-
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2024Myocardial ischemia (MI) is a significant contributor to ischemic heart diseases like angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Reactive oxygen species produced during...
Salvia miltiorrhiza stem-leaf of total phenolic acid conversion products alleviate myocardial ischemia by regulating metabolic profiles, intestinal microbiota and metabolites.
Myocardial ischemia (MI) is a significant contributor to ischemic heart diseases like angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Reactive oxygen species produced during MI can trigger lipid peroxidation, damaging cell structure and function. Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) has been widely used clinically in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, in the process of rooting, the aboveground parts of this plant are usually discarded by tons. To make better use of these plant resources, the phenolic acids extracted and purified from the aerial part of SM were studied and chemically transformed, and the potential protective effect and possible mechanism of salvianolic acids containing a higher content of salvianolic acid A on MI were obtained. The transformed products of SM stem-leaves total phenolic acids with 8.16 % salvianolic acid A showed a better protective effect on the isoproterenol (ISO)-induced acute MI injury rat model. It can improve ST segment changes and has good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects. In addition, the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the related metabolic levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenylalanine and glycerophospholipids were improved. This was achieved by reducing the abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibaculum, and L-phenylalanine levels. In addition, the abundance of probiotics in Butyricoccus, Roseburia, and norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, as well as the contents of propionic acid and isobutyric acid, LPCs and PCs were increased. In conclusion, total phenolic acids of SM stem-leaves showed protective effects against ISO-induced rats, especially the strongest effect after conversion, which is a new option for the prevention and treatment of MI.
PubMed: 38941891
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117055 -
Scientific Data Jun 2024Accurate differentiation between angina with no obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA) and mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is crucial for tailored...
Accurate differentiation between angina with no obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA) and mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is crucial for tailored treatment strategies, yet public data scarcity hampers understanding. Given the higher incidence of both conditions in women, this study prospectively enrolled 80 female ANOCA and 39 age-matched female controls, subjecting them to three types of mental stress tasks. ECGs were continuously monitored across Rest, Stress, and Recover stages of the mental stress tasks, with PET/CT imaging during the Stress stage to evaluate myocardial perfusion. With PET/CT serving as the gold standard for MSIMI diagnosis, 35 of the 80 ANOCA patients were diagnosed as MSIMI. Using ECG variables from different stages of mental stress tasks, we developed five machine learning models to diagnose MSIMI. The results showed that ECG data from different stages provide valuable information for MSIMI classification. Additionally, the dataset encompassed demographic details, physiological, and blood sample test results of the patients. We anticipate this new dataset will significantly push further progress in ANOCA and MSIMI research.
Topics: Humans; Female; Myocardial Ischemia; Stress, Psychological; Electrocardiography; Machine Learning; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Middle Aged; Angina Pectoris; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 38937514
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03462-2 -
Biomedicines Jun 2024Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease with high mortality, high morbidity, and high disability. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury seriously affects the...
Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease with high mortality, high morbidity, and high disability. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucuronide (LGU) is a major active flavonoid compound extracted from Hance, a Chinese medicinal herb mainly used for the treatment of coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, cerebral infarction, etc. In the present study, the protective effect of LGU on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was investigated in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) neuronal model and a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rat model. In in vitro experiments, LGU was found to improve the OGD/R-induced decrease in neuronal viability effectively by the MTT assay. In in vivo experiments, neurological deficit scores, infarction volume rates, and brain water content rates were improved after a single intravenous administration of LGU. These findings suggest that LGU has significant protective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro and in vivo. To further explore the potential mechanism of LGU on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, we performed a series of tests. The results showed that a single administration of LGU decreased the content of EB and S100B and ameliorated the abnormal expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin and metalloproteinase MMP-9 in the ischemic cerebral cortex of the tMCAO 24-h injury model. In addition, LGU also improved the tight junction structure between endothelial cells and the degree of basement membrane degradation and reduced the content of TNF-α and IL-1β in the brain tissue. Thereby, LGU attenuated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by improving the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. The present study provides new insights into the therapeutic potential of LGU in cerebral ischemia.
