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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023There is no direct evidence of gut microbiota disturbance in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study aimed to provide direct evidence and a...
BACKGROUND
There is no direct evidence of gut microbiota disturbance in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study aimed to provide direct evidence and a comprehensive understanding of gut microbiota disturbance in children with GERD through combined metagenomic and metabolomic analysis.
METHODS
30 children with GERD and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were continuously enrolled, and the demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects were collected. First, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to evaluate differences in the gut microbiota between children with GERD and HC group, and 10 children with GERD and 10 children in the HC group were selected for metagenomic analysis. Nontargeted metabolomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and metagenomic and metabolomic data were analyzed together.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in the gut microbiota diversity and composition between children with GERD and HCs. The dominant bacteria in children with GERD were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. At the species level, the top three core bacterial groups were , and . The main differential pathways were identified to be related to energy, amino acid, vitamin, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. LC/MS detected 288 different metabolites in the positive and negative ion modes between children with GERD and HCs, which were mainly involved in arachidonic acid (AA), tyrosine, glutathione and caffeine metabolism.
CONCLUSION
This study provides new evidence of the pathogenesis of GERD. There are significant differences in the gut microbiota, metabolites and metabolic pathways between HCs and children with GERD, and the differences in metabolites are related to specific changes in bacterial abundance. In the future, GERD may be treated by targeting specific bacteria related to AA metabolism.
Topics: Humans; Child; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Metabolomics; Bacteria; Metagenomics; Gastroesophageal Reflux
PubMed: 37900308
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1267192 -
Chinese Journal of Cancer Research =... Aug 2023The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia (SP) and its relationship with gut microbiota alterations in patients with hematological diseases...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia (SP) and its relationship with gut microbiota alterations in patients with hematological diseases before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
METHODS
A total of 108 patients with various hematological disorders were selected from Peking University People's Hospital. SP was screened and diagnosed based on the 2019 Asian Sarcopenia Diagnosis Strategy. Physical measurements and fecal samples were collected, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted. Alpha and beta diversity analyses were performed to evaluate gut microbiota composition and diversity.
RESULTS
After HSCT, significant decreases in calf circumference and body mass index (BMI) were observed, accompanied by a decline in physical function. Gut microbiota analyses revealed significant differences in the relative abundance of , , and species before and after HSCT (P<0.05). Before HSCT, sarcopenic patients had lower levels and higher levels than non-sarcopenia patients (P<0.01). After HSCT, no significant differences in species abundance were observed. Alpha diversity analysis showed significant differences in species diversity among the groups, with the highest diversity in the post-HSCT 90-day group and the lowest in the post-HSCT 30-day group. Beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences in species composition between pre- and post-HSCT time points but not between SP groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) identified , , , and as biomarkers for the pre-HSCT sarcopenia group. Functional predictions showed significant differences in anaerobic, biofilm-forming and oxidative stress-tolerant functions among the groups (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated a significant decline in physical function after HSCT and identified potential gut microbiota biomarkers and functional alterations associated with SP in patients with hematological disorders. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
PubMed: 37691890
DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2023.04.05 -
BMC Microbiology Sep 2023The coexistence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may largely increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. However, there is no clear consensus on the...
BACKGROUND
The coexistence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may largely increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. However, there is no clear consensus on the association between hypertension and the risk of diabetes. Gut microbiota plays important roles in the development of hypertension and T2DM, but whether there is difference between hypertension patients with or without T2DM has not been explored yet.
METHODS
We recruited 101 hypertension patients in this study (72 patients without T2DM named HT group and 29 patients with T2DM named HT-T2DM group). Their blood samples were collected for testing clinical characteristics and fecal samples were tested for bacterial DNA using 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing targeting the V3 and V4 region. The data of 40 samples were downloaded from project PRJNA815750 as health control (HC group) in this study. The community composition and structure of the microbiome, taxonomic difference, co-occurrence network and functional enrichment were analyzed by alpha/beta diversity, LEfSe, Fruchterman Reingold's algorithm and PICRUSt2 functional analysis, respectively.
