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Current Pharmaceutical Design May 2024Inflammation is an individual's physiological response to a sequence of physical, chemical, or infectious stressors acting mainly to provide localized protection....
Inflammation is an individual's physiological response to a sequence of physical, chemical, or infectious stressors acting mainly to provide localized protection. Although inflammation is a protective and thus beneficial process, its excess or prolonged action can be harmful to the body. An increasing number of the population worldwide are changing their lifestyles, which leads to a rise in inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, ulcerative colitis, cancer, and many more. Their treatment is based majorly on the pharmacological approach. However, natural products or bioactive compounds are of great significance in inflammation therapy because they show minimum side effects and maximum bioavailability. Therefore, it is critical to investigate bioactive substances that can modify target functions associated with oxidative stress defense and might be used to achieve various health benefits. This review accentuates the essence of bioactive chemicals used in the treatment of inflammation and other inflammatory illnesses. These bioactive compounds can be of any origin, such as plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, marine invertebrates, etc. Bioactive compounds derived from plant sources, such as glycyrrhizin, lignans, lycopene, resveratrol, indoles, and phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, work mainly by reducing oxidative stress and thereby preventing various inflammatory disorders. A large diversity of these anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds has also been discovered in marine environments, giving rise to an increase in the interest of various scientists in marine invertebrates and microbes. The vast diversity of microbes found in the marine environment represents an enormous supply to extract novel compounds, such as from bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, microalgae, tiny invertebrates, etc. In the present review, an attempt has been made to summarize such novel bioactive compounds that help prevent inflammatory responses via different mechanisms of action.
PubMed: 38818920
DOI: 10.2174/0113816128299615240513174041 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2024During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic it was speculated that the virus might be associated with a persistent increase of cardiovascular risk. The present study compares pre-...
BACKGROUND
During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic it was speculated that the virus might be associated with a persistent increase of cardiovascular risk. The present study compares pre- and post-pandemic hospital admission rates for hypertension and coronary artery disease.
METHODS
Systematic multicentric retrospective cohort analysis of 57.795 hospital admissions in an urban region in Germany during two different periods (pre-pandemic 01-06/2019 vs. post-pandemic era 01-06/2023). Information on hospital admissions for arterial hypertension, chronic coronary syndrome, unstable angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction were extracted from the hospitals data systems. Additionally, six comorbidities and performed coronary interventions were monitored.
RESULTS
Compared to the pre-pandemic era, there was no increase in hospitalizations for arterial hypertension (516 vs. 483, -6.8%, = 0.07) or myocardial infarction (487 vs. 349, -23.8%, < 0.001), but the total number of patient admissions with chest pain as the presenting symptom increased (chronic coronary syndrome: 759 vs. 943, +24.2%, < 0.001; unstable angina pectoris: 270 vs. 451, +67.0%, < 0.001). At the same time, the number of performed coronary angiographies increased, but less patients underwent percutaneous interventions. Patients admitted with chest pain in the post-pandemic era were in general healthier with less comorbidities.
CONCLUSION
The present multicenter cohort study found no evidence for an increase in hospitalizations for arterial hypertension or coronary artery disease after the end of the pandemic. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our results.
PubMed: 38812747
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1333749 -
Environmental Research May 2024Long-term particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM) exposure has been associated with the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the...
Long-term PM exposure associated with severity of angina pectoris and related health status in patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome: Modification effect of genetic susceptibility and disease history.
Long-term particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM) exposure has been associated with the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the impact of PM exposure and its components on the severity of angina pectoris and disease-related health status in patients hospitalized for ACS is understudied. To assess the association between long-term exposure to PM components and the angina pectoris severity in ACS patients, as well as the modification effects of genetic factors and disease history in north China. During 2017-2019, 6729 ACS patients were collected in Shandong Province and Beijing, with their angina pectoris severity evaluated using Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). The 0-3 years' average concentrations of PM and its five major components were assigned to each patient's residential address. Linear mixed-effects model, weighted quantile regression, and quantile g-computation were used to estimate the effects of both single and joint associations between PM components and SAQ scores. The interactive effect was estimated by polygenic risk scores and disease history. For each interquartile range increase in PM, the overall SAQ score changed by -3.71% (95%CI: -4.54% to -2.88%), with score of angina stability more affected than angina frequency and other dimensions of angina pectoris severity. Sulfate and ammonium were major contributors to the effect of PM exposure. Significant modification effect was only observed for disease history, especially for the dimension of physical limitation. Among a series of pre-existing diseases, patients with a family history of coronary artery disease, previous percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting, and stroke were more susceptible to PM exposure than others. Greater exposure to PM is associated with more serious angina pectoris and worse disease-related health status in ACS patients. Public health and clinical priority should be given to cutting down key effective components and protecting highly vulnerable individuals.
