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Cureus Jul 2023Breast abscesses can be a complication of infectious mastitis or the first presentation of a breast infection, presenting as pain, erythema, and a lump. Actinomycosis is...
Breast abscesses can be a complication of infectious mastitis or the first presentation of a breast infection, presenting as pain, erythema, and a lump. Actinomycosis is a rare chronic disease caused by anaerobic branched filamentous gram-positive bacteria belonging to the genus. It is usually found in the human mouth, digestive tract, and genital tract but can also cause breast abscesses. Actinomycosis affecting the breast is a rare condition that typically occurs as a secondary infection resulting from a pulmonary infection. It is primary when inoculation occurs through the nipple. This report describes the case of a 48-year-old institutionalized female with periareolar swelling in the right breast that had been evolving for approximately two months. The abscess was drained, and the aspirated material contained , a gram-positive bacterium. Actinomycosis of the breast can manifest as either a sinus tract or mass-like features that closely resemble malignancy. The clinical presentation can pose challenges in distinguishing between primary actinomycosis, mastitis, and inflammatory carcinoma. Treatment consists of drainage with needle aspiration or surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy.
PubMed: 37602065
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42092 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023, previously known as , is increasingly recognized as a causative agent of various human infections, while its taxonomy and genomic insights are still understudied.
Comparative genomic analyses of the clinically-derived strain NY0527: the reassignment of subsp. and subsp. into two separate species and insights into their virulence characteristics.
BACKGROUND
, previously known as , is increasingly recognized as a causative agent of various human infections, while its taxonomy and genomic insights are still understudied.
METHODS
A strain NY0527 was isolated from the hip abscess of a patient, and its antibiotic susceptibility was assessed. The genome was hybrid assembled from long-reads and short-reads sequencing. Whole-genome-based analyses on taxa assignment, strain diversity, and pathogenesis were conducted.
RESULTS
The strain was found to be highly susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics, but resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and amikacin. The complete genome sequences of this strain were assembled and found to consist of a circular chromosome and a circular plasmid. Sequence alignment to the NCBI-nt database revealed that the plasmid had high sequence identity (>90%) to four plasmids, with 40-50% query sequence coverage. Furthermore, the plasmid was discovered to possibly originate from the sequence recombination events of two plasmid families. Phylogenomic tree and genomic average nucleotide identity analyses indicated that many sp. strains were still erroneously assigned as sp. strains, and the documented subspecies within should be reclassified as two separate species (i.e., and ). The core genome of each species carried a chromosome-coded beta-lactamase expression repressor gene, which may account for their broadly observed susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics in clinical settings. Additionally, an gene that expresses fluoroquinolone resistance was shared by some and strains, possibly acquired by IS6 transposase-directed gene transfer events. In contrast, tetracycline resistance genes were exclusively carried by strains. In particular, was found to be more pathogenic than by encoding more virulence factors (i.e., 35-38 in vs 27-31 in ). Moreover, both species encoded two core pathogenic virulence factors, namely hemolysin and sialidase, which may facilitate their infections by expressing poreformation, adhesion, and immunoglobulin deglycosylation activities.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the underappreciated taxonomic diversity of spp. and provides populational genomic insights into their antibiotic susceptibility and pathogenesis for the first time, which could be helpful in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of spp. infections.
PubMed: 37152761
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1147469 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Vaginal and cervical canal bacteria are associated with women's health and pregnancy outcomes. Here, we compared their composition and characteristics in 37...
Vaginal and cervical canal bacteria are associated with women's health and pregnancy outcomes. Here, we compared their composition and characteristics in 37 reproductive-aged Chinese women including 24 pregnant women with cervical incompetence (vaginal and cervical canal bacteria formed Groups A and B, respectively) and 13 healthy pregnant women (vaginal and cervical canal bacteria formed Groups C and D, respectively) using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. The results of alpha and beta diversity analysis, respectively, indicated no statistical differences between Groups A and B ( = 0.32, 0.06), nor Groups B and D ( = 0.69, 0.74); however, differences were found between Groups C and D ( = 0.02, 0.01) and between Groups A and C ( = 0.04, 0.02). PLS-DA analysis showed that the individuals from each group were irregularly distributed according to their clade. , and were the dominant genera in all groups. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSts) analysis identified 31 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) orthologs associated with the bacterial communities from the four groups, including membrane transport, folding, sorting and degradation, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. We further determined relationships between pregnancy outcomes (Apgar scores) and certain bacterial species. A significant positive correlation was found between Apgar scores and and in the vagina and cervical canal of pregnant women with cervical incompetence while , and in the cervical canal displayed negative correlations with Apgar scores. Moreover, , , and in the vagina were negatively correlated with Apgar scores. These bacteria may serve as potential biomarkers, however, additional research is warranted to verify their role in clinical outcomes.
PubMed: 36246259
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.986326 -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... Oct 2022
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Chorioamnionitis; Female; Humans; Pregnancy
PubMed: 36195410
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.06.004 -
European Heart Journal. Case Reports Aug 2022Actinomycosis is a chronic invasive infection caused by species. Actinomycosis endocarditis has been described, yet considered rare. We present the first reported...
BACKGROUND
Actinomycosis is a chronic invasive infection caused by species. Actinomycosis endocarditis has been described, yet considered rare. We present the first reported transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)-related actinomycosis endocarditis.