PubMed: 38927572
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061366 -
Metabolites May 2024Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Eicosanoids are a group of bioactive metabolites that are mainly oxidized by...
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Eicosanoids are a group of bioactive metabolites that are mainly oxidized by arachidonic acid. Eicosanoids play a diverse role in cardiovascular diseases, with some exerting beneficial effects while others have detrimental consequences. However, a causal relationship between eicosanoid levels and cardiovascular disease remains unclear. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with strong associations with plasma eicosanoid levels were selected. Summary-level data for cardiovascular disease were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies. A two-sample MR analysis identified that plasma eicosanoid levels were inversely correlated with unstable angina pectoris (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1-1.12; = 0.04), myocardial infarction (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02-1.09; = 0.005), ischemia stroke (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1-1.11; = 0.047), transient ischemic attack (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1-1.07; = 0.042), heart failure (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.05; = 0.011), and pulmonary embolism (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.02-1.14; = 1.69 × 10). In conclusion, our data strongly suggest a genetic causal link between high plasma eicosanoid levels and an increased cardiovascular disease risk. This study provides genetic evidence for treating cardiovascular diseases.
PubMed: 38921429
DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060294 -
Dentistry Journal May 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of resident dentists and new graduates regarding the etiology, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of the main...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of resident dentists and new graduates regarding the etiology, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of the main medical emergency conditions. The study included a sample of 152 new graduates and residents in the first, second, and third year of training in Prosthodontics and General Dentistry from the Faculty of Dental Medicine in Iasi, Romania. Their level of knowledge and the attitudes were assessed using a questionnaire with 24 questions, divided into four sections. The differences among groups were identified using the chi-square test ( < 0.05). A high level of knowledge was found among the three groups of subjects for the questions regarding the recognition of clinical signs in hypoglycemic crisis (88-100%), in anaphylactic shock (83.3-94.5%), and the treatment of angina pectoris (76.2-84.2%). In contrast, a low level of knowledge was found for the questions regarding pulse evaluation in the case of an emergency (26.3-35.7%), the parameters of normal breathing (28.9-43%), and the treatment of hypoglycemic crisis (27.8-44.8%). The study indicated that the dentists had a moderate understanding of dental office medical emergencies and preferred practical training over theoretical courses.
PubMed: 38920849
DOI: 10.3390/dj12060148 -
BMJ Case Reports Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Hot Temperature; Male; Hemorrhage; Angina Pectoris; Blister
PubMed: 38914527
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2024-261297 -
Cardiovascular Pathology : the Official... Jun 2024The potential of the pericardial space as a therapeutic delivery tool for cardiac fibrosis and heart failure (HF) treatment has yet to be elucidated. Recently, miRNAs... (Review)
Review
The potential of the pericardial space as a therapeutic delivery tool for cardiac fibrosis and heart failure (HF) treatment has yet to be elucidated. Recently, miRNAs and exosomes have been discovered to be present in human pericardial fluid (PF). Novel studies have shown characteristic human PF miRNA compositions associated with cardiac diseases and higher miRNA expressions in PF compared to peripheral blood. Five key studies found differentially expressed miRNAs in HF, angina pectoris, aortic stenosis, ventricular tachycardia, and congenital heart diseases with either atrial fibrillation or sinus rhythm. As miRNA-based therapeutics for cardiac fibrosis and HF showed promising results in several in vivo studies for multiple miRNAs, we hypothesize a potential role of miRNA-based therapeutics delivered through the pericardial cavity. This is underlined by the favorable results of the first phase 1b clinical trial in this emerging field. Presenting the first human miRNA antisense drug trial, inhibition of miR-132 by intravenous administration of a novel antisense oligonucleotide, CDR132L, established efficacy in reducing miR-132 in plasma samples in a dose-dependent manner. We screened the literature, provided an overview of the miRNAs and exosomes present in PF, and drew a connection to those miRNAs previously elucidated in cardiac fibrosis and HF. Further, we speculate about clinical implications and potential delivery methods.
