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IDCases 2023is an anaerobic, gram-positive coccus rarely identified as a pathogenic organism. However, case reports have suggested as a causative pathogen in bacteremia,...
is an anaerobic, gram-positive coccus rarely identified as a pathogenic organism. However, case reports have suggested as a causative pathogen in bacteremia, nosocomial pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, synovitis, cholecystitis, and ophthalmologic infections. Herein, we present the first case of causing native mitral valve infective endocarditis. With the exception of erythromycin, the isolate displayed favorable minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) to all other antibiotics tested, including beta-lactams, levofloxacin, and vancomycin. The patient was successfully treated with a 6-week course of intravenous (IV) ceftriaxone followed by robotically assisted cardiac valve repair.
PubMed: 37645537
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01818 -
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2023is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC) that colonizes the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Recent advances in bacterial identification have confirmed the...
is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC) that colonizes the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Recent advances in bacterial identification have confirmed the clinical importance of . Here, we report a case of empyema with bacteremia caused by . We successfully treated the patient with the appropriate antibiotics and drainage. can cause respiratory infections, including empyema, which can progress to bacteremia if treatment is delayed. In infections, not only the oral cavity but also the entire body must be investigated to clarify the entry mechanism.
PubMed: 37577121
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101892 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Sep 2023Melissococcus plutonius is a Gram-positive lanceolate coccus that is the causative agent of European foulbrood, an important bacterial disease of honey bee brood.... (Review)
Review
Melissococcus plutonius is a Gram-positive lanceolate coccus that is the causative agent of European foulbrood, an important bacterial disease of honey bee brood. Although this bacterium was originally described in the early 20th century, a culture method for this bacterium was not established until more than 40 years after its discovery due to its fastidious characteristics, including the requirement for high potassium and anaerobic/microaerophilic conditions. These characteristics were considered to be common to the majority of M. plutonius strains isolated worldwide, and M. plutonius was also thought to be genetically homologous or clonal for years. However, non-fastidious variants of this species (designated as atypical M. plutonius) were very recently identified in Japan. Although the morphology of these unusual strains was similar to that of traditionally well-known M. plutonius strains, atypical strains were genetically very different from most of the M. plutonius strains previously isolated and were highly virulent to individual bee larva. These atypical variants were initially considered to be unique to Japan, but were subsequently found worldwide; however, the frequency of isolation varied from country to country. The background of the discovery of atypical M. plutonius in Japan and current knowledge on atypical strains, including their biochemical and culture characteristics, virulence, detection methods, and global distribution, are described in this review. Remaining mysteries related to atypical M. plutonius and directions for future research are also discussed.
Topics: Bees; Animals; Virulence; Larva; Enterococcaceae; Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 37460304
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0180 -
Access Microbiology 2023, a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus, is a common constituent of the human gut microbiota but rarely causes any disease in humans. Herein, we report a case of...
, a Gram-positive anaerobic coccus, is a common constituent of the human gut microbiota but rarely causes any disease in humans. Herein, we report a case of bacteraemia in an immunocompromised 73-year-old man with sigmoid colon perforation. is usually reported as Gram-positive diplococci or short chains on Gram staining; however, in our patient, a blood isolate showed Gram-positive cocci in long chains, and organisms from an anaerobic subculture showed morphological diversity. This case provides insight into the morphological diversity of , which might help with the recognition of these bacteria in the preliminary identification stage on Gram staining.
PubMed: 37424554
DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000442 -
Cureus Mar 2023species are gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC) that are found in the human flora, such as the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract, and can be...
species are gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC) that are found in the human flora, such as the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract, and can be pathogenic. Septic abortion caused by species has been reported only three times in the literature. Here, we present a case of bacteremia as a complication of septic abortion.
PubMed: 37041893
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35978 -
Journal of Spine Surgery (Hong Kong) Mar 2023() is an anaerobic Gram-positive coccus, common commensal of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans. Anaerobic organisms as etiologic agents of bone and joint...
BACKGROUND
() is an anaerobic Gram-positive coccus, common commensal of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans. Anaerobic organisms as etiologic agents of bone and joint infections (BJI) are uncommon and frequently underestimated. New technologies, such as mass spectrometry techniques and molecular techniques like 16S rRNA, allow for more efficient diagnosis of these anaerobic bacteria. We present the first case report of deep surgical site infection (SSI) due to , following spinal surgery.
