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Evidence-based Complementary and... 2024This study was conducted to isolate and identify the chemical compounds from the roots of (L.) and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. From the...
This study was conducted to isolate and identify the chemical compounds from the roots of (L.) and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. From the acetone (99.5%) extract of the roots of this plant, four anthraquinones, such as chrysophanol (), asphodeline (), aloesaponarin I (), and laccaic acid D-methyl ester (), and a new catechol derivative, 5-allyl-3-methoxybenzene-1,2-diol (), were isolated and elucidated by different chromatographic and spectroscopic methods together with linoleic acid (), respectively. Compounds , and were reported here for the first time from this plant and compound from the genus . The compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using HO and DPPH assays and bactericidal activity against and . Compounds and showed highest antioxidant activities with IC values of 19.38 ± 0.64 and 32.81 ± 0.78 g/mL in DPPH, and 28.52 ± 1.08 and 27.31 ± 1.46 g/mL in HO, respectively. The isolated compounds also demonstrated considerable activity towards . Among these compounds, compound exhibited the highest activity (91.20 ± 0.12% and 9.14 ± 0.93 mm at 1.0 mg/mL) against this bacterium. The overall results suggest that the isolated compounds may be considered as potential sources of the bioactive agents to be used in the pharmacological, food, and other industries. Moreover, their high sensitivity against may also support the use of plant in the traditional medicine to treat wounds. Therefore, the isolated compounds are responsible for medicinal properties of this plant.
PubMed: 38746073
DOI: 10.1155/2024/6651648 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Jul 2024The development of intelligently released and environmentally safe nanocarriers not only aligns with the sustainable agricultural strategy but also offers a potential...
The development of intelligently released and environmentally safe nanocarriers not only aligns with the sustainable agricultural strategy but also offers a potential solution for controlling severe soil-borne bacterial diseases. Herein, the core-shell structured nanocarrier loaded with honokiol bactericide (honokiol@ZnO-ZIF-8) was synthesized via a one-pot method for the targeted control of Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of tobacco bacterial wilt disease. Results indicated that honokiol@ZnO-ZIF-8 nanoparticles induced bacterial cell membrane and DNA damage through the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing bacterial cell viability and ultimately leading to bacterial death. Additionally, the dissociation mechanism of the nanocarriers was elucidated for the first time through thermodynamic computational simulation. The nanocarriers dissociate primarily due to H attacking the N atom on imidazole, causing the rupture of the Zn-N bond under acidic conditions and at room temperature. Furthermore, honokiol@ZnO-ZIF-8 exhibited potent inhibitory effects against other prominent Solanaceae pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci), demonstrating its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Biosafety assessment results indicated that honokiol@ZnO-ZIF-8 exhibited non-phytotoxicity towards tobacco and tomato plants, with its predominant accumulation in the roots and no translocation to aboveground tissues within a short period. This study provides potential application value for the intelligent release of green pesticides. ENVIRONMENT IMPLICATION: The indiscriminate use of agrochemicals poses a significant threat to environmental, ecological security, and sustainable development. Slow-release pesticides offer a green and durable strategy for crop disease control. In this study, we developed a non-phytotoxic and pH-responsive honokiol@ZnO-ZIF-8 nano-bactericide based on the pathogenesis of Ralstonia solanacearum. Thermodynamic simulation revealed the dissociation mechanism of ZIF-8, with different acidity controlling the dissociation rate. This provides a theoretical basis for on-demand pesticide release while reducing residue in the. Our findings provide strong evidence for effective soil-borne bacterial disease control and on-demand pesticide release.
Topics: Ralstonia solanacearum; Lignans; Biphenyl Compounds; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Zinc Oxide; Soil Microbiology; Nanoparticles; Plant Diseases; Reactive Oxygen Species; Allyl Compounds; Phenols
PubMed: 38743980
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134502 -
Scientific Reports May 2024Adoption of plant-derived compounds for the management of oral cancer is encouraged by the scientific community due to emerging chemoresistance and conventional...
