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Bio-protocol Jun 2024Human babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by pathogens. The disease, which presents with malaria-like symptoms, can be life-threatening, especially in individuals...
Human babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by pathogens. The disease, which presents with malaria-like symptoms, can be life-threatening, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems and the elderly. The worldwide prevalence of human babesiosis has been gradually rising, prompting alarm among public health experts. In other pathogens, genetic techniques have proven to be valuable tools for conducting functional studies to understand the importance of specific genes in development and pathogenesis as well as to validate novel cellular targets for drug discovery. Genetic manipulation methods have been established for several non-human and species and, more recently, have begun to be developed for human Babesia parasites. We have previously reported the development of a method for genetic manipulation of the human pathogen . This method is based on positive selection using the hDHFR gene as a selectable marker, whose expression is regulated by the ef-1aB promoter, along with homology regions that facilitate integration into the gene of interest through homologous recombination. Herein, we provide a detailed description of the steps needed to implement this strategy in to study gene function. It is anticipated that the implementation of this method will significantly improve our understanding of babesiosis and facilitate the development of novel and more effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of human babesiosis. Key features This protocol provides an effective means of transfection of , enabling genetic manipulation and editing to gain further insights into its biology and pathogenesis. The protocol outlined here for the electroporation of represents an advancement over previous methods used for [1]. Improvements include higher volume of culture used during the electroporation step and an enhancement in the number of electroporation pulses. These modifications likely enhance the efficiency of gene editing in , allowing for quicker and more effective selection of transgenic parasites.
PubMed: 38948263
DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.5016 -
World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics Jun 2024High-saturated fat (HF) or high-fructose (HFr) consumption in children predispose them to metabolic syndrome (MetS). In rodent models of MetS, diets containing... (Review)
Review
High-saturated fat (HF) or high-fructose (HFr) consumption in children predispose them to metabolic syndrome (MetS). In rodent models of MetS, diets containing individually HF or HFr lead to a variable degree of MetS. Nevertheless, simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr have synergistic effects, worsening MetS outcomes. In children, the effects of HF or HFr intake usually have been addressed individually. Therefore, we have reviewed the outcomes of HF or HFr diets in children, and we compare them with the effects reported in rodents. In humans, HFr intake causes increased lipogenesis, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity and insulin resistance. On the other hand, HF diets promote low grade-inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance. Despite the deleterious effects of simultaneous HF plus HFr intake on MetS development in rodents, there is little information about the combined effects of HF plus HFr intake in children. The aim of this review is to warn about this issue, as individually addressing the effects produced by HF or HFr may underestimate the severity of the outcomes of Western diet intake in the pediatric population. We consider that this is an alarming issue that needs to be assessed, as the simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr is common on fast food menus.
PubMed: 38947987
DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.91478 -
Global Medical Genetics Sep 2024Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have the potential to cause severe illness in wild birds, domestic poultry, and humans. The ongoing circulation of highly pathogenic avian... (Review)
Review
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have the potential to cause severe illness in wild birds, domestic poultry, and humans. The ongoing circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) has presented significant challenges to global poultry industry and public health in recent years. This study aimed to elucidate the circulation of HPAIVs during 2019 to 2023. Specifically, we assess the alarming global spread and continuous evolution of HPAIVs. Moreover, we discuss their transmission and prevention strategies to provide valuable references for future prevention and control measures against AIVs.
PubMed: 38947761
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788039 -
Respirology Case Reports Jul 2024Mediastinal mass-like manifestations often cause alarm and instigate a myriad of investigative testing to rule out insidious malignant processes. However, a unique and...
Mediastinal mass-like manifestations often cause alarm and instigate a myriad of investigative testing to rule out insidious malignant processes. However, a unique and benign finding, the schwannoma can present either incidentally or while in pursuit of a symptomatic presentation. Given its rarity, limited literature exists on these neurogenic tumours with less than three dozen reported cases. No specific guidelines exist regarding the extent of required advanced imaging or degree of invasive evaluation. Therefore, practitioners confronted with these intrathoracic tumours may find management challenging or delayed. We present a case discussing a large benign tumour causing symptomatic burden, the investigative methods implored and treatment modality. We add to the literature another unique presentation of an intercostal nerve sheath tumour with schwannoma pathology.
PubMed: 38947419
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1422 -
Journal of Surgery and Research 2024Damage to the peripheral and central nervous systems is frequently irreversible. Surgically induced neurological damage and anesthesia may result in catastrophic...
