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BMJ Case Reports Nov 2021is a Gram-positive anaerobic facultative coccus that colonises the skin. Human infection is rare, with very few cases being described in the literature. The authors...
is a Gram-positive anaerobic facultative coccus that colonises the skin. Human infection is rare, with very few cases being described in the literature. The authors present the case of a 17-year-old man, with a history of cholesteatoma, diagnosed with mastoiditis complicated by intracranial empyema. After urgent surgical drainage, Gram staining revealed a Gram-negative bacillus and a Gram-positive coccus. The latter exhibited fastidious growth, presented as small grey colonies in blood agar, and was afterwards identified as The patient was started on intravenous antibiotics, switched to oral route after 8 weeks and fully recovered. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third case of an intracranial infection in which is involved, two of them occurring in patients with cholesteatoma.
Topics: Adolescent; Empyema; Firmicutes; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Cocci; Humans; Male
PubMed: 34753723
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-244600 -
Anaerobe Dec 2021Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC) found in the gastrointestinal and vaginal microbiota. The organism is mainly found in... (Review)
Review
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius: Pathogenicity, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility. Review of monobacterial infections and addition of a case of urinary tract infection directly identified from a urine sample by MALDI-TOF MS.
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC) found in the gastrointestinal and vaginal microbiota. The organism is mainly found in polymicrobial and scarcely in monobacterial infections such as prosthetic and native endocarditis. Anaerobic bacteria have rarely been reported as the cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). Although GPAC are susceptible to most antimicrobials used against anaerobic infections, P. anaerobius has shown to be more resistant. Herein, we report a case of UTI caused by P. anaerobius from a 62-year-old man with a history of urological disease. Surprisingly, the microorganism was directly identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) from the urine sample. The isolate was successfully identified by phenotypic methods, MALDI-TOF MS, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. P. anaerobius showed no β-lactamase-producing activity, was resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, and displayed intermediate susceptibility to ampicillin-sulbactam and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Successful treatment was achieved with oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) should be performed on P. anaerobius isolates due to their unpredictable AST patterns and because empirically administered antimicrobial agents may not be active. This report shows that MALDI-TOF MS, directly used in urine specimens, may be a quick option to diagnose UTI caused by P. anaerobius or other anaerobic bacteria. This review is a compilation of monobacterial infections caused by P. anaerobius published in the literature, their pathogenicity, identification, and data about the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. anaerobius.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Disease Susceptibility; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Molecular Typing; Peptostreptococcus; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 34626800
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102461 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2021is an oral anaerobic Gram-positive coccus and is a commensal of the mouth, and it is rarely isolated in prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) and even less frequently...
is an oral anaerobic Gram-positive coccus and is a commensal of the mouth, and it is rarely isolated in prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) and even less frequently related to a preceding dental procedure with eventual hematogenous seeding of the prosthetic joint. Here, we present a case of a 56-year-old male with a prosthetic hip joint who developed prosthetic hip joint infection with symptoms starting a few days after a dental procedure and not having received periprocedural antibiotic prophylaxis. He recovered well with surgical intervention and antimicrobial therapy. We conducted a literature review of prosthetic hip joint infections caused by as well as briefly discuss current guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with prosthetic joints undergoing dental procedures and some knowledge gaps.
PubMed: 34589242
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9042790 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Sep 2021A Gram-stain-negative, coccus-shaped, obligately anaerobic, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain JN500902, was isolated from the mud in a...
A Gram-stain-negative, coccus-shaped, obligately anaerobic, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain JN500902, was isolated from the mud in a fermentation cellar used continuously over 30 years for Chinese strong-flavour production. Colonies were white, circular, convex and smooth-edged. Growth was observed at 20-40 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 5.0-10 (optimum, pH 7.5), with 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl and with 0-4 % (v/v) ethanol. The Biolog assay demonstrated positive reactions of strain JN500902 in the metabolism of l-fucose and pyruvate. The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) consisted of C and C. The major end metabolites of strain JN500902 were acetic acid and ethanol when incubated anaerobically in liquid reinforced clostridial medium. Acetate was the major organic acid end product. The complete genome size of strain JN500902 was 3 420 321 bp with 3327 identified genes. The G+C content was 43.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated strain JN500902 with the family , having low sequence similarity (92.8 %) to the nearest type strain, DSM 3224 and forming a clearly distinct branch. Core genome phylogenetic analysis of the isolate and 134 strains belonging to the family also revealed that strain JN500902 was well-separated from other genera of this family as a monophyletic clade. The average nucleotide identity and amino acid identity values between strain JN500902 and 134 strains were less than 74 and 65 %, respectively. Considering its polyphasic characteristics, strain JN500902 represents a novel genus and species within the family , for which the name gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JN500902 (=CICC 24502=JCM 33939).
