-
Gut Microbes 2024The juxtaposition of well-oxygenated intestinal colonic tissue with an anerobic luminal environment supports a fundamentally important relationship that is altered in...
The juxtaposition of well-oxygenated intestinal colonic tissue with an anerobic luminal environment supports a fundamentally important relationship that is altered in the setting of intestinal injury, a process likely to be relevant to diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. Herein, using two-color phosphorometry to non-invasively quantify both intestinal tissue and luminal oxygenation in real time, we show that intestinal injury induced by DSS colitis reduces intestinal tissue oxygenation in a spatially defined manner and increases the flux of oxygen from the tissue into the gut lumen. By characterizing the composition of the microbiome in both DSS colitis-affected gut and in a bioreactor containing a stable human fecal community exposed to microaerobic conditions, we provide evidence that the increased flux of oxygen into the gut lumen augments glycan degrading bacterial taxa rich in glycoside hydrolases which are known to inhabit gut mucosal surface. Continued disruption of the intestinal mucus barrier through such a mechanism may play a role in the perpetuation of the intestinal inflammatory process.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Colitis; Animals; Humans; Oxygen; Bacteria; Mice; Intestinal Mucosa; Feces; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Dextran Sulfate; Colon; Male
PubMed: 38958039
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2361493 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Jul 2024Poultry processing generates a large amount of industrial waste, which is rich in collagen content. This waste can be utilized for the extraction of valuable components...
BACKGROUND
Poultry processing generates a large amount of industrial waste, which is rich in collagen content. This waste can be utilized for the extraction of valuable components such as gelatin, which can be used as an alternative to mammalian gelatin (porcine and bovine).
RESULTS
Gelatins were analyzed for their yield, proximate analysis, pH, color, viscosity, bloom strength, and texture profile analysis. The yield of broiler chicken feet gelatin (BCFG) was slightly higher (7.93%) as compared to native chicken feet gelatin (NCFG) (7.06%). The protein content was 85.92% and 82.53% for BCFG and NCFG. Both gelatin had moisture content in the standard range (< 15) as given by Gelatin Manufacturers of Europe (GME). Both gelatins showed higher bloom strength (326 g for NCFG and 203 g for BCFG) at 6.67% gelatin concentration, classified as high bloom. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed amide I, amide A, amide B at 1636 cm, 3302 cm, 2945 cm for NCFG and 1738 cm, 3292 cm, 2920 cm for BCFG. At 6.67% gelatin concentration, hardness and cohesiveness values were also higher than commercial gelatin previously studied. The pH values for NCFG were 5.43 and BCFG was 5.31. Both NCFG and BCFG viscosities (4.43 and 3.85 cP) were in the optimum range of commercial gelatins (2-7 cP).
CONCLUSION
Hence, the present study concluded that both NCFG and BCFG have a huge potential to replace commercial mammalian gelatins (porcine and bovine) in the food industries. However further studies should be done to optimize the extraction process. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
PubMed: 38958028
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13720 -
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease Jul 2024Goats are often asymptomatic carriers of , including the foodborne pathogen Infections can have significant and economically detrimental health outcomes in both humans...
Goats are often asymptomatic carriers of , including the foodborne pathogen Infections can have significant and economically detrimental health outcomes in both humans and animals. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of in U.S. goat herds. species were isolated from 106 of 3,959 individual animals and from 42 of 277 goat operations that participated in fecal sample collection as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System Goat 2019 study. Weighted animal-level prevalence was 2.3% (SE = 0.5%) and operation prevalence was 13.0% (SE = 3.2%). Animal-level prevalence ranged widely from 0 to 70.0%, however, 52.4% of positive operations (22/42) had only a single isolate. was the most frequently isolated species (68.9%; 73/106), followed by (29.3%, 31/106). A total of 46.2% (36/78) of viable isolates were pan-susceptible to 8 antimicrobials. Resistance to tetracycline (TET) was observed in 44.9% (35/78) of isolates, while 12.8% (10/78) were resistant to ciprofloxacin (CIP) and nalidixic acid (NAL). Among all isolates, a single resistance profile CIP-NAL-TET was observed in 3.8% (3/78) of isolates. A total of 35 unique sequence types (STs) were identified, 11 of which are potentially new. Multiple STs were observed in 48.1% (13/27) of positive operations. Goats with access to surface water, operations reporting antibiotics in the feed or water (excluding ionophores and coccidiostats), and operations reporting abortions and without postabortion management tasks had significantly greater odds of being positive. This snapshot of the U.S. goat population enriches the limited pool of knowledge on species presence in U.S. goats.
