2015Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli is a member of the family Pasteurellaceae that is a common resident of the oral cavity and alimentary tract of healthy horses. At the...
Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli is a member of the family Pasteurellaceae that is a common resident of the oral cavity and alimentary tract of healthy horses. At the same time, it can also cause a fatal septicemia in foals, commonly known as sleepy foal disease or joint ill disease. In addition, A. equuli subsp. equuli has recently been reported to act as a primary pathogen in breeding sows and piglets. To better understand how A. equuli subsp. equuli can cause disease, the genome of the type strain of A. equuli subsp. equuli, ATCC 19392(T), was sequenced using the PacBio RSII sequencing system. Its genome is comprised of 2,431,533 bp and is predicted to encode 2,264 proteins and 82 RNAs.
PubMed: 26203343
DOI: 10.1186/s40793-015-0009-x -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 2015We report the first human case of meningitis and sepsis caused in a child by Actinobacillus suis or A. equuli, a common opportunistic pathogen of swine or horses,...
We report the first human case of meningitis and sepsis caused in a child by Actinobacillus suis or A. equuli, a common opportunistic pathogen of swine or horses, respectively. Identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and real-time PCR assay. A previous visit to a farm was suspected as the source of infection.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus equuli; Actinobacillus suis; Adolescent; Bacteremia; Humans; Male; Meningitis, Bacterial; Molecular Typing
PubMed: 25878346
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00339-15 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Feb 2015
Topics: Actinobacillus; Actinobacillus Infections; Animals; Horse Diseases; Horses; Nephritis
PubMed: 25632814
DOI: 10.2460/javma.246.4.415 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Dec 2014
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus equuli; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Fatal Outcome; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Sepsis
PubMed: 25459476
DOI: 10.2460/javma.245.12.1339