RESULTS
Alpha and beta diversity analysis showed significant differences in microbial community richness and composition among the three groups. The HC group had a significantly higher Simpson index and a distinct microbiota community compared to the HT and HT-T2DM groups, as demonstrated by significant differences in unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances. The LEfSe analysis identified specific taxa that had significantly different abundance among the groups, such as Bacteroides uniformis, Blautia wexlerae, Alistipes putredinis, and Prevotella stercorea in the HC group, Prevotella copri and Phascolarctobacterium faecium in the HT group, and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the HT-T2DM group. Co-occurrence network analysis indicates that Prevotella copri, Mediterraneibacter gnavus, Alistipes onderdonkii and some unidentified species act as key nodes in the network. Differentially functional pathway identified by PICRUSt2 were concentrated in nutrition and energy metabolism, as well as the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study found significant differences in microbial community richness, composition, and function among the healthy controls, hypertension patients with and without T2DM. Some specific taxa may explain this difference and serve as potential therapeutic targets for hypertension, T2DM, and their coexistence.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Hypertension
PubMed: 37689641
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02967-x -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Amaranth has been recognized as a nutraceutical food because it contains high-quality proteins due to its adequate amino acid composition that covers the recommended...
Amaranth has been recognized as a nutraceutical food because it contains high-quality proteins due to its adequate amino acid composition that covers the recommended requirements for children and adults. Since pre-Hispanic times, amaranth has been consumed as popped grain; the popping process improves its nutritive quality and improves its digestibility. Popped amaranth consumption has been associated with the recovery of malnourished children. However, there is no information on the impact that popped amaranth consumption has on gut microbiota composition. A non-randomized pilot trial was conducted to evaluate the changes in composition, structure, and function of the gut microbiota of stunted children who received four grams of popped amaranth daily for three months. Stool and serum were collected at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were quantified, and gut bacterial composition was analyzed by gene sequencing. Biometry and hematology results showed that children had no pathology other than low height-for-age. A decrease in the relative abundance of , , and bacteria related to inflammation and colitis, and an increase in the relative abundance of and bacteria associated with health and longevity, was observed. The results demonstrate that popped amaranth is a nutritious food that helps to combat childhood malnutrition through gut microbiota modulation.
PubMed: 37509852
DOI: 10.3390/foods12142760 -
Microbiome Jul 2023Understanding how the host's microbiome shapes phenotypes and participates in the host response to selection is fundamental for evolutionists and animal and plant...
BACKGROUND
Understanding how the host's microbiome shapes phenotypes and participates in the host response to selection is fundamental for evolutionists and animal and plant breeders. Currently, selection for resilience is considered a critical step in improving the sustainability of livestock systems. Environmental variance (V ), the within-individual variance of a trait, has been successfully used as a proxy for animal resilience. Selection for reduced V could effectively shift gut microbiome composition; reshape the inflammatory response, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels; and drive animal resilience. This study aimed to determine the gut microbiome composition underlying the V of litter size (LS), for which we performed a metagenomic analysis in two rabbit populations divergently selected for low (n = 36) and high (n = 34) V of LS. Partial least square-discriminant analysis and alpha- and beta-diversity were computed to determine the differences in gut microbiome composition among the rabbit populations.
RESULTS
We identified 116 KEGG IDs, 164 COG IDs, and 32 species with differences in abundance between the two rabbit populations studied. These variables achieved a classification performance of the V rabbit populations of over than 80%. Compared to the high V population, the low V (resilient) population was characterized by an underrepresentation of Megasphaera sp., Acetatifactor muris, Bacteroidetes rodentium, Ruminococcus bromii, Bacteroidetes togonis, and Eggerthella sp. and greater abundances of Alistipes shahii, Alistipes putredinis, Odoribacter splanchnicus, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, and Sutterella, among others. Differences in abundance were also found in pathways related to biofilm formation, quorum sensing, glutamate, and amino acid aromatic metabolism. All these results suggest differences in gut immunity modulation, closely related to resilience.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to show that selection for V of LS can shift the gut microbiome composition. The results revealed differences in microbiome composition related to gut immunity modulation, which could contribute to the differences in resilience among rabbit populations. The selection-driven shifts in gut microbiome composition should make a substantial contribution to the remarkable genetic response observed in the V rabbit populations. Video Abstract.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Feces; Microbiota; Phenotype; Metagenome
PubMed: 37400907
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01580-4 -
Microbiome May 2023The gut microbiome regulates host energy balance and adiposity-related metabolic consequences, but it remains unknown how the gut microbiome modulates body weight...
