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The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024The increasing popularity and recognition of citizen science approaches to monitor soil health have promoted the idea to assess soil microbial decomposition based on a...
The increasing popularity and recognition of citizen science approaches to monitor soil health have promoted the idea to assess soil microbial decomposition based on a standard litter sample - tea bags. Although tea bag initiatives are expanding across the world, the global datasets remain biased in regard to investigating regions and biomes. This study aimed to expand the tea bag initiative to European Russia, which remains a "white spot" on the tea bag index map. We also added urban soils into the analysis, which were underestimated previously. We compared the standard and local tea brands to explore possible adaptations of the standard approach to regions with limited access to standard tea brands. The established monitoring network included natural and urban sites in six vegetation zones along a 3000 km latitudinal gradient. There was a very close linear relationship (R = 0.94-0.98) in the mass loss of alternative and standard tea litter. The mass loss of green tea in soil along the latitudinal gradient showed an increasing trend from north to south. Variations in the microbial decomposition of green tea were mainly explained by the latitudinal gradient, with low soil temperature identified as key factors hampering decomposition. Mass loss of the more recalcitrant rooibos tea was mainly determined via land use, with decomposition rates on average 1.3 times higher in urban soils. This pattern was in line with higher soil temperatures and pH in urban sites compared to natural counterparts. The findings of our study could prove valuable in extending the tea bag network of soil decomposition assessment into broader territories, including urban areas. Additionally, they could facilitate the involvement of citizen science and complete the database for C cycle modeling depending on climatic conditions.
Topics: Russia; Environmental Monitoring; Soil; Tea; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 38531454
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171881 -
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni... 2024To determine the frequency of and among patients admitted to a24-hour emergency hospital.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the frequency of and among patients admitted to a24-hour emergency hospital.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study included 2887 patients with a traumatic history who were admitted to the hospital for emergency reasons. This principle of sampling allowed us to exclude a high concentration of studies of patients with chronic neurological diseases, the cause of which could be symptomatic Kimmerle's anomaly (KA). During the period 01.01.20 to 31.12.20, primary CT was performed on an emergency basis in 7348 patients. Of these, CT scans of the brain and cervical spine were performed in 2965 patients. Some patients (78 people) were excluded from the study due to the presence of cervical vertebral fractures and metal artifacts in the craniovertebral region.
RESULTS
The Ponticulus posticus was detected in 1162 (40.2%) patients, among them class 3 and 4 was detected in 27.7%, and class 2 ossification in 12.5%. This Ponticulus posticus was significantly more common (χ test, =0.0005) in men. The Ponticulus lateralis was identified in 231 patients (8%), among them 94 patients (3.3%) had complete ponticulus on both sides, 29 patients (1%) - on one side, and 108 patients (3.7%) - two-sided incomplete ponticulus. In patients with class 2-3-4, Ponticulus lateralis were detected significantly more often (χ test, <0.0001).
CONCLUSION
The cumulative incidence of KA was 42%, 17% of patients are carriers of a complete KA bridge, which is significantly higher than in the European or Asian regions. The data suggest that KA is not the result of ossification of the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane, since different classes of KA occur equally often at different ages. Further studies of KA are needed, including its occurrence in patients of the neurological department and its correlation with individual neurological syndromes to determine the need for surgical treatment in the population.
Topics: Male; Humans; Cervical Atlas; Hospitalization; Hospitals; Brain; Patients
PubMed: 38261287
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412401176 -
Problemy Sotsial'noi Gigieny,... Nov 2023The actual direction of improving provision of mental care of population is increasing of efficiency of specialized primary medical sanitary care of patients with mental...
The actual direction of improving provision of mental care of population is increasing of efficiency of specialized primary medical sanitary care of patients with mental disorders in conditions of implementation of biopsychosocial model of its realization. The study of mental disorders morbidity demonstrated that qualitative changes occurred in structure of contingents of mental institutions towards decreasing of number of dispensary patients and corresponding increasing of number of patients receiving medical and consultative assistance. The analysis of indicators of movement of contingents with mental disorders testifies decrease in effectiveness of dispensary observation that is confirmed by decrease of rate of de-registration due to recovery, by increase of de-registration due to death, increase in number of suicidal attempts and in disability among patients with mental illness of able-bodied age. It was established that problems in ensuring quality of medical care are conditioned manly by lack of actual organizational and methodological support of dispensary observation of patients, predominance of passive dynamic observation by local psychiatrist. Based on the results of study of organization of functioning of district psychiatrist, medical and organizational measures were developed to improve organization of dispensary observation of patients with mental disorders.
