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Frontiers in Nutrition 2024Specific nutrients found in food, such as minerals, antioxidants, and macronutrients, have a significant impact on immune function and human health. However, there is...
PURPOSE
Specific nutrients found in food, such as minerals, antioxidants, and macronutrients, have a significant impact on immune function and human health. However, there is currently limited research exploring the relationship between specific nutrients, immune system function, and thyroid dysfunction commonly observed in autoimmune thyroid diseases, which manifest predominantly as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the connections between dietary traits and thyroid dysfunction, as well as the potential mediating role of immune cells, using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
METHODS
The two-step MR analysis used single-nucleotide polymorphisms as instruments, with a threshold of < 5e-08 for nutrients and thyroid dysfunction, and < 5e-06 for immune cells. Data from different GWAS databases and UK Biobank were combined to analyze 8 antioxidants and 7 minerals, while the data for 4 macronutrients came from a cohort of 235,000 individuals of European. The outcome data (hypothyroidism, = 3340; hyperthyroidism, = 1840; free thyroxin [FT4], = 49,269; thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], = 54,288) were source from the ThyroidOmics consortium. Immune trait data, including 731 immune phenotypes, were collected from the GWAS catalog.
RESULTS
The results revealed that nutrient changes, such as lycopene, toenail and blood selenium, and α-tocopherol, impacted the immune system. Immune cells also affected thyroid function, with cDC cells promoting hypothyroidism and median fluorescence intensity (MFI) phenotypes correlating strongly with FT4 levels. Toenail and blood selenium reduce the relative cell counts (RCC) phenotypes of immune cells (CD62L- plasmacytoid DC %DC and transitional B cells %Lymphocyte), thereby diminishing its promoting effect on hypothyroidis. Furthermore, toenail and blood selenium mainly impacted phenotypes in three types of T cells (CD25 + + CD8br, CD3 on CD45RA- CD4+, and CD45RA on Terminally Differentiated CD8br), reinforcing the negative regulation of FT4 levels.
CONCLUSION
The role of immune cells as mediators in the relationship between nutrients and thyroid dysfunction highlights their potential as diagnostic or therapeutic markers. Toenail and blood selenium levels can indirectly impact hypothyroidism by influencing the RCC levels of two types of immune cells, and can indirectly affect FT4 levels by influencing three types of T cells.
PubMed: 38840695
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1378969 -
ACS Applied Bio Materials Jun 2024Tannic acid (TA) possesses a notable ability to adhere to proline-rich proteins that make up skin cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the skin tissue. Drug...
Tannic acid (TA) possesses a notable ability to adhere to proline-rich proteins that make up skin cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the skin tissue. Drug carriers with this specific adhesion ability exhibit improved drug delivery efficiency on the skin. Taking advantage of this, this study presents skin-adhesive TA-conjugated lipid nanovesicles (TANVs) for enhanced transdermal antioxidant delivery. We found that TANVs exhibited selective intermolecular interactions with keratinocyte proline-rich proteins (KPRPs) and collagen that makes up skin cells by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, further enabling the strong bonding to macroscopic skin itself and ECM. We used vitamin E (α-tocopherol), which is known to effectively reduce oxidative stress but has limited skin penetration, as a drug to verify improved in vitro delivery and therapeutic efficacy. The evaluation revealed that the antioxidant-loaded TANVs exerted excellent scavenging effects against reactive oxygen species induced by ultraviolet light or peroxides in the skin, thereby enabling the development of an active drug delivery system for dermal therapy.
Topics: Antioxidants; Tannins; Particle Size; Animals; Lipids; Biocompatible Materials; Materials Testing; Humans; Skin; Administration, Cutaneous; Drug Carriers; Nanoparticles; Proline; Reactive Oxygen Species; Polyphenols
PubMed: 38828920
DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00168 -
Journal of Animal Science Jan 2024Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) is an antioxidant that is largely involved in immune defense and enhancing the ability of biological systems to respond to oxidative stress....
Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) is an antioxidant that is largely involved in immune defense and enhancing the ability of biological systems to respond to oxidative stress. During the process of free radical scavenging, vitamin C supports the regeneration of vitamin E. Although the functions of antioxidants and their importance have been widely studied, the intricate interplay between antioxidants has yet to be fully elucidated, especially in dogs and cats. As such, the objective of the present study was to determine the effect of a combination of dietary antioxidants on DNA damage and antioxidant status in dogs and cats. Forty adult mixed-breed dogs and 40 adult domestic shorthair cats were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups per species. Dogs and cats remained in these groups for the 84-d duration of the study. The food differed in antioxidant supplementation with the control food meeting all of the Association of American Feed Control Officials requirements for complete and balanced nutrition, including sufficient vitamin E to exceed the published minimum. The treatment diets were targeted to include either 500, 1,000, or 1,500 IU vitamin E/kg as well as 100 ppm of vitamin C and 1.5 ppm of β-carotene in the food. The effect of vitamin E supplementation level on serum vitamin E concentration, DNA damage, and total antioxidant power was evaluated. Feeding diets enriched with antioxidants resulted in an increased (P < 0.05) circulating vitamin E concentration, increased (P < 0.05) immune cell protection, reduced (P < 0.05) DNA damage in dogs, and an improved (P < 0.05) antioxidant status. Overall, these data demonstrated that feeding a dry kibble with an antioxidant blend inclusive of vitamin E, vitamin C, and β-carotene enhanced cell protection and improved antioxidant status in dogs and cats.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Cats; Antioxidants; DNA Damage; Diet; Animal Feed; Dietary Supplements; Male; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Vitamin E; Free Radicals; Oxidative Stress; beta Carotene
PubMed: 38828917
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae153 -
ACS Omega May 2024Suture-associated infections on surgical sites are known to be related to the surface characteristics of the sutures. The present study aimed to fabricate a novel...
Suture-associated infections on surgical sites are known to be related to the surface characteristics of the sutures. The present study aimed to fabricate a novel functional suture for surgical procedures and characterize its antioxidative, antimicrobial, and in vitro wound healing properties. St John's wort, , extract (eHp), and biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been combined and used for coating the silk sutures. Antioxidant, antimicrobial capacity, and in vitro wound healing potential of the coated sutures have been examined. The morphological and microanalytical examination of the coated sutures was also performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). According to the antioxidant activity tests, free radical scavenging and β-carotene linoleic acid tests revealed that the antioxidative potential of extract-AgNP combination (eHp-AgNP) at 10 mg/mL concentration was higher than those of positive controls, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol. Coating the sutures with eHp-AgNP resulted in a remarkable inhibition activity of the sutures against , which is a pathogenic member of human microbiota. When compared with the control groups, it was investigated that coating the sutures with eHp-AgNP stimulated the cell migration of the fibroblasts to heal the artificial wound. Due to their beneficial effects, the eHp-AgNP-coated silk sutures might be a potential antibacterial and wound healing accelerator for surgical approaches.
PubMed: 38826546
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09484 -
Journal of Basic Microbiology Jun 2024Pigments are widely used in food supplements envisaging attractive colors along with health benefits. The desired advancements in the nutraceutical and antioxidant...
Pigments are widely used in food supplements envisaging attractive colors along with health benefits. The desired advancements in the nutraceutical and antioxidant properties of pigments utilized in food products necessitate the search for novel additives. The present study is the first in the field to report the pigment-producing endolichenic bacteria, Bacillus sp. LDAB-1 from Dirinaria aegilita. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization of the bacterium emphasizes that ideal pigment production occurs when utilizing sucrose and sodium nitrate. The pigment was salted out and dialyzed for further qualitative characterization using ultraviolet-visible, fluorescence, and Fourier transform infrared spectra and the results corroborated the presence of betalains. The antioxidant activity of betalain is closer to the efficiency of α-tocopherol, which confers the pigment properties for antioxidant and nutraceutical significance. An optimal methodology for pigment affirmation is an issue when using an alternative methodology. Hence, the present assessment employs a comparative analysis of findings from both a spectrophotometric method and image processing technology encompassing RGB, CMYK, YCbCr, and L*a*b* color space models. Amongst these, the L*a*b* model potentially provides an effective modality for determining the pigment concentration. Bland-Altman plot analysis indicates similar consistency levels in betalain quantification by both methods at 95% confidence intervals, affirming the integrity and consistency of color image processing technology. Consequently, the present study represents novelty and innovativeness in reporting endolichenic Bacillus sp. LDAB-1 from D. aegilita and a rational image optimization protocol for pigment elucidation characteristics.