BACKGROUND
The gut microbiome regulates host energy balance and adiposity-related metabolic consequences, but it remains unknown how the gut microbiome modulates body weight response to physical activity (PA).
METHODS
Nested in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, a subcohort of 307 healthy men (mean[SD] age, 70[4] years) provided stool and blood samples in 2012-2013. Data from cohort long-term follow-ups and from the accelerometer, doubly labeled water, and plasma biomarker measurements during the time of stool collection were used to assess long-term and short-term associations of PA with adiposity. The gut microbiome was profiled by shotgun metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. A subcohort of 209 healthy women from the Nurses' Health Study II was used for validation.
RESULTS
The microbial species Alistipes putredinis was found to modify the association between PA and body weight. Specifically, in individuals with higher abundance of A. putredinis, each 15-MET-hour/week increment in long-term PA was associated with 2.26 kg (95% CI, 1.53-2.98 kg) less weight gain from age 21 to the time of stool collection, whereas those with lower abundance of A. putredinis only had 1.01 kg (95% CI, 0.41-1.61 kg) less weight gain (p = 0.019). Consistent modification associated with A. putredinis was observed for short-term PA in relation to BMI, fat mass%, plasma HbA1c, and 6-month weight change. This modification effect might be partly attributable to four metabolic pathways encoded by A. putredinis, including folate transformation, fatty acid β-oxidation, gluconeogenesis, and stearate biosynthesis.
CONCLUSIONS
A greater abundance of A. putredinis may strengthen the beneficial association of PA with body weight change, suggesting the potential of gut microbial intervention to improve the efficacy of PA in body weight management. Video Abstract.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Body Weight; Exercise; Follow-Up Studies; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Obesity; Weight Gain; Aged
PubMed: 37254152
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01542-w -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Apr 2023Though gut microbiome disturbance may be involved in the etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), data on the gut microbiome's dynamic change during pregnancy...
The Gut Microbiome Dynamically Associates with Host Glucose Metabolism throughout Pregnancy: Longitudinal Findings from a Matched Case-Control Study of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Though gut microbiome disturbance may be involved in the etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), data on the gut microbiome's dynamic change during pregnancy and associations with gestational glucose metabolism are still inadequate. In this prospective study comprising 120 pairs of GDM patients and matched pregnant controls, a decrease in the diversity of gut microbial species and changes in the microbial community composition with advancing gestation are found in controls, while no such trends are observed in GDM patients. Multivariable analysis identifies 10 GDM-related species (e.g., Alistipes putredinis), and the integrated associations of these species with glycemic traits are modified by habitual intake of fiber-rich plant foods. In addition, the microbial metabolic potentials related to fiber fermentation (e.g., mannan degradation pathways) and their key enzymes consistently emerge as associated with both GDM status and glycemic traits. Microbial features especially those involved in fiber fermentation, provide an incremental predictive value in a prediction model with established risk factors of GDM. These data suggest that the gut microbiome remodeling with advancing gestation is different in GDM patients compared with controls, and dietary fiber fermentation contributes to the influence of gut microbiome on gestational glycemic regulation.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Diabetes, Gestational; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Prospective Studies; Case-Control Studies; Glucose
PubMed: 36683149
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205289 -
Nutrients Jan 2023Flavanones in peel (CUP) have been used as therapeutic agents to reduce intestinal inflammation; however, the anti-inflammatory effects of their biometabolites remain...