PubMed: 38810823
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119232 -
Sisli Etfal Hastanesi Tip Bulteni 2024Although the association of Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) with coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis is known, the relationship between AIP and in-stent...
OBJECTIVES
Although the association of Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) with coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis is known, the relationship between AIP and in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between AIP and ISR in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) treated with drug-eluting stent (DES).
METHODS
Patients with a history of DES implantation following stable angina were evaluated between January 2015 and November 2019 in this observational and retrospective study. 608 eligible patients were dichotomized into ISR+ (n=241) and ISR- (n=367). ISR was defined as the presence of 50% or greater stenosis. AIP was defined as log [TG/HDL-C].
RESULTS
AIP levels were significantly higher in patients who developed ISR compared with those who did not (0.33 [0.15-0.52] vs 0.06 [-0.08-0.21] respectively, p<0.001). The AUC value of AIP levels for predicting ISR was 0.746 (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that AIP, diabetes mellitus, higher LDL-C levels and lower LVEF values were independently associated with ISR.
CONCLUSION
Multivariate analysis revealed that AIP was strongly independently associated with ISR. Using this novel inexpensive and easily calculable index may provide early recognition of ISR in patients with SAP who were treated with DES.
PubMed: 38808058
DOI: 10.14744/SEMB.2024.40336 -
European Heart Journal. Case Reports May 2024Metastatic tumours, notably lung cancer, can cause conditions resembling acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs), contributing to the minor percentage of AMIs unrelated to...
BACKGROUND
Metastatic tumours, notably lung cancer, can cause conditions resembling acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs), contributing to the minor percentage of AMIs unrelated to coronary atherosclerosis. These instances necessitate specialized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches due to the distinct underlying pathology.
CASE SUMMARY
We report a case of a 65-year-old male with metastatic lung cancer presenting with prolonged angina pectoris. Elevated troponin and creatine kinase levels led to emergency catheterization, revealing a total occlusion of the distal left coronary artery attributed to tumour infiltration. Intervention attempts were unsuccessful, and given the palliative context, other revascularization strategies were not pursued. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram depicted tumour invasion at the heart's apex, confirming the diagnosis. The patient passed away shortly after receiving palliative radiation therapy.
DISCUSSION
This case underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing myocardial infiltrations from metastatic tumours mimicking AMI. It accentuates the importance of imaging studies for accurate diagnosis and the critical evaluation of intervention strategies, highlighting the need for focused palliative care in such complex scenarios.
PubMed: 38807942
DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytae243 -
Europace : European Pacing,... Jun 2024We examine the effects of symptoms and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and healthcare costs in a European population with... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Health-related quality of life and healthcare costs of symptoms and cardiovascular disease events in patients with atrial fibrillation: a longitudinal analysis of 27 countries from the EURObservational Research Programme on Atrial Fibrillation general long-term registry.
AIMS
We examine the effects of symptoms and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and healthcare costs in a European population with atrial fibrillation (AF).
METHODS AND RESULTS
In the EURObservational Research Programme on AF long-term general registry, AF patients from 250 centres in 27 European countries were enrolled and followed for 2 years. We used fixed effects models to estimate the association of symptoms and CVD events on HRQOL and annual healthcare costs. We found significant decrements in HRQOL in AF patients in whom ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) [-0.075 (95% confidence interval -0.144, -0.006)], angina or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) [-0.037 (-0.071, -0.003)], new-onset/worsening heart failure [-0.064 (-0.088, -0.039)], bleeding events [-0.031 (-0.059, -0.003)], thromboembolic events [-0.071 (-0.115, -0.027)], mild symptoms [0.037 (-0.048, -0.026)], or severe/disabling symptoms [-0.090 (-0.108, -0.072)] occurred during the follow-up. During follow-up, annual healthcare costs were associated with an increase of €11 718 (€8497, €14 939) in patients with STEMI, €5823 (€4757, €6889) in patients with angina/NSTEMI, €3689 (€3219, €4158) in patients with new-onset or worsening heart failure, €3792 (€3315, €4270) in patients with bleeding events, and €3182 (€2483, €3881) in patients with thromboembolic events, compared with AF patients without these events. Healthcare costs were primarily driven by inpatient costs. There were no significant differences in HRQOL or healthcare resource use between EU regions or by sex.
CONCLUSION
Symptoms and CVD events are associated with a high burden on AF patients and healthcare systems throughout Europe.
Topics: Humans; Atrial Fibrillation; Male; Registries; Female; Quality of Life; Health Care Costs; Europe; Aged; Longitudinal Studies; Middle Aged; Heart Failure; Angina Pectoris; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction; Time Factors; Hemorrhage; Risk Factors; Hospitalization
PubMed: 38807488
DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae146 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders May 2024In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to analyze the existing literature to evaluate the role of inflammatory biomarkers, including... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to analyze the existing literature to evaluate the role of inflammatory biomarkers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) among individuals with cardiac syndrome X (CSX) compared to healthy controls.