Adoption of plant-derived compounds for the management of oral cancer is encouraged by the scientific community due to emerging chemoresistance and conventional treatments adverse effects. Considering that very few studies investigated eugenol clinical relevance for gingival carcinoma, we ought to explore its selectivity and performance according to aggressiveness level. For this purpose, non-oncogenic human oral epithelial cells (GMSM-K) were used together with the Tongue (SCC-9) and Gingival (Ca9-22) squamous cell carcinoma lines to assess key tumorigenesis processes. Overall, eugenol inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation while inducing cytotoxicity in cancer cells as compared to normal counterparts. The recorded effect was greater in gingival carcinoma and appears to be mediated through apoptosis induction and promotion of p21/p27/cyclin D1 modulation and subsequent Ca9-22 cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, in a p53-independent manner. At these levels, distinct genetic profiles were uncovered for both cell lines by QPCR array. Moreover, it seems that our active component limited Ca9-22 and SCC-9 cell migration respectively through MMP1/3 downregulation and stimulation of inactive MMPs complex formation. Finally, Ca9-22 behaviour appears to be mainly modulated by the P38/STAT5/NFkB pathways. In summary, we can disclose that eugenol is cancer selective and that its mediated anti-cancer mechanisms vary according to the cell line with gingival squamous cell carcinoma being more sensitive to this phytotherapy agent.
Topics: Humans; Eugenol; Gingival Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Apoptosis; Cell Movement; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
PubMed: 38740853
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60754-8 -
PloS One 2024
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Lignans; beta Catenin; Lung Neoplasms; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Movement; Dinoprostone; Signal Transduction; Cell Line, Tumor; Allyl Compounds; Phenols
PubMed: 38739616
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303600 -
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology... Jun 2024Isoeugenol is one of several phenylpropenoid compounds that is used as a fragrance, food flavoring agent and in aquaculture as a fish anesthetic. Carcinogenicity testing...
Isoeugenol is one of several phenylpropenoid compounds that is used as a fragrance, food flavoring agent and in aquaculture as a fish anesthetic. Carcinogenicity testing in rats and mice by NTP resulted in clear evidence of carcinogenicity (hepatic adenomas/carcinomas) in male mice only. A nongenotoxic threshold mode of action (MOA) is postulated for isoeugenol and is discussed considering the IPCS MOA and Human Relevance Framework. The weight of evidence indicates that isoeugenol is not genotoxic and that the carcinogenic outcome in male mice relates directly to the metabolism of individual compounds. Benchmark Dose (BMD) modeling was conducted to determine a Point of Departure (POD) and potential threshold of carcinogenicity. The results of the BMD evaluation for isoeugenol resulted in an estimated POD for carcinogenicity in the male mouse of 8 mg/kg with a lower limit of 4 mg/kg, representing a POD for the determination of an acceptable daily intake. With application of uncertainty factors, an ADI of 40 μg/kg is calculated. This daily dose in humans would be protective of human health, including carcinogenicity. A corresponding maximum residual level (MRL) of 3200 μg/kg fish is also estimated based on this POD that considers the threshold MOA.
Topics: Animals; Eugenol; Male; Humans; Mice; Carcinogenicity Tests; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Rats; Carcinogens; Risk Assessment; Female; Flavoring Agents
PubMed: 38735521
DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105642 -
Nutrients Apr 2024Isoeugenol (IEG), a natural component of clove oil, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. However, the effects of IEG on adipogenesis...
Isoeugenol (IEG), a natural component of clove oil, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. However, the effects of IEG on adipogenesis have not yet been elucidated. Here, we showed that IEG blocks adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells at an early stage. IEG inhibits lipid accumulation in adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner and reduces the expression of mature adipocyte-related factors including PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FABP4. IEG treatment at different stages of adipogenesis showed that IEG inhibited adipocyte differentiation by suppressing the early stage, as confirmed by lipid accumulation and adipocyte-related biomarkers. The early stage stimulates growth-arrested preadipocytes to enter mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) and initiates their differentiation into adipocytes by regulating cell cycle-related factors. IEG arrested 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in the G/G phase of the cell cycle and attenuated cell cycle-related factors including cyclinD1, CDK6, CDK2, and cyclinB1 during the MCE stage. Furthermore, IEG suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during MCE and inhibits ROS-related antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) and catalase. The expression of cell proliferation-related biomarkers, including pAKT and pERK1/2, was attenuated by the IEG treatment of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. These findings suggest that it is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity.