Topics: Humans; Morbidity; Referral and Consultation; Psychiatrists; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 38142343
DOI: 10.32687/0869-866X-2023-31-6-1408-1412 -
Nano Letters Oct 2023Femtosecond (fs) time-resolved magneto-optics is applied to investigate laser-excited ultrafast dynamics of one-dimensional nickel gratings on fused silica and silicon...
Femtosecond (fs) time-resolved magneto-optics is applied to investigate laser-excited ultrafast dynamics of one-dimensional nickel gratings on fused silica and silicon substrates for a wide range of periodicities Λ = 400-1500 nm. Multiple surface acoustic modes with frequencies up to a few tens of GHz are generated. Nanoscale acoustic wavelengths Λ/ have been identified as -spatial harmonics of Rayleigh surface acoustic wave (SAW) and surface skimming longitudinal wave (SSLW), with acoustic frequencies and lifetimes being in agreement with theoretical calculations. Resonant magnetoelastic excitation of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) by SAW's third spatial harmonic, and, most interestingly fingerprints of the parametric resonance at 1/2 SAW frequency have been observed. Numerical solutions of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation magnetoelastically driven by complex polychromatic acoustic fields quantitatively reproduce all resonances at once. Thus, our results provide a solid experimental and theoretical base for a quantitative understanding of ultrafast fs-laser-driven magnetoacoustics and tailoring the magnetic-grating-based metasurfaces at the nanoscale.
PubMed: 37820262
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02336 -
Physical Review Letters Sep 2023More than twenty years ago, multiferroic compounds combining in particular magnetism and ferroelectricity were rediscovered. Since then, BiFeO_{3} has emerged as the...
More than twenty years ago, multiferroic compounds combining in particular magnetism and ferroelectricity were rediscovered. Since then, BiFeO_{3} has emerged as the most outstanding multiferroic by combining at room temperature almost all the fundamental or applicative properties that may be desired: electroactive spin wave excitations called electromagnons, conductive domain walls, or a low band gap of interest for magnonic devices. All these properties have so far only been discontinuously strain engineered in thin films according to the lattice parameter imposed by the substrate. Here we explore the ferroelectricity and the dynamic magnetic response of BiFeO_{3} bulk under continuously tunable uniaxial strain. Using elasto-Raman spectroscopy, we show that the ferroelectric soft mode is strongly enhanced under tensile strain and driven by the volume preserving deformation at low strain. The magnonic response is entirely modified with low energy magnon modes being suppressed for tensile strain above pointing out a transition from a cycloid to an homogeneous magnetic state. Effective Hamiltonian calculations show that the ferroelectric and the antiferrodistortive modes compete in the tensile regime. In addition, the homogeneous antiferromagnetic state becomes more stable compared to the cycloidal state above a +2% tensile strain close to the experimental value. Finally, we reveal the ferroelectric and magnetic orders of BiFeO_{3} under uniaxial strain and how the tensile strain allows us to unlock and to modify in a differentiated way the polarization and the magnetic structure.
PubMed: 37774288
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.116801 -
Kardiologiia May 2023Novel coronavirus infection has become one of urgent health problems of the 21st century. The associated disorders often result in the development of cardiopulmonary...
Novel coronavirus infection has become one of urgent health problems of the 21st century. The associated disorders often result in the development of cardiopulmonary pathology, which requires creation of a new paradigm in diagnosis and treatment. Studies performed during the pandemic have demonstrated an important role of echocardiography (EchoCG) in diagnosis of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in patients with respiratory insufficiency in COVID-19. The analysis of EchoCG parameters with a high prognostic value showed that in EchoCG, a special attention should be paid to right heart dimensions, RV contractility, and pulmonary artery (PA) systolic pressure, which are the most sensitive indexes of RV afterload and indirect markers of pulmonary disease severity. RV FAC can be recommended for evaluation of the RV systolic function as the most informative variable. Also, it was demonstrated that the RV longitudinal strain has an additional significance for early identification of signs of systolic dysfunction and risk stratification in patients with COVID-19. In addition to the effectiveness and reproducibility of this method, an important advantage of EchoCG is its availability, possibility of saving images for remote interpretation by other specialists, and tracking changes in morphological and functional parameters of the heart. Thus, the analysis of international literature suggests that EchoCG plays an important role in prediction of severe cardiopulmonary disorders and timely selection of the treatment for patients with COVID-19. For these reasons, EchoCG should serve as an additional method of clinical evaluation, particularly in persons with moderate or severe disease.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Reproducibility of Results; Echocardiography; Heart; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 37307202
DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2023.5.n1806 -
Molekuliarnaia Biologiia 2023ArdB proteins are known to inhibit the activity of the type I restriction-modification (RM-I) system, in particular EcoKI (IA family). The mechanism of ArdB's activity...