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; China; Clostridiales; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Fermentation; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 34499596
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004991 -
Archives of Microbiology Nov 2021Thanks to its ability to isolate previously uncultured bacterial species, culturomics has dynamized the study of the human microbiota. A new bacterial species, Gemella...
Thanks to its ability to isolate previously uncultured bacterial species, culturomics has dynamized the study of the human microbiota. A new bacterial species, Gemella massiliensis Marseille-P3249, was isolated from a sputum sample of a healthy French man. Strain Marseille-P3249 is a facultative anaerobe, catalase-negative, Gram positive, coccus, and unable to sporulate. The major fatty acids were C (34%), C (28%), C (15%) and C (13%). Its 16S rRNA sequence exhibits a 98.3% sequence similarity with Gemella bergeri strain 617-93, its phylogenetically closest species with standing in nomenclature. Its digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and OrthoANI values with G. bergeri of only 59.7 ± 5.6% and 94.8%, respectively. These values are lower than the thresholds for species delineation (> 70% and > 95%, respectively). This strain grows optimally at 37 °C and its genome is 1.80 Mbp long with a 30.5 mol% G + C content. Based on these results, we propose the creation of the new species Gemella massilienis sp. nov., strain Marseille-P3249 (= CSUR P3249 = DSMZ 103940).
Topics: Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gemella; Humans; Male; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sputum
PubMed: 34420080
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02493-2 -
Systematic and Applied Microbiology Sep 2021A Gram-positive, anaerobic coccus isolated from a human surgical site infection was previously shown to belong to an unknown species of the genus Peptoniphilus initially... (Review)
Review
Peptoniphilus nemausensis sp. nov. A new Gram-positive anaerobic coccus isolated from human clinical samples, an emendated description of the genus Peptoniphilus and an evaluation of the taxonomic status of Peptoniphilus species with not validly published names.
A Gram-positive, anaerobic coccus isolated from a human surgical site infection was previously shown to belong to an unknown species of the genus Peptoniphilus initially proposed as 'Peptoniphilus nemausus' sp. nov., based on both 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 97.9% with the most closely related species Peptoniphilus coxii and an individualized phylogenetic branching within the genus Peptoniphilus. A polyphasic characterization of the novel species is proposed herein. Whole genome sequence analysis showed an average nucleotide identity value of 84.75% and digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 28.9% against P. coxii type strain. The strain displayed unique features among members of the genus Peptoniphilus, as it was able to hydrolyze aesculin, and produced acetate as the major metabolic end-product without associated production of butyrate. Growth was observed under microaerophilic conditions. From all these data, the isolate is confirmed as belonging to a new Peptoniphilus species, for which the name Peptoniphilus nemausensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1804121828 (=LMG 31466 = CECT 9935). A database survey using a highly polymorphic partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of P. nemausensis revealed P. nemausensis to be a particularly rare skin-associated species in humans. An emendated description of the Peptoniphilus genus is proposed based on a review of the characteristics of the 12 new species with validly published names since the genus description in 2001 and of P. nemausensis. Finally, the relationships between members of the genus Peptoniphilus were explored based on whole genome sequence analysis in order to clarify the taxonomic status of not yet validly published species showing that three pairs of species should be considered as synonyms: Peptoniphilus timonensis and 'Peptoniphilus phoceensis', Peptoniphilus lacydonensis and 'Peptoniphilus rhinitidis', Peptoniphilus tyrrelliae and Peptoniphilus senegalensis.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Firmicutes; Humans; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 34385044
DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2021.126235 -
Clinical Laboratory Jul 2021Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccus forming grape like clusters performing both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Most strains of S. aureus ferment mannitol... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccus forming grape like clusters performing both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Most strains of S. aureus ferment mannitol and they form characteristic golden yellow colonies. They produce catalase, coagulase, and extracellular cell clumping factor. Some strains can also produce capsules. It is a major commensal bacterium and a human pathogen that causes a wide range of clinical infections including abscesses of various organs, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, arthritis, and sepsis. S. aureus is the key organism for food poisoning and it is the third most important cause of food borne disorders in the world.
METHODS
We reviewed all the relevant literature available on PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We selected different scientific studies and reports published in English language which addressed prevalence, pathogenesis, burden and laboratory diagnosis methods of S. aureus to compile the current review.