PubMed: 38957999
DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0080 -
Journal of Experimental Botany Jul 2024
PubMed: 38957989
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae292 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Jul 2024The transesterification of butteroil has been shown to alter its lipid chemistry and thus alter the crystallization of the fat. The reaction kinetics and resulting...
BACKGROUND
The transesterification of butteroil has been shown to alter its lipid chemistry and thus alter the crystallization of the fat. The reaction kinetics and resulting crystallization of the butteroil differ depending on the nature of the catalyst used. Modeling the reaction with vegetable oils is a simpler method for the analysis of resulting products to understand the chemical and physiochemical changes that occur based on catalyst selection. The objective of this work is to perform a chemical transesterification of coconut and corn oil using monovalent and divalent catalysts to investigate the chemical and crystal changes that occur.
RESULTS
Coconut and corn oil were subjected to chemical transesterification using both Ca(OH) and KOH as catalysts. In both the coconut and corn oil samples, transesterification caused monoglycerides (MAGs) and diacylglycerides (DAGs) to form from the most abundant fatty acid found in each sample. Coconut oil's melting temperature, solid fat content (SFC), and storage modulus decreased as a result of the transesterification, and crystals began to form in the corn oil causing melting thermograms to be evident, higher SFC, and a more viscous oil as a result. Using Ca(OH) as a catalyst resulted in more MAG formation, and a higher SFC and melting temperature than when KOH was used as a catalyst.
CONCLUSION
The results demonstrate that the chemical changes that result from transesterification of plant-based oils change the crystallization behavior of the oils and can therefore be used for different applications in the food industry. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
PubMed: 38957971
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13706 -
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease Jul 2024Despite heavy contamination of the Bogotá River with domestic and industrial waste, it remains vital for various purposes, including agricultural use at La Ramada...
Despite heavy contamination of the Bogotá River with domestic and industrial waste, it remains vital for various purposes, including agricultural use at La Ramada Irrigation District. There are important concerns regarding pathogen concentrations in irrigation water at La Ramada, including the presence of antibiotic-resistant spp. This study aimed to estimate the risk of -related illness from consuming lettuce irrigated with Bogotá River water at La Ramada. We collected lettuce samples from 4 different sites, all irrigated with water from La Ramada. The methodology involved a process to detach spp. from lettuce leaves, quantification through plate counts on SS agar, and establishment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria concentrations through growth on media supplemented with ampicillin or ciprofloxacin. The results showed concentrations of spp. of 10,10, and 10 CFU/g lettuce at sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and ampicillin-resistant spp. of 10, 10, and 10 CFU/g lettuce at sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No colonies were obtained from lettuce samples collected from site 4. Notably, we detected no isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin at any of the sites. spp. concentrations varied greatly among sampling sites. spp. concentrations were used to predict the daily probability of illness, with a probability of 0.59 (0.33 to 0.78, CI 95%) for spp. and 0.3 (0.03 to 0.53, CI 95%) for ampicillin-resistant spp.
PubMed: 38957952
DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2024.0015 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024People as individual consumers are regularly targeted in sustainability campaigns or communications with the hope of enhancing sustainable behavior at an individual...
INTRODUCTION
People as individual consumers are regularly targeted in sustainability campaigns or communications with the hope of enhancing sustainable behavior at an individual level, with subsequent sustainability transformation at a larger societal scale. However, psychological motivation is complex and campaigns need to be based on an understanding for what individual, and contextual, factors support or hinder sustainable behavioral choices.
METHODS
In a discrete choice experiment, participants made hypothetical online purchases in each of three rooms designed to evoke associations to , , and goal frames. Participants were shown a campaign message intended to prime sustainable textile consumption prior to the purchase. For each product (t-shirt or bananas) hedonic (comfort/look), gain (price), and normative (organic/ fairtrade) attributes were varied in an online choice experiment.
RESULTS
Preferences for the normative attribute of t-shirts increased in the normative room compared to the room with gain associations. No effect of the rooms with hedonic or gain priming was observed on the choice.