Flavanones in peel (CUP) have been used as therapeutic agents to reduce intestinal inflammation; however, the anti-inflammatory effects of their biometabolites remain ambiguous. Here, we identified aglycone-type flavanones, such as hesperetin and naringenin, which were more abundant in the bioconversion of the CUP than in the ethanol extracts of the CUP. We found that the bioconversion of the CUP induced the canonical nuclear factor-κB pathway via degradation of IκB in Caco-2 cells. To check the immune suppressive capacity of the aglycones of the CUP in vivo, we orally administered the bioconversion of the CUP (500 mg/kg) to mice for two weeks prior to the 3% dextran sulfate sodium treatment. The CUP-pretreated group showed improved body weight loss, colon length shortage, and intestinal inflammation than the control mice. We also found a significant decrease in the population of lamina propria Th17 cells in the CUP-pretreated group following dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment and an increase in mRNA levels of occludin in CUP-treated Caco-2 cells. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed a decreased abundance of and an increased abundance of in the feces of the CUP-pretreated mice compared to those of the control mice. Overall, these findings suggest that the pre-administration of CUP biometabolites may inhibit the development of murine colitis by modulating intestinal permeability and the gut microbiome.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Caco-2 Cells; Citrus; Colitis; Colon; Inflammation; Bacteria; Flavanones; Permeability; Dextran Sulfate; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 36678190
DOI: 10.3390/nu15020319 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2022Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in children and adolescents. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in children and adolescents. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathophysiology of NAFLD through the gut-liver axis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the genus and species of gut microbiota and their functions in children and adolescents with NAFLD. From May 2017 to July 2018, a total of 58 children and adolescents, including 27 abnormal weight (AW) (obese) NAFLD patients, 16 AW non-NAFLD children, and 15 healthy children, were enrolled in this study at Shenzhen Children's Hospital. All of them underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to quantify the liver fat fraction. Stool samples were collected and analysed with metagenomics. According to body mass index (BMI) and MRS proton density fat fraction (MRS-PDFF), we divided the participants into BMI groups, including the AW group (n = 43) and the Lean group (n = 15); MRS groups, including the NAFLD group (n = 27) and the Control group (n = 31); and BMI-MRS 3 groups, including NAFLD_AW (AW children with NAFLD) (n = 27), Ctrl_AW (n = 16) (AW children without NAFLD) and Ctrl_Lean (n = 15). There was no difference in sex or age among those groups (p > 0.05). In the BMI groups, at the genus level, Dialister, Akkermansia, Odoribacter, and Alistipes exhibited a significant decrease in AW children compared with the Lean group. At the species level, Megamonas hypermegale was increased in the AW group, while Akkermansia muciniphila, Dialister invisus, Alistipes putredinis, Bacteroides massiliensis, Odoribacter splanchnicus, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron were decreased in AW children, compared to the Lean group. Compared with the Control group, the genus Megamonas, the species of Megamonas hypermegale and Megamonas rupellensis, increased in the NAFLD group. Furthermore, the genus Megamonas was enriched in the NAFLD_AW group, while Odoribacter, Alistipes, Dialister, and Akkermansia were depleted compared with the Ctrl_Lean or Ctrl_AW group at the genus level. Megamonas hypermegale and Megamonas rupellensis exhibited a significant increase in NAFLD_AW children compared with the Ctrl_Lean or Ctrl_AW group at the species level. Compared with healthy children, the pathways of P461-PWY contributed by the genus Megamonas were significantly increased in NAFLD_AW. We found that compared to healthy children, the genus Megamonas was enriched, while Megamonas hypermegale and Megamonas rupellensis were enriched at the species level in children and adolescents with NAFLD. This indicates that the NAFLD status and/or diet associated with NAFLD patients might lead to the enrichment of the genus Megamonas or Megamonas species.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Child; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Firmicutes; Liver
PubMed: 36539432
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25140-2 -
Nutrients Nov 2022(1) Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is associated with obvious microbiota dysbiosis in the third trimester of pregnancy. However, the mechanisms behind...
(1) Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is associated with obvious microbiota dysbiosis in the third trimester of pregnancy. However, the mechanisms behind these changes remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between the gut microbiome in early pregnancy and PIH occurrence. (2) Methods: A nested case-control study design was used based on the follow-up cohort. Thirty-five PIH patients and thirty-five matched healthy pregnant women were selected as controls. The gut microbiome profiles were assessed in the first trimester using metagenomic sequencing. (3) Results: Diversity analyses showed that microbiota diversity was altered in early pregnancy. At the species level, eight bacterial species were enriched in healthy controls: , , , , , , and . Conversely, , and were enriched in PIH patients. The results of functional analysis showed that the changes in these different microorganisms may affect the blood pressure of pregnant women by affecting the metabolism of vitamin K, sphingolipid, lipid acid and glycine. (4) Conclusion: Microbiota dysbiosis in PIH patients begins in the first trimester of pregnancy, and this may be associated with the occurrence of PIH. Bacterial pathway analyses suggest that the gut microbiome might lead to the development of PIH through the alterations of function modules.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dysbiosis; Case-Control Studies; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Blood Pressure; Bacteria
PubMed: 36364844
DOI: 10.3390/nu14214582