RESULTS
Staphylococcus aureus has an outstanding ability to acquire resistance to most classes of antimicrobial agents. This successful and adaptable resistance has made treatment and control of staphylococcal infections increasingly difficult. Expression of virulence factors of S. aureus is controlled by bacterial cell density and many environmental factors such as pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. There are different mechanisms that microorganisms use to prevent attack by antimicrobial agents. These include limiting uptake of the drug, modification of the drug target, inactivation of the drug, and active efflux of the drug. Specimens collected for diagnosis of S. aureus infection depend on the type of infection. The samples for diagnosis are pus, sputum, blood, feces, vomit and the remains of suspected food, and nasal swab for the detection of carriers. Gram stain, culture, biochemical tests, serological tests and molecular techniques are the common laboratory diagnosis methods.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Multidrug resistant S. aureus strains are emerging and current antibiotics are not efficacious against such strains. Both active and passive immunization strategies have thus far failed to show efficacy in humans. Therefore, infection preventive measures, and further research is required to develop vaccines and antibiotics to target this pathogen.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Coagulase; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 34258960
DOI: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2020.200930 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Aug 2021A Gram-stain-positive, non-pigmented, coccus-shaped, facultatively anaerobic and α-hemolytic bacterium designated as INB8 was isolated from a hypersaline marine water...
Reclassification of Facklamia ignava, Facklamia sourekii and Facklamia tabacinasalis as Falseniella ignava gen. nov., comb. nov., Hutsoniella sourekii gen. nov., comb. nov., and Ruoffia tabacinasalis gen. nov., comb. nov., and description of Ruoffia halotolerans sp. nov., isolated from hypersaline...
A Gram-stain-positive, non-pigmented, coccus-shaped, facultatively anaerobic and α-hemolytic bacterium designated as INB8 was isolated from a hypersaline marine water sample collected at the Inland Sea of Qatar. The isolate was able to grow at 25-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5-11 and with 2-8% NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain INB8 was placed within the family Aerococcaceae with the highest sequence similarity to Facklamia tabacinasalis CCUG 30090 (99.5%), followed by Facklamia hominis CCUG 36813 (93.9%), Facklamia sourekii Y17312 (93.8%), Facklamia ignava CCUG 37419 (93.6%), Facklamia miroungae CCUG 42728 (93.5%), Suicoccus acidiformans ZY16052 (93.5%), Facklamia languida CCUG 37842 (93.2%), Ignavigranum ruoffiae (93.1%), and Dolosicoccus paucivorans DSM 15742 (90.8%). Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain INB8 and F. tabacinasalis CCUG 30090 were determined to be 94.5% and 58.9% respectively, confirming strain INB8 represents a novel species. The major fatty acids were C C C and C ω9c The G + C content of strain INB8 determined from the genome was 36.3 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic information, it is proposed that Facklamia tabacinasalis should be reclassified as Ruoffia tabacinasalis, Facklamia ignava be reclassified as Falseniella ignava, and Facklamia sourekii be reclassified Hutsoniella sourekii. It is further proposed that strain INB8 should be classified as a species of the genus Ruoffia for which the name Ruoffia halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is INB8 (= LMG 30291 = CCUG 70701 = QCC/B60/17).
Topics: Aerococcaceae; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Qatar; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 34181136
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01587-7 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jun 2021An obligately anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterial strain designated AGMB00490 was isolated from swine faeces. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based...
An obligately anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterial strain designated AGMB00490 was isolated from swine faeces. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus and that the most closely related species is WAL 10418 (=KCTC 5947, 97.22 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Whole genome sequence analysis determined that the DNA G+C content of strain AGMB00490 was 31.2 mol% and moreover that the genome size and numbers of tRNA and rRNA genes were 2 129 517 bp, 34 and 10, respectively. Strain AGMB00490 was negative for oxidase and urease; positive for catalase, indole production, arginine arylamidase, leucine arylamidase, tyrosine arylamidase and histidine arylamidase; and weakly positive for phenylalanine arylamidase and glycine arylamidase. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) of the isolate were determined to be C and C ω9. Strain AGMB00490 produced acetic acid as a major end product of metabolism. Accordingly, phylogenetic, physiologic and chemotaxonomic analyses revealed that strain AGMB00490 represents a novel species for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AGMB00490 (=KCTC 15944=NBRC 114159).
Topics: Animals; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Clostridiales; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Gram-Positive Cocci; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Republic of Korea; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Swine
PubMed: 34125664
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004836 -
Current Microbiology Jul 2021Strain Marseille-P2012 was described to represent a new bacterial genus belonging to the phylum Firmicutes using the taxonogenomics concept. It was isolated from stool...
Strain Marseille-P2012 was described to represent a new bacterial genus belonging to the phylum Firmicutes using the taxonogenomics concept. It was isolated from stool samples of a healthy 2-year-old Senegalese boy in a study of the human gut microbiota. This strain is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Marseille-P2012 exhibited 90.5% similarity with Finegoldia magna strain ATCC 29,328, the phylogenetically closest species with standing in nomenclature. The genome of strain Marseille-P2012 is 1,832,315 bp-long with 32.46 mol% of G + C content. With regard to its phenotypic, biochemical and genomic characteristics, this bacterium was classified as a new bacterial genus and species, Lagierella massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., with strain Marseille-P2012 (= CSUR P2012 = DSM100854) as type strain.
Topics: Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; Feces; Firmicutes; Humans; Male; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34043027
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02539-0