DISCUSSION
The study supports the hypothesis that the physical room can enhance goal frame activation and behavioral choice but concludes that such priming effect is sensitive to specificity of the prime.
PubMed: 38957886
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1354419 -
Frontiers in Genetics 2024Osteosarcoma (OS) is highly malignant and prone to local infiltration and distant metastasis. Due to the poor outcomes of OS patients, the study aimed to identify...
BACKGROUND
Osteosarcoma (OS) is highly malignant and prone to local infiltration and distant metastasis. Due to the poor outcomes of OS patients, the study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OS and explore their role in the carcinogenesis and progression of OS.
METHODS
RNA sequencing was performed to identify DEGs in OS. The functions of the DEGs in OS were investigated using bioinformatics analysis, and DEG expression was verified using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The role of was evaluated using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and then investigated using functional assays in OS cells.
RESULTS
In all, 8353 DEGs were screened. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated these DEGs showed strong enrichment in the calcium signaling pathway and pathways in cancer. Moreover, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed ten hub genes were related to the outcomes of OS patients. Both transcript and protein expression were significantly reduced in OS, and GSEA suggested that was associated with cell cycle, apoptosis and inflammation. -overexpressing OS cells exhibited suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion and enhanced apoptosis.
CONCLUSION
was found to be significantly downregulated in OS patients, which was associated with poor prognosis. Modulation of expression levels may be beneficial in OS treatment.
PubMed: 38957810
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1410145 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024() is a worldwide zoonotic parasite that can infect almost warm-blood animals, including humans, which seriously affect the health of host. Cats are known to be the...
() is a worldwide zoonotic parasite that can infect almost warm-blood animals, including humans, which seriously affect the health of host. Cats are known to be the only definitive host of and continuously excrete highly infectious oocysts. This parasite carried by the companion animals leads to a great public health risk. However, there is little information on epidemiology of in urban cats in Kunming, Southwest China. In the present study, a total of 231 serum and fecal samples were collected in Kunming aera, and then seroprevalence of IgG antibodies in serum and molecular investigation in feces were analyzed to elucidate infection in urban cats. The results revealed that 168 of 231 cats (72.7%) were positive for antibodies, and 1 of 74 cat feces (1.4%) also showed a positive PCR for DNA. The positive fecal sample was sequenced and then phylogenetically analyzed, and the isolate of in the present study was closely related to strain CN. In addition, the food, water and age of cats were identified as the risk factor for seropositivity. Overall, our findings indicate the widespread occurrence of infection in urban cats in Kunming, Southwest China and identify food, water and age are the risk factors associated with infection, which can provide effective information for developing strategies to prevent and control this zoonosis.
PubMed: 38957802
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1393236 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024BP26 proves to be a highly immunogenic antigen with excellent specificity in brucellosis detection. In China, the authorized use of the Bp26-deleted vaccine M5ΔBP26...
BP26 proves to be a highly immunogenic antigen with excellent specificity in brucellosis detection. In China, the authorized use of the Bp26-deleted vaccine M5ΔBP26 for preventing small ruminant brucellosis highlights the importance of developing accurate detection methods targeting BP26, particularly for the diagnosis of differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). Using the traditional mouse hybridoma technique, we successfully obtained 12 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting BP26. The efficacy of these mAbs in detecting various animal brucellosis cases using the competitive ELISA method was evaluated. Among them, only the E10 mAb exhibited significant efficiency, being inhibited by 100, 97.62, and 100% of brucellosis-positive sera from cattle, small ruminants, and canines, respectively. The E10-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) outperformed the BP26-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) in accuracy, particularly for cattle and small ruminant brucellosis, with cELISA sensitivity reaching 97.62% compared to 64.29% for iELISA for small ruminants. Although cELISA showed slightly lower specificity than iELISA, it still maintained high accuracy in canine brucellosis detection. The epitope of mAb E10 was identified in the amino acid sequence QPIYVYPDDKNNLKEPTITGY, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic antigen for brucellosis. In conclusion, the E10-based cELISA presents an effective means of detecting animal brucellosis, particularly significant for DIVA diagnosis in China, where the BP26-mutant vaccine is widely used.
PubMed: 38957801
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1389728