Topics: Animals; Adipogenesis; 3T3-L1 Cells; Mice; Adipocytes; Mitosis; Eugenol; Reactive Oxygen Species; Cell Differentiation; PPAR gamma; Cell Proliferation; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; Lipid Metabolism; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38732509
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091262 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Sep 2024India's ancient texts, the Charak Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, make reference to the traditional medicinal usage of Acorus calamus L. In India and China, it has long...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
India's ancient texts, the Charak Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, make reference to the traditional medicinal usage of Acorus calamus L. In India and China, it has long been used to cure stomach aches, cuts, diarrhea, and skin conditions. This ability of the rhizome is attributed to its antimicrobial properties. Research studies to date have shown its antimicrobial properties. However, scientific evidence on its mode of action is still lacking.
AIM OF THE STUDY
Acorus calamus L. rhizome extract and its bioactive fraction exhibits antibacterial effect by modulating membrane permeability and fatty acid composition.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
The secondary metabolites in the rhizome of A. calamus L. were extracted in hexane using Soxhlet apparatus. The ability of the extract to inhibit multidrug resistant bacterial isolates, namely Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated using checkerboard assay. Further, the extract was purified using thin layer chromatography, gravity column chromatography, and combiflash chromatography. Structure elucidation of the active compound was done using GC-MS, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectral scan. The mode of action of the bioactive fraction was determined. Bacterial membrane damage was analyzed using SEM, membrane permeability was determined using SYBR green I and PI dye, leakage of cytoplasmic contents were analyzed using Bradford assay and Fehling's reagent. The ability to inhibit efflux pump of A. baumannii was determined using EtBr accumulation assay and β-lactamase inhibition was analyzed using nitrocefin as substrate. Also, the biofilm inhibition of B. cereus was determined using crystal violet dye. Moreover, the effect of the bioactive fraction on the fatty acid profile of the bacterial membrane was determined by GC-FAME analysis using 37 component FAME mix as standard.
RESULTS
Acorus calamus L. rhizome hexane extract (AC-R-H) demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against all the isolates tested. AC-R-H extract also significantly reduced the MIC of ampicillin against all tested bacteria, indicating its bacterial resistance modulating properties. The assay guided purification determined Asarone as the major compound present in the bioactive fraction (S-III-BAF). S-III-BAF was found to reduce the MIC of ampicillin against Escherichia coli (100-25 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15-3.25 mg/mL), Acinetobacter baumannii (12.5-1.56 mg/ml), and Bacillus cereus (10-1.25 mg/mL). Further, it recorded synergistic activity with ampicillin against B. cereus (FICI = 0.365), P. aeruginosa (FICI = 0.456), and A. baumannii (FICI = 0.245). The mode of action of S-III-BAF can be attributed to its ability to disturb the membrane integrity, enhance membrane permeability, reduce biofilm formation, and possibly alter the fatty acid composition of the bacterial cell membranes.
CONCLUSION
The bioactive fraction of AC-R-H extract containing Asarone as the active compound showed antibacterial activity and synergistic interactions with ampicillin against the tested bacterial isolates. Such activity can be attributed to the modulation of fatty acids present in bacterial membranes, which enhances membrane permeability and causes membrane damage.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Rhizome; Acorus; Plant Extracts; Cell Membrane Permeability; Fatty Acids; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Allylbenzene Derivatives; Anisoles
PubMed: 38729535
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118323 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Hollow vesicles are promising in water treatment due to their unique structure of the membrane and inner cavity. However, the adsorption capacity needs to be improved...
Hollow vesicles are promising in water treatment due to their unique structure of the membrane and inner cavity. However, the adsorption capacity needs to be improved for targeted pollutants. Herein, millimeter-scale hollow vesicles were prepared with a one-step process of sequential stirring and grafting using chitosan, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, and sodium alginate as raw materials with the purpose of efficient removal of anionic dyes from wastewater. The composite vesicles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The hollow vesicles showed the structure of the cationic membrane and the inner cavity, facilitating the dye adsorption. The adsorption capacity for the anionic dye Reactive Black 5 reached 698.1 mg/g, more than twice that of the binary composite vesicles without graft. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm data coincided with the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively, and the adsorption mechanism was monolayer chemisorption. Moreover, the vesicles worked well in wide ranges of environment pH, temperature, and co-existing pollutants. They also possessed excellent cyclic regeneration performance, in which 93 % of the initial adsorption capacity was maintained after four cycles. These results indicate that the millimeter-scale hollow vesicles exhibit broad application prospects for wastewater purification.
Topics: Chitosan; Alginates; Adsorption; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Coloring Agents; Water Purification; Kinetics; Anions; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Wastewater; Naphthalenesulfonates; Allyl Compounds
PubMed: 38729494
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132153 -
Journal of Separation Science May 2024Based on the specific binding of drug molecules to cell membrane receptors, a screening and separation method for active compounds of natural products was established by...
Based on the specific binding of drug molecules to cell membrane receptors, a screening and separation method for active compounds of natural products was established by combining phospholipase C (PLC) sensitized hollow fiber microscreening by a solvent seal with high-performance liquid chromatography technology. In the process, the factors affecting the screening were optimized. Under the optimal screening conditions, we screened honokiol (HK), magnolol (MG), negative control drug carbamazepine, and positive control drug amentoflavone, the repeatability of the method was tested. The PLC activity was determined before and after the screening. Experimental results showed that the sensitization factors of PLC of HK and MG were 61.0 and 48.5, respectively, and amentoflavone was 15.0, carbamazepine could not bind to PLC. Moreover, the molecular docking results were consistent with this measurement, indicating that HK and MG could be combined with PLC, and they were potential interacting components with PLC. This method used organic solvent to seal the PLC greatly ensuring the activity, so this method had the advantage of integrating separation, and purification with screening, it not only exhibited good reproducibility and high sensitivity but was also suitable for screening the active components in natural products by various targets in vitro.
Topics: Biological Products; Type C Phospholipases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Molecular Docking Simulation; Lignans; Biphenyl Compounds; Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Allyl Compounds; Phenols
PubMed: 38726747
DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300898 -
Heliyon May 2024Garlic ( L.) is not only appreciated for its flavour and taste, but it is also recognized for various health properties. The European Commission, through the attribution...
Gas chromatography-stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry prior solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: development and optimization of analytical methods to analyse garlic ( L.) volatile fraction.
Garlic ( L.) is not only appreciated for its flavour and taste, but it is also recognized for various health properties. The European Commission, through the attribution of the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) certification mark, has officially recognized some specific varieties of garlic. To protect not only the commercial value but also the reputation of this appreciated product, effective tools are therefore required. For the first time, a new compound specific isotope analysis method based on carbon stable isotopic ratio measurement of the three major volatile garlic compounds allyl alcohol (AA), diallyl disulphide (DD) and diallyl trisulphide (DT) through head-space solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) was developed. A within-day standard deviation (Sr) of 0.3 ‰, 0.4 ‰ and 0.2 ‰ for (C) and a between-day standard deviation (Sr) of 0.8 ‰, 1.0 ‰ and 0.6 ‰ of AA, DT and DD was estimated. For the first time, the ranges of isotopic variability for the three volatile compounds of red garlic from two neighbouring Italian regions (Abruzzo and Lazio) were defined analysing 30 samples. The same dataset was also considered in analysing the percentage composition of the previously mentioned three volatile compounds through HS-SPME followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The two analytical approaches were combined in this explorative study, aiming to provide potential parameters to discriminate garlic samples based on their geographical origin.
PubMed: 38726102
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30248