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Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer &... Dec 2022A 36-year-old woman visited a previous doctor with lower abdominal pain and nausea. Her former doctor's upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and CT scan showed giant folds...
A 36-year-old woman visited a previous doctor with lower abdominal pain and nausea. Her former doctor's upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and CT scan showed giant folds and wall thickening of the lower body of the stomach, and she was referred on suspicion of scirrhous gastric cancer. Similar findings were found on enhanced CT at our hospital. Endoscopic findings performed several days later showed red and thickened mucosa at the cardia, but no wall thickening and giant fold, and there were no findings suggestive of scirrhous gastric cancer. Biopsy showed no atypical cells, and a large number of eosinophils appeared in the lesion at the cardia. Eosinophilia and anisakis IgE antibody were positive and a diagnosis of gastric anisakiasis was made. She was eating grilled horse mackerel the day before her stomachache. At the same time, pruritus and edema around her right knee also appeared, and a dermatologist diagnosed her with anisakis-related eosinophil edema. One month later, CT scan and endoscopy were almost normal. A young woman referred on suspicion of scirrhous gastric cancer experienced a rare case diagnosed with gastric anisakiasis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Anisakiasis; Gastroscopy; Abdominal Pain
PubMed: 36733109
DOI: No ID Found -
Parasites & Vectors Feb 2023Anisakiasis is a foodborne disease caused by the third-stage larvae (L3) of two species belonging to the genus Anisakis: Anisakis pegreffii and Anisakis simplex sensu...
BACKGROUND
Anisakiasis is a foodborne disease caused by the third-stage larvae (L3) of two species belonging to the genus Anisakis: Anisakis pegreffii and Anisakis simplex sensu stricto. Both species have been the subject of different -omics studies undertaken in the past decade, but a reliable in vitro culture protocol that would enable a more versatile approach to functional studies has never been devised. In nature, A. pegreffii shows a polyxenous life-cycle. It reproduces in toothed whales (final host) and disseminates embryonated eggs via cetacean faeces in the water column. In the environment, a first- (L1) and second-stage larva (L2) develops inside the egg, and subsequently hatched L2 is ingested by a planktonic crustacean or small fish (intermediate host). In the crustacean pseudocoelom, the larva moults to the third stage (L3) and grows until the host is eaten by a fish or cephalopod (paratenic host). Infective L3 migrates into the visceral cavity of its paratenic host and remains in the state of paratenesis until a final host preys on the former. Once in the final host's gastric chambers, L3 attaches to mucosa, moults in the fourth stage (L4) and closes its life-cycle by becoming reproductively mature.
METHODS
Testing two commercially available media (RPMI 1640, Schneider's Drosophila) in combination with each of the six different heat-inactivated sera, namely foetal bovine, rabbit, chicken, donkey, porcine and human serum, we have obtained the first reliable, fast and simple in vitro cultivation protocol for A. pegreffii.
RESULTS
Schneider's Drosophila insect media supplemented with 10% chicken serum allowed high reproducibility and survival of adult A. pegreffii. The maturity was reached already at the beginning of the third week in culture. From collected eggs, hatched L2 were maintained in culture for 2 weeks. The protocol also enabled the description of undocumented morphological and ultrastructural features of the parasite developmental stages.
CONCLUSIONS
Closing of the A. pegreffii life-cycle from L3 to reproducing adults is an important step from many research perspectives (e.g., vaccine and drug-target research, transgenesis, pathogenesis), but further effort is necessary to optimise the efficient moulting of L2 to infective L3.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Cattle; Rabbits; Swine; Anisakis; Reproducibility of Results; Anisakiasis; Ascaridoidea; Fishes; Larva; Cetacea; Fish Diseases
PubMed: 36732837
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05629-5 -
Parasitology Research Mar 2023Anisakidosis is a foodborne zoonotic infection induced by members of the family Anisakidae via the consumption of raw or undercooked fish such as sushi and sashimi....