ArdB proteins are known to inhibit the activity of the type I restriction-modification (RM-I) system, in particular EcoKI (IA family). The mechanism of ArdB's activity still remains unknown; the spectrum of targets inhibited has been poorly studied. In this work, it was shown that the presence of the ardB gene from the R64 plasmid could suppress the activity of EcoAI endonuclease (IB family) in Escherichia coli TG1 cells. Due to the absence of specificity of ArdB to a certain RM-I system (it inhibits both the IA- and IB-family), it can be assumed that the mechanism of the anti-restriction activity of this protein does not depend on the sequence DNA at the recognition site nor the structure of the restriction enzyme of the RM-I systems.
Topics: DNA Restriction Enzymes; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Plasmids; DNA
PubMed: 36976744
DOI: 10.31857/S0026898423010056 -
Physical Review Letters Mar 2023Ta_{2}NiSe_{5} is an excitonic insulator candidate showing the semiconductor or semimetal-to-insulator (SI) transition below T_{c}=326 K. However, since a...
Ta_{2}NiSe_{5} is an excitonic insulator candidate showing the semiconductor or semimetal-to-insulator (SI) transition below T_{c}=326 K. However, since a structural transition accompanies the SI transition, deciphering the role of electronic and lattice degrees of freedom in driving the SI transition has remained controversial. Here, we investigate the photoexcited nonequilibrium state in Ta_{2}NiSe_{5} using pump-probe Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The combined nonequilibrium spectroscopic measurements of the lattice and electronic states reveal the presence of a photoexcited metastable state where the insulating gap is suppressed, but the low-temperature structural distortion is preserved. We conclude that electron correlations play a vital role in the SI transition of Ta_{2}NiSe_{5}.
PubMed: 36962049
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.106904 -
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni... 2022To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the frequency of Kimmerle's anomaly (KA) in patients with grades III and IV vertebral artery (VA) sulcus... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the frequency of Kimmerle's anomaly (KA) in patients with grades III and IV vertebral artery (VA) sulcus ossification.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We searched the PubMed and eLIBRARY.RU databases, identified 68 articles in English, and obtained data of 29.770 patients. To date, no study in Russia has reported KA. The incidence of KA was determined using single-group meta-analysis. We used odds ratios (OR) to investigate the association between sex and the frequency of KA. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger test.
RESULTS
The pooled prevalence of complete KA was 8.6% (95%, confidence interval (CI) 7.8-9.5%); however, the Egger test confirmed publication bias (=2.102, =0.022), which was eliminated by dividing the patient sample by geographic macroregions. The incidence of KA in Europe and Asia was 10.1% and 6.5%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of KA associated with grade III ossification was 7.2% (95% CI 4.9-10.4%). The OR of KA in men vs. women was 1.23 (95% CI 1.098-1.389).
CONCLUSION
The incidence of KA was significantly associated with the macroregion. Nearly 15.8% of the population may show grades III and IV VA sulcus ossification, and surgical treatment is required in some patients. KA formation is more typical for males. A population study is warranted to clarify the frequency of KA in the Russian population.
Topics: Asia; Europe; Female; Humans; Male; Osteogenesis; Prevalence; Vertebral Artery
PubMed: 36168686
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212209137 -
Pathophysiology : the Official Journal... Apr 2022Cardiopulmonary disorders cause a significant increase in the risk of adverse events in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the development of new diagnostic and...
Cardiopulmonary disorders cause a significant increase in the risk of adverse events in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the development of new diagnostic and treatment methods for comorbid disorders in COVID-19 patients is one of the main public health challenges. The aim of the study was to analyze patient survival and to develop a predictive model of survival in adults with COVID-19 infection based on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) parameters. We conducted a prospective, single-center, temporary hospital-based study of 110 patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. All patients underwent TTE evaluation. The predictors of mortality we identified in univariate and multivariable models and the predictive performance of the model were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and area under the curve (AUC). The predictive model included three factors: right ventricle (RV)/left ventricle (LV) area (odds ratio (OR) = 1.048 per 1/100 increase, p = 0.03), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) (OR = 1.209 per 1 mm Hg increase, p < 0.001), and right ventricle free wall longitudinal strain (RV FW LS) (OR = 0.873 per 1% increase, p = 0.036). The AUC-ROC of the obtained model was 0.925 ± 0.031 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.863−0.986). The sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) measures of the models at the cut-off point of 0.129 were 93.8% and 81.9%, respectively. A binary logistic regression method resulted in the development of a prognostic model of mortality in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 based on TTE data. It may also have additional implications for early risk stratification and clinical decision making in patients with COVID-19.
PubMed: 35645324
DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29020014