Damage to the peripheral and central nervous systems is frequently irreversible. Surgically induced neurological damage and anesthesia may result in catastrophic situations for patients and their families. The incidence of significant neurological complications during the perioperative period is examined in this article. In contrast to other organs like the kidney, heart, liver, lungs, and skeletal system, native neurological function cannot be replaced with artificial parts or devices soon. Ignoring brain function during the perioperative period has been a systemic problem in anesthesiology, even though the central and peripheral nervous systems are crucial. This bold claim is intended to draw attention to the fact that, unlike the circulatory and respiratory systems, which have been routinely monitored for decades, the brain and other neural structures do not have a standard monitoring during surgery and anesthesia. Given that the brain and spinal cord are the principal therapeutic targets of analgesics and anesthetics, this deficiency in clinical care is even more alarming. Organs that are notoriously hard to repair or replace after damage have, up until now, received comparatively little attention. In this article, a succinct overview of five neurological complications associated with surgery and anesthesia is presented. After critically reviewing the literature on the subject, the article is focused to common (delirium), controversial (postoperative cognitive decline), and potentially catastrophic (stroke, spinal cord ischemia, or postoperative visual loss) adverse events in the neurological surgery setting. The findings will increase awareness of major neurological complications to the involved surgical and anesthesia team and enhance preventive and treatment strategies during the perioperative period.
PubMed: 38947250
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary and Animal Science Sep 2024The emergence of serovars that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and exhibit multi-drug resistance (MDR) poses a substantial global threat, contributing to...
The emergence of serovars that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and exhibit multi-drug resistance (MDR) poses a substantial global threat, contributing to widespread foodborne illnesses and presenting an alarming issue for public health. This study specifically concentrated on the isolation and identification of ESBL-resistant genes ( ) and the antibiogram profiling of serovars found in goat meat samples procured from retail outlets in Bangladesh. During the research in the Sylhet district of Bangladesh, researchers gathered a total of 210 samples of goat meat from 13 different Upazilas. Primarily, cultural and biochemical methods were used for isolation of bacteria from the selected samples. serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis, along with three ESBL-resistant genes, were identified through polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). The disk diffusion test was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibilities. Out of 210 samples analysed, spp was detected in 18.10 % (38 out of 210), with Enteritidis and Typhimurium found in 9.05 % (19 out of 210) and 5.24 % (11 out of 210) of the samples, respectively. A total of 72.73 % (8/11) of Enteritidis and 100 % (19/19) of Typhimurium isolates were positive by Multidrug-resistant patterns. The positive outcomes were found of Typhimurium tested 63.16 % (12 out of 19) for the gene and 21.05 % (4/19) for the gene. The study proposes that the retail goat meat market channel could be a prominent transmission way of ESBL-producing MDR serovars, representing a significant public health hazard.
PubMed: 38947184
DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100367 -
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2024Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal protein deposition. With an alarming 30 million people affected worldwide,... (Review)
Review
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal protein deposition. With an alarming 30 million people affected worldwide, AD poses a significant public health concern. While inhibiting key enzymes such as -site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 and -secretase or enhancing amyloid- clearance, has been considered the reasonable strategy for AD treatment, their efficacy has been compromised by ineffectiveness. Furthermore, our understanding of AD pathogenesis remains incomplete. Normal aging is associated with a decline in glucose uptake in the brain, a process exacerbated in patients with AD, leading to significant impairment of a critical post-translational modification: glycosylation. Glycosylation, a finely regulated mechanism of intracellular secondary protein processing, plays a pivotal role in regulating essential functions such as synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, axon guidance, as well as learning and memory within the central nervous system. Advanced glycomic analysis has unveiled that abnormal glycosylation of key AD-related proteins closely correlates with the onset and progression of the disease. In this context, we aimed to delve into the intricate role and underlying mechanisms of glycosylation in the etiopathology and pathogenesis of AD. By highlighting the potential of targeting glycosylation as a promising and alternative therapeutic avenue for managing AD, we strive to contribute to the advancement of treatment strategies for this debilitating condition.
PubMed: 38946780
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1398641 -
BMC Biomedical Engineering Jul 2024This article aims to provide and implement a patient-specific seizure (for Intervention Time (IT) detection) prediction algorithm using non-invasive data to develop...