CASE DESCRIPTION
We report the case of a deep SSI caused by following posterior spinal instrumentation in an 81-year-old woman. The patient underwent extension of her previous fusion L2-L5, due to adjacent segment disease (ASD). We performed a T10 to S2-alar-iliac instrumentation. During the postoperative period, the patient presented with a paralytic ileus that required the placement of a nasogastric tube followed by gastrointestinal bleeding and two gastroscopies. Subsequently the patient showed signs of deep SSI. We performed surgical irrigation and debridement. All six cultures in anaerobic media showed short Gram-positive diplococci, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (Maldi-TOF MS) all six strains were identified as . The patient was treated with amoxicilin 1 g/8 h and ciprofloxacin 750 mg/12 h for 4 weeks. Six months postoperative, she was asymptomatic.
CONCLUSIONS
As is the case with our patient, all previously described cases of infection had a history of intestinal disease or immunosupression. We believe the isolation of should raise the possibility of intestinal injury. Immunosuppression is also an important risk factor for the development of infection.
PubMed: 37038414
DOI: 10.21037/jss-22-81 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports Nov 2022Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a challenging complication of joint replacement surgery. With the more frequent use of immune modifying drugs and dietary...
INTRODUCTION
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a challenging complication of joint replacement surgery. With the more frequent use of immune modifying drugs and dietary changes in human populations, the resultant blunting of immune defenses allows for infections with less common organisms.
CASE REPORT
Lactococcus garvieae is an anaerobic, gram-positive coccus with reservoirs in fish and domesticated farm animals. Only two prior cases of PJI due to L. garvieae have been reported, both with reported marine transmission. We report a case of L. garvieae associated PJI in a cattle rancher with the first reported case of transmission from a bovine reservoir. The PJI was associated with intra-articular rice body formation, and the diagnosis confirmed with the aid of next generation DNA sequencing. A successful two stage exchange was performed. We propose a novel transmission mechanism with microbe entry via direct hematogenous inoculation during the patient's duties as a rancher.
CONCLUSION
When an unusual organism is detected in a PJI, the treatment team should research the host reservoir(s) of the organism and correlate with the patient's exposure risk. While contamination of cultures is possible, a thorough investigation should be performed prior to that assumption. This reinforces the basic concept that a careful history remains vital when treating an unusual infection presentation. Next generation DNA sequencing is a useful confirmatory tool in establishing the offending organism. Lastly, the identification of rice bodies should raise suspicion for infection. Although not always associated with infection, efforts should be redoubled to identify or rule out a causative micro-organism(s).
PubMed: 37013241
DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2022.v12.i11.3422 -
Cureus Feb 2023is an anaerobic gram-positive coccus that can resist the acidic media of the stomach and cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Here, we report the case of a 43-year-old male...
is an anaerobic gram-positive coccus that can resist the acidic media of the stomach and cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Here, we report the case of a 43-year-old male patient with a history of schizophrenia presenting with abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting, early satiety, and weight loss. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast revealed a severely dilated stomach and signs of gastric outlet obstruction on multiple occasions. The endoscopic evaluation showed a dilated stomach, and biopsies revealed non-specific gastritis, negative , and positive with metaplasia. Medical treatment with proton pump inhibitors, pro-kinetics, ciprofloxacin, and metronidazole failed to improve his symptoms. Finally, the patient was managed surgically with distal gastrectomy with Roux en Y reconstruction, and gastrostomy tube placement was done with satisfactory improvement in his symptoms.
PubMed: 37007337
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35523 -
Cureus Jan 2023is a Gram-positive anaerobic found in soil that is a rare cause of inflammatory infections of the GI tract. This bacterium has a propensity for causing gastritis in...
is a Gram-positive anaerobic found in soil that is a rare cause of inflammatory infections of the GI tract. This bacterium has a propensity for causing gastritis in patients with delayed gastric emptying. Of the 66 reported cases in the literature, 10 involved the esophagus. Symptoms of an esophageal infection are non-specific and may be mistaken for long-standing gastroesophageal reflux. We present a case of a 67-year-old female with chronic dysphagia and reflux diagnosed with erosive esophagitis caused by . Treatment strategies documented in the literature are reviewed.
PubMed: 36852351
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34230