Anisakidosis is a foodborne zoonotic infection induced by members of the family Anisakidae via the consumption of raw or undercooked fish such as sushi and sashimi. Identifying anisakid larval species is critical for the epidemiology and diagnosis of diseases caused by them. This study aimed at identifying Anisakis larvae collected from marine fish in Egyptian waters based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. Thirty marine fish coral trout, Plectropomus areolatus, were collected from Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt, to investigate larval nematodes of the genus Anisakis. The larvae were detected encapsulated in the peritoneal cavity and muscle of the fish host. This examination revealed that anisakid larvae naturally infected 19 fish specimens with a prevalence of 63.33% and a mean intensity of 4.1 ± 0.40. Most of them (68 larvae: 71.57%) were found in the musculature. Morphological and morphometric analyses using light and scanning electron microscopy revealed a head region with a prominent boring tooth, inconspicuous lips, and a characteristic protruded cylindrical mucron. All larvae in this study possessed the same morphology as Anisakis Larval type I. Molecular analysis based on ITS region using maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic methods confirmed them as Anisakis typica. This is the first study to identify A. typica larvae from the commercial fish coral trout P. areolatus in Egyptian waters using morphological and molecular methods.
Topics: Animals; Anisakis; Larva; Anisakiasis; Indian Ocean; Trout; Phylogeny; Bayes Theorem; Fish Diseases; Ascaridoidea; Fishes; Bass
PubMed: 36650313
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07776-1 -
Allergologia Et Immunopathologia 2023Anisakids are nematodes responsible for different clinical patterns in humans. The well-known human-infecting Anisakis species include members of the (AS) complex.... (Review)
Review
Anisakids are nematodes responsible for different clinical patterns in humans. The well-known human-infecting Anisakis species include members of the (AS) complex. Humans usually contract anisakiasis through ingestion of raw or undercooked seafood containing Anisakis larvae. Once Anisakis has been ingested, patients may develop disease driven directly by Anisakis larvae and/or by allergic reaction due to this nematode. The capability of inducing allergic reactions depends on the expression of specific antigens by nematodes and host factors. This study aims to resume actual knowledge about AS and Anisakiasis with regard to epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Particular attention is paid to Anisakis allergens and their cross-reactivity on available diagnostic methods, and defining a diagnostic pathway for Anisakis allergy. Because only a few data are available in the literature about pediatric population, we focus on this group of patients specifically.
Topics: Child; Animals; Humans; Anisakis; Anisakiasis; Hypersensitivity; Allergens; Immunoglobulin E
PubMed: 36617828
DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i1.692 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Infective third-stage larvae (L3) of the marine nematode cause inflammation and clinical symptoms in humans, their accidental host, that subside and self-resolve in a...
Infective third-stage larvae (L3) of the marine nematode cause inflammation and clinical symptoms in humans, their accidental host, that subside and self-resolve in a couple of weeks after L3 die. To characterise the differences in an early immune response of a marine vs. terrestrial host, we stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of fish (paratenic host) and rat (accidental, human-model host) with crude extract and analysed PBL transcriptomes 1 and 12 h post-stimulation. Fish and rat PBLs differentially expressed 712 and 493 transcripts, respectively, between 1 and 12 h post-stimulation (false discovery rate, FDR <0.001, logFC >2). While there was a difference in the highest upregulated transcripts between two time-points, the same Gene Ontologies, biological processes (intracellular signal transduction, DNA-dependent transcription, and DNA-regulated regulation of transcription), and molecular functions (ATP and metal ion binding) were enriched in the two hosts, showing an incrementing dynamic between 1 and 12 h. This suggests that the two distinct hosts employ qualitatively different transcript cascades only to achieve the same effect, at least during an early innate immunity response. Activation of later immunity elements and/or a combination of other host's intrinsic conditions may contribute to the death of L3 in the terrestrial host.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Rats; Anisakis; Anisakiasis; Fishes; Larva; Complex Mixtures; Fish Diseases
PubMed: 36590595
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1042679 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Spotted flounder ( L.) caught in the Gulf of Cadiz (area FAO 27 ICES IXa) were examined for larvae and to assess the possible risk of anisakiasis in humans through...