CASE SUMMARY
A 70-year-old female patient, presented 4 months after TAVI with malaise and vocal-cord paralysis. She underwent computed tomography angiography which demonstrated a 28 mm pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta, which compressed the laryngeal nerves. Her condition rapidly deteriorated with cardiogenic shock and required an emergent surgery, which reviled a tamponade with active bleeding, due to an ascending aortic dissection. She underwent aortic valve and ascending aorta replacement. A 2 cm vegetation was found on the TAVI prosthetic valve and sent for cultures, which later revealed an infection. Long-term intravenous ampicillin treatment was given.
DISCUSSION
This case describes a patient with endocarditis on TAVI prosthetic valve, with an unusual clinical presentation and rapid deterioration to an emergency intervention. This unique presentation of tumour-like tissue invasion is characteristic of actinomycosis, and should be suspected especially following valve replacement.
PubMed: 36043211
DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytac302 -
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen... Jul 2022
PubMed: 35881092
DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14739_g -
Anaerobe Aug 2022We present the case of a 60-year-old woman with ESRD diagnosed with polymicrobial (PD) catheter-associated peritonitis including Actinomyces neuii treated with catheter... (Review)
Review
We present the case of a 60-year-old woman with ESRD diagnosed with polymicrobial (PD) catheter-associated peritonitis including Actinomyces neuii treated with catheter retention and intraperitoneal antibiotics and a review of eight previously-described cases of PD-catheter-associated Actinomyces peritonitis. While data are limited, catheter retention in such cases may succeed if responding rapidly to therapy.
Topics: Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Catheter-Related Infections; Catheters; Coinfection; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis
PubMed: 35690373
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102602 -
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen... Jul 2022
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Aged; Cysts; Humans
PubMed: 35481930
DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14739 -
BMC Veterinary Research Feb 2022Canine aortic valve endocarditis carries a poor prognosis. In the current literature there are only two reports of infectious endocarditis associated with Actinomyces;...
BACKGROUND
Canine aortic valve endocarditis carries a poor prognosis. In the current literature there are only two reports of infectious endocarditis associated with Actinomyces; Actinomyces turicensis and an Actinomyces-like organism. Endocarditis due to Actinomyces neuii subsp. anitratus (now known as Winkia neuii subsp. anitrata) has rarely been reported in humans, and to the best of our knowledge, has never been reported in dogs.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 4 year-3 months old female neutered Great Dane presented with lethargy, hyporexia, 'praying position' stance, acute onset of cherry eye and pyrexia. A subtle diastolic heart murmur was detected on thoracic auscultation and echocardiology revealed an irregular lesion adhered to the ventricular aspect of the aortic valve, suggestive of aortic valve endocarditis. Peripheral blood was collected for blood culture. Following 10 days of incubation, blood cultures yielded a growth of aerobic gram-positive filamentous rods which were further biochemically (BioMerieux API Coryne profiling strip) identified as Actinomyces neuii subsp. anitratus. The patient was treated with marbofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for five consecutive months. On repeat echogram, following treatment completion, there was no evidence of aortic valve endocarditis. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report documenting successful treatment of aortic valve endocarditis caused by Actinomyces neuii subsp. anitratus in a dog.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the poor prognosis of canine infectious aortic valve endocarditis, patients with Actinomyces neuii subsp. anitratus infection might have a favourable outcome. It is therefore important identifying the underling infectious cause, as it may have a significant impact on prognosis and treatment outcome when it is caused by Actinomyces neuii subsp. anitratus.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Animals; Aorta; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Humans
PubMed: 35114997
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03161-3 -
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery May 2022This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of sterile shoulder needle aspiration and cultures obtained during arthroscopic and mini-open procedures...
Better diagnostic value of tissue cultures obtained during mini-open and arthroscopic procedures compared with sterile punctures to identify periprosthetic shoulder infections: a retrospective cohort study.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of sterile shoulder needle aspiration and cultures obtained during arthroscopic and mini-open procedures for detecting periprosthetic shoulder infections using tissue cultures from revision surgery as the gold standard.
METHODS
All shoulder arthroplasty patients who underwent a synovial fluid puncture between August 2012 and February 2018 were selected. In addition, arthroplasty patients with cultures obtained during arthroscopic or mini-open procedures between May 2014 and May 2021 were selected. When sterile punctures or biopsy procedures were followed by revision surgery with collection of 6 tissue cultures, patients were included in the study and efficacy measures were calculated.
RESULTS
Fifty-six patients were included in this study (with 57 punctures) and underwent analysis of puncture results after exclusions. Positive puncture results were found for Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hominis, Actinomyces neuii, and Proteus mirabilis. These puncture cultures showed a sensitivity of 20.0% and specificity of 90.6%. From May 2014 to May 2021, 51 biopsy procedures were performed (15 arthroscopic and 36 mini-open); 37 biopsy procedures were included in this study (12 arthroscopic and 25 mini-open) for analysis after exclusions. Positive culture results were found for C acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saccharolyticus, and Streptococcus species. Arthroscopic biopsy cultures showed a sensitivity of 60.0% and specificity of 85.7%. For the mini-open biopsy cultures, the sensitivity and specificity were 66.7% and 85.7%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Sterile punctures for culture have a low sensitivity and a high specificity for diagnosing periprosthetic shoulder infections. Tissue cultures obtained during mini-open and arthroscopic procedures have a higher sensitivity for detecting periprosthetic shoulder infections.
Topics: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder; Arthroscopy; Humans; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Punctures; Reoperation; Retrospective Studies; Shoulder; Shoulder Joint
PubMed: 34801715
DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.10.025