METHODS
We used PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Embase to systematically search relevant publications published before April 2, 2023. We performed the meta-analysis using Stata 11.2 software (Stata Corp, College Station, TX). So, we used standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) to compare the biomarker level between patients and healthy controls. The I and Cochran's Q tests were adopted to determine the heterogeneity of the included studies.
RESULTS
Overall, 29 articles with 3480 participants (1855 with CSX and 1625 healthy controls) were included in the analysis. There was a significantly higher level of NLR (SMD = 0.85, 95%CI = 0.55-1.15, I = 89.0 %), CRP (SMD = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.38 to 1.02, p < 0.0001), IL-6 (SMD = 5.70, 95%CI = 1.91 to 9.50, p = 0.003), TNF-a (SMD = 3.78, 95%CI = 0.63 to 6.92, p = 0.019), and PLR (SMD = 1.38, 95%CI = 0.50 to 2.28, p = 0.02) in the CSX group in comparison with healthy controls.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study showed that CSX leads to a significant increase in inflammatory biomarkers, including NLR, CRP, IL-6, TNF-a, and PLR.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers; Microvascular Angina; Inflammation Mediators; Neutrophils; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; C-Reactive Protein; Lymphocyte Count; Interleukin-6; Aged; Platelet Count; Adult; Blood Platelets; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Lymphocytes; Prognosis; Inflammation
PubMed: 38807048
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03939-3 -
Texas Heart Institute Journal May 2024Left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction (LVHT) is a cardiac abnormality of unknown pathogenesis, frequently associated with neuromuscular disorders. The...
BACKGROUND
Left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction (LVHT) is a cardiac abnormality of unknown pathogenesis, frequently associated with neuromuscular disorders. The relevance of coronary artery disease (CAD) in LVHT is largely unknown. This study aimed to assess the role of CAD as a prognostic marker in LVHT.
METHODS
Data from patients with LVHT were collected from an echocardiographic laboratory. The hospital information system was retrospectively screened for coronary angiography. The association of CAD with clinical, echocardiographic, and neurologic baseline parameters was assessed. End points were all-cause death and heart transplantation.
RESULTS
A total of 154 patients (mean [SD] age, 57 [13.7] years; 31% female) who had undergone coronary angiography between 1995 and 2020 were included in the study. Coronary angiography disclosed CAD in 53 of 154 patients. Patients with CAD were older (mean [SD] age of, 64.2 [12.9] years vs 52.7 [12.4] years; P < .001); more frequently had angina pectoris (P = .05), diabetes (P = .002), and hypertension (P = .03); and more frequently had 3 or more electrocardiographic abnormalities (P = .04) than patients without CAD. During a median (IQR) follow-up period of 6.48 (2.44-11.20) years, 39% of patients reached an end point (death, n = 56; heart transplantation, n = 4). Mortality was 4.5% per year, and the rate of death or heart transplantation did not differ between patients with and without CAD (P = .26). Patients with 3-vessel disease had a worse prognosis than patients with 1- or 2-vessel disease (P = .046).
CONCLUSION
In patients with LVHT, CAD does not appear to be associated with an increased rate of death or heart transplantation.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Coronary Angiography; Retrospective Studies; Prognosis; Coronary Artery Disease; Echocardiography; Heart Ventricles; Heart Transplantation; Aged; Ventricular Function, Left; Follow-Up Studies; Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium
PubMed: 38805371
DOI: 10.14503/THIJ-23-8287 -
American Family Physician May 2024
Topics: Humans; Angina, Stable; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Treatment Outcome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38804768
DOI: No ID Found -
Cureus Apr 2024An anomalous right coronary artery (RCA) takeoff, a rare congenital condition often characterized by an interarterial RCA course between the pulmonary artery and the...
Anomalous Right Coronary Artery With Interarterial Course: Risk Stratification and Surgical Decision-Making Using Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve.
An anomalous right coronary artery (RCA) takeoff, a rare congenital condition often characterized by an interarterial RCA course between the pulmonary artery and the ascending aorta, can lead to symptoms of angina pectoris (chest pain) or even sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to compression of the RCA, although most patients remain asymptomatic. In this case report, we highlight the utility of computed tomography angiography (CTA)-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR), a minimally invasive technique used to assess the hemodynamic significance of coronary lesions, in the risk stratification and surgical decision-making process for a 46-year-old female patient presenting with exertional dyspnea and an anomalous RCA takeoff with an interarterial course. The information obtained from this imaging modality was instrumental in determining that surgical repair did not need to be performed urgently and could be scheduled as an elective case in the future.
PubMed: 38800194
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58885