This article aims to provide and implement a patient-specific seizure (for Intervention Time (IT) detection) prediction algorithm using non-invasive data to develop warning devices to prevent further patient injury and reduce stress. Employing algorithms with high initial data volume and computations time to increase the accuracy is an important problem in prediction issues. Consequently, reduction of calculations is met by applying only two effective EEG signal channels without manual removal of artifacts by visual inspection as the algorithm's input. Autoregression (AR) modeling and Cepstrum detect changes due to IT period. We carry out the goal of higher accuracy by increasing sensitivity to interictal epileptiform discharges or artifacts and reduce errors caused by them, taking advantage of the discrete wavelet transform and the comparison of two channels epochs by applying the median filter. Averaging and positive envelope methods are introduced to patient-specific thresholds become more differentiated as soon as possible and can be lead to sooner prediction. We examined this method on a mathematical model of adult epilepsy as well as on 10 patients with EEG data. The results of our experiments confirm that performance of the proposed approach in accuracy and average false prediction rate is superior to other algorithms. Simulation results have been shown the robustness of our proposed method to artifacts and errors, which is a step towards the development of real-time alarm devices by non-invasive techniques.
PubMed: 38946007
DOI: 10.1186/s42490-024-00081-1 -
American Journal of Critical Care : An... Jul 2024Continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring was first introduced into hospitals in the 1960s, initially into critical care, as bedside monitors, and eventually into...
Continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring was first introduced into hospitals in the 1960s, initially into critical care, as bedside monitors, and eventually into step-down units with telemetry capabilities. Although the initial use was rather simplistic (ie, heart rate and rhythm assessment), the capabilities of these devices and associated physiologic (vital sign) monitors have expanded considerably. Current bedside monitors now include sophisticated ECG software designed to identify myocardial ischemia (ie, ST-segment monitoring), QT-interval prolongation, and a myriad of other cardiac arrhythmia types. Physiologic monitoring has had similar advances from noninvasive assessment of core vital signs (blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation) to invasive monitoring including arterial blood pressure, temperature, central venous pressure, intracranial pressure, carbon dioxide, and many others. The benefit of these monitoring devices is that continuous and real-time information is displayed and can be configured to alarm to alert nurses to a change in a patient's condition. I think it is fair to say that critical and high-acuity care nurses see these devices as having a positive impact in patient care. However, this enthusiasm has been somewhat dampened in the past decade by research highlighting the shortcomings and unanticipated consequences of these devices, namely alarm and alert fatigue. In this article, which is associated with the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses' Distinguished Research Lecture, I describe my 36-year journey from a clinical nurse to nurse scientist and the trajectory of my program of research focused primarily on ECG and physiologic monitoring. Specifically, I discuss the good, the not so good, and the untapped potential of these monitoring systems in clinical care. I also describe my experiences with community-based research in patients with acute coronary syndrome and/or heart failure.
Topics: Humans; Electrocardiography; Monitoring, Physiologic
PubMed: 38945816
DOI: 10.4037/ajcc2024781 -
Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ Jul 2024In Intensive Care Units (ICUs) infection represents the most frequent complication leading to high mortality. Particularly the incidence of fungal infections, especially... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
In Intensive Care Units (ICUs) infection represents the most frequent complication leading to high mortality. Particularly the incidence of fungal infections, especially due to Candida spp., has been increasing during the last years. Over last two decades there is predominance of Non albicans Candida (NAC) infection with increased isolation of novel species and decreased susceptibility. Early identification of Candida species and determination of antifungal susceptibility pattern is essential for effective management. Therefore, the study was conducted to isolate and identify Candida species from the blood samples of the patients suspected of candidemia and assess their antifungal susceptibility pattern. This cross-sectional, descriptive type of observational study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh from March 2021 to February 2022. Venous blood was collected from clinically suspected patients admitted at ICU, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Primary blood culture was performed by automated method followed by sub-culture in Saboraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA) and blood agar media. Candida species were recognized by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antifungal susceptibility testing was done by disk diffusion and broth microdilution method (BMD). Out of 125 blood specimens collected, Candida species were isolated from 39(31.0%) blood samples of which NAC species were 35(89.0%) whereas C. albicans was only 4(10.2%). Eight (8) different Candida species were identified of which C. parapsilosis was predominant 16(41.0%). Rare and emerging drug resistant species of C. ciferrii 23.0%, C. auris 7.7%, C. rugosa 10.3%, C. lusitaniae 2.6% were also isolated. Candidemia was highest in neonate 33(84.61%) with male predominance 24(61.54%). Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, prolonged hospital stay, pre-maturity and low birth weight (LBW) were found to be important risk factors. In candidemia the highest resistance was to Fluconazole-33% and lowest to Voriconazole-5%. The study showed that NAC species were more common with emergence of rare and multidrug resistant species.
Topics: Humans; Bangladesh; Candidemia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Male; Candida; Antifungal Agents; Intensive Care Units; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Infant, Newborn; Adult; Drug Resistance, Fungal
PubMed: 38944705
DOI: No ID Found