PubMed: 38906439
DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107671 -
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science Jun 2024The evidence for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes or chronic heart failure was sufficient but lacking in acute...
The evidence for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes or chronic heart failure was sufficient but lacking in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Our aim was to investigate the effects of SGLT2i on cardiovascular outcomes in ACS patients. Studies of SGLT2i selection in ACS patients were searched and pooled. Outcomes included all-cause death, adverse cardiovascular events, cardiac remodeling as measured by the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD), cardiac function as assessed by the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and NT-proBNP, and glycemic control. Twenty-four studies with 12,413 patients were identified. Compared to the group without SGLT2i, SGLT2i showed benefits in reducing all-cause death (OR 0.72, 95% CI [0.61, 0.85]), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR 0.44, 95% CI [0.30, 0.64]), cardiovascular death (OR 0.66, 95% CI [0.54, 0.81]), heart failure (OR 0.52, 95% CI [0.44, 0.62]), myocardial infarction (OR 0.68, 95% CI [0.56, 0.83]), angina pectoris (OR 0.37, 95% CI [0.17, 0.78]), and stroke (OR 0.48, 95% CI [0.24, 0.96]). Results favored SGLT2i for LVEDD (MD -2.03, 95% CI [-3.29, -0.77]), LVEF (MD 3.22, 95% CI [1.71, 4.72]), and NT-proBNP (MD -171.53, 95% CI [-260.98, -82.08]). Thus, SGLT2i treatment reduces the risk of all-cause death and MACE and improves cardiac remodeling and function in ACS patients.
PubMed: 38898953
DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00076 -
Nutrition, Metabolism, and... May 2024Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) is pivotal in diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD). We explored the link between CAD severity and two biomarkers,...
Predicting coronary artery severity in patients undergoing coronary computed tomographic angiography: Insights from pan-immune inflammation value and atherogenic index of plasma.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) is pivotal in diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD). We explored the link between CAD severity and two biomarkers, Pan-Immune Inflammation Value (PIV) and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), in stable CAD patients.
METHODS AND RESULTS
A retrospective observational study of 409 CCTA patients with stable angina pectoris. Logistic regression identified predictors of severe CAD, stratified by CAD-RADS score. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves evaluated predictive performance. PIV and AIP were significant predictors of severe CAD (PIV: OR 1.002, 95% CI: 1.000-1.004, p < 0.021; AIP: OR 0.963, 95% CI: 0.934-0.993, p < 0.04). AUC values for predicting severe CAD were 0.563 (p < 0.001) for PIV and 0.625 (p < 0.05) for AIP. Combined with age, AUC improved to 0.662 (p < 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
PIV and AIP were associated with severe CAD, with AIP demonstrating superior predictive capability. Incorporating AIP into risk assessment could enhance CAD prediction, offering a cost-effective and accessible method for identifying individuals at high risk of coronary atherosclerosis.
PubMed: 38897846
DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.05.015 -
Herz Jun 2024Patients with angina and unobstructed coronary arteries (ANOCA) are frequently encountered in clinical practice. These cases represent a diagnostic and therapeutic... (Review)
Review
Patients with angina and unobstructed coronary arteries (ANOCA) are frequently encountered in clinical practice. These cases represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and are often characterized by a long patient journey until a diagnosis of coronary vasomotor disorders is established. Moreover, the unsatisfactory management of such patients leads to insecurity, ongoing symptoms, and psychological sequelae such as anxiety or depression. Currently, the psychological burden in patients with ANOCA is underestimated, underexplored, and undertreated. This review gives a new perspective on the pathophysiology of coronary vasomotor disorders including psychological risk factors and calls for comprehensive care by interdisciplinary ANOCA clinics.
PubMed: 38896153
DOI: 10.1007/s00059-024-05253-2