Spotted flounder ( L.) caught in the Gulf of Cadiz (area FAO 27 ICES IXa) were examined for larvae and to assess the possible risk of anisakiasis in humans through consumption of this fish. Larvae of the genera and were identified in the analysis of 128 purchased fish specimens. All larvae corresponded to type I. Molecular analysis showed the presence of , s.s., and recombinant genotype between the two. The prevalence of was 9.4% with a mean intensity of 1.42, while for the values were 12.5% and 1.06. The length and weight of the fish, but not Fulton's condition factor, varied significantly between infected and uninfected fish. The prevalence of increased with fish length, with no fish parasitized with measuring less than 15.5 cm (2-2.5 years old), which is probably related to the reported dietary change of these fish at around 2 years of age. Fish not parasitized with any of these nematodes showed positive allometric growth, while those parasitized only with showed negative allometric growth. When comparing both groups including only fish ≥ 15.5 cm (the smallest size of -infected fish), the difference is shown to be statistically significant ( = 0.01), suggesting that infection of spotted flounder negatively affects fish growth even when parasite intensity is low, which may have important economic repercussions. Finally, the low prevalence and, above all, intensity of in these fish, as well as the habit of consuming this fish fried in oil in our geographical area, means that the risk of acquiring anisakiasis through consumption of this fish is low.
PubMed: 36558766
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121432 -
Biomedica : Revista Del Instituto... Dec 2022Anisakiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw fish or shellfish containing larvae of the Anisakidae family. It is currently considered an...
INTRODUCTION
Anisakiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw fish or shellfish containing larvae of the Anisakidae family. It is currently considered an emerging disease of public health interest.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the presence of larvae of the Anisakidae family in samples of frozen raw fish fillets intended for human consumption in markets in Medellín and its metropolitan area in Antioquia, Colombia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which larvae of the Anisakidae family were detected and identified in frozen raw fish fillets from three representative markets in Medellín and its metropolitan area. A total of 384 ready for consumption fillets were analyzed (197 sawfish, 137 salmon, 37 tuna, and 13 hake), using the pressing and ultraviolet light method. Taxonomic keys were used to identify the collected parasites and to establish its genus. Conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing was performed to determine the species.
RESULTS
Four larvae were found in 4 of the 384 (1.04%) fillets (CI95% 1.04 ± 1.01%). The species of fish in which the larvae were found was sawfish (Scomberomorus spp.) and the genus and species of the larvae was established as Anisakis pegreffii.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the study, the presence of Anisakis parasites in frozen raw fish fillets in the influence area is evident.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Parasites; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anisakiasis; Anisakis; Fishes; Larva
PubMed: 36511669
DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6533 -
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za... Apr 2022To investigate the prevalence of parasitic infections in freshwater fish and marine fish from markets in Zhenjiang City, so as to provide the evidene for formulating...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the prevalence of parasitic infections in freshwater fish and marine fish from markets in Zhenjiang City, so as to provide the evidene for formulating targeted control measures.
METHODS
Freshwater fish and marine fish were collected from farmers' markets and supermarkets in Zhenjiang City using a random sampling method. The metacercaria and larvae of parasites were detected using microscopy and the direct dissection method. The prevalence of parasitic infections was analyzed in freshwater fish and marine fish.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of parasite infections was 11.21% (208/1 856) in the 1 856 fish (34 species) detected from 2017 to 2020, and the prevalence was 9.81% (117/1 193) in freshwater fish and 13.73% (91/663) in marine fish. Among the 1 193 freshwater fish (23 species), high prevalence of parasitic infections was detected in (43.33%), coarse fish (32.93%) and (20.20%), and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of parasitic infections among different species of freshwater fish (χ = 105.66, < 0.05). and other parasite species were detected in freshwater fish, with detection rates of 0.59% (7/1 193), 1.93% (23/1 193) and 7.29% (87/1 193), respectively, and there was a significant difference in the detection of and in freshwater fish (χ = 8.64, < 0.05). The prevalence and intensity of larval infections were 13.73% (91/663) in marine fish and 3.43 parasites per fish. High prevalence of infections was seen in little yellow croaker fish (30.28%) and hairtail (27.50%), and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of parasitic infections in different species of marine fish (χ = 12.93, < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Parasitic infections are prevalent in freshwater fish and marine fish from markets of Zhenjiang City, and there is