PubMed: 38825809
DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300721 -
Advances in Colloid and Interface... Aug 2024Take your vitamins, or don't? Vitamin E is one of the few lipophilic vitamins in the human diet and is considered an essential nutrient. Over the years it has proven to... (Review)
Review
Take your vitamins, or don't? Vitamin E is one of the few lipophilic vitamins in the human diet and is considered an essential nutrient. Over the years it has proven to be a powerful antioxidant and is commercially used as such, but this association is far from linear in physiology. It is increasingly more likely that vitamin E has multiple legitimate biological roles. Here, we review past and current work using neutron and X-ray scattering to elucidate the influence of vitamin E on key features of model membranes that can translate to the biological function(s) of vitamin E. Although progress is being made, the hundred year-old mystery remains unsolved.
Topics: Vitamin E; Humans; Neutron Diffraction; Antioxidants; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 38824717
DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103189 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jul 2024Several scientific studies have warned that the ingestion of dietary lipid oxidation products (LOPs) may initiate or exacerbate the development of several chronic...
Several scientific studies have warned that the ingestion of dietary lipid oxidation products (LOPs) may initiate or exacerbate the development of several chronic non-communicable diseases in humans. Indeed, the constantly increasing consumption of culinary oils by larger global populations indicates the need for scientific techniques to suppress the evolution of LOPs in thermo-oxidised oils. This study employed a 600.13 MHz frequency NMR spectrometer in evaluating the effect of 10, 50, and 100 ppm concentrations of chemical compounds reported to have antioxidant properties in continuously-stirred and thermally stressed polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich hemp seed oil at a frying temperature of 180℃ for 180 min. Research data acquired showed that the antioxidants α- and γ-tocopherol, γ-oryzanol, β-carotene, eugenol, resveratrol, ascorbyl palmitate, gentisic acid, and L-ascorbic acid all played a vital role in suppressing the evolution of secondary aldehydic lipid oxidation products in hemp seed oil. However, the most ineffective LOP-suppressing agent was L-lysine, an observation which may be accountable by its poor oil solubility. Nonetheless, trends deduced for compounds acting as antioxidants were mainly unique for each class of agent tested. Conversely, the antioxidant capacity of resveratrol was consistently higher, and this effect was found to be independent of its added amounts. This report provides a direct approach in developing scientific methods for the suppression of LOPs in thermo-oxidatively susceptible PUFA-rich cooking oils.
Topics: Antioxidants; Plant Oils; Hot Temperature; Cannabis; Lipid Peroxidation; Cooking; Seeds; Resveratrol; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Ascorbic Acid; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 38823855
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114415 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024The quality of meat, with a focus on compounds important for human health, is directly related to the rearing systems in which the animals are produced. The search for a...
INTRODUCTION
The quality of meat, with a focus on compounds important for human health, is directly related to the rearing systems in which the animals are produced. The search for a balanced diet, with an emphasis on low cholesterol and adequate levels of vitamins, aligns with society's emphasis on healthy eating, directly correlated with the importance of the offer made by producers for the cattle's diet.
OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY
The objective was to verify the impact of different rearing systems, in the Eastern Amazon, during the rainy season, on the concentrations of vitamins (A, E) and cholesterol in the muscle () of crossbred Nelore cattle, castrated, aged between 24 and 36 months, and weighing between 410 and 628 kg. Twelve animals, from each of the three pasture rearing systems: native pasture in flooded areas of Monte Alegre; native pasture in a flooded area of Santa Cruz do Arari; and pasture cultivated on dry land in São Miguel do Guamá, all located in Pará, Brazil-were sampled in commercial slaughterhouses.
RESULTS
A notable influence was observed in the concentrations of β-carotene ( < 0.01), α-Tocopherol ( = 0.02), β-Tocopherol ( < 0.01) and the combined sum of β-Tocotrienol and γ-Tocopherol ( < 0.01), as well as δ-Tocopherol ( < 0.01) when contrasting extensive with intensive systems (confinement). However, there was a difference in the content of vitamins and cholesterol between the isolated extensive systems, or between the four rearing systems ( > 0.05). Extensive systems, mainly in Monte Alegre, demonstrated greater amounts of α-Tocopherol and δ-Tocopherol.
CONCLUSION
On the other hand, the intensive system exhibited higher levels of other investigated compounds, clarifying the nutritional variations generated by different livestock rearing practices in the region. Therefore, the results obtained are innovative in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil, in addition to inspiring the development of new research to meet other demands in this field, and achieve additional results, such as determining which meat, coming from cattle in production systems in the country, presents the better compositional quality of vitamins and lipids.
PubMed: 38818497
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1331913 -
Journal of Medicine and Life Feb 2024Insulin is the cornerstone of treatment in type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, because of its protein structure, insulin has to be administered via injection, and many...
Insulin is the cornerstone of treatment in type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, because of its protein structure, insulin has to be administered via injection, and many attempts have been made to create oral formulations, especially using nanoparticles (NPs). The aim of this study was to compare the hypoglycemic effect of insulin-loaded NPs to that of subcutaneous insulin in an in vivo rat model of diabetes. We used biodegradable D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate-emulsified, chitosan-capped poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) NPs loaded with soluble human insulin in a dose of 20 IU/kg body weight, and examined the physical characteristics of NPs in vivo and in vitro. Serum glucose levels were reduced after 6 h, but the difference was not significant compared to subcutaneous insulin; at 12 h and 24 h, insulin levels were significantly higher in rats treated with NPs than in rats treated with subcutaneous insulin. There was no significant difference in serum insulin levels at 12 h and 24 h compared to non-diabetic rats. Our findings suggest that chitosan-based NPs are able to maintain good glycemic control for up to 24 h and can be considered a potential carrier for oral insulin delivery.
Topics: Animals; Nanoparticles; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Insulin; Rats; Administration, Oral; Male; Streptozocin; Hyperglycemia; Chitosan; Blood Glucose; Hypoglycemic Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 38813352
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0355 -
Pharmaceutical Development and... Jun 2024The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different functional stabilizers on drug performances after oral administration of drug nanocrystals....
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different functional stabilizers on drug performances after oral administration of drug nanocrystals. Quercetin nanocrystals (QT-NCs) respectively stabilized by five types of functional stabilizers, including hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose E15 (HPMC E15), poloxamer 407 (P407), poloxamer 188 (P188), D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), and glycyrrhizin acid (GL), were fabricated by wet media milling technique. The particle size, morphology, physical state, drug solubility, drug dissolution , and orally pharmacokinetic behaviors of all QT-NCs were investigated. All QT-NCs with similar particle size about 200 nm were obtained by controlling milling speed and milling time. No significant differences in particles shape and crystalline nature were found for QT-NCs stabilized by different functional stabilizers. But the solubility and dissolution of QT-NCs were significantly influenced by the different functional stabilizers. The AUC of all QT-NCs after oral administration was in the following order: QT-NCs/P188 ≈ QT-NCs/HPMC E15 > QT-NCs/GL > QT-NCs/P407 ≈ QT-NCs/TPGS, and the showed an order of QT-NCs/P407 > QT-NCs/P188 ≈ QT-NCs/GL > QT-NCs/HPMC E15 > QT-NCs/TPGS. Both of QT-NCs/P407 and QT-NCs/TPGS exhibited faster oral absorption with at 0.5 h and 0.83 h, respectively, while the other three QT-NCs (QT-NCs/P188, QT-NCs/GL and QT-NCs/HPMC E15) showed a relatively slow absorption with same at 5.33 h. The longest MRT (11.72 h) and (32.22 h) were observed for QT-NCs/HPMC E15. These results suggested that the different functional stabilizers could significantly influence on drug solubility, drug dissolution and orally pharmacokinetic behavior of QT-NCs, and it is possible to alter the drug dissolution , oral absorption and drug retention by changing the type of functional stabilizers in NCs preparation.
PubMed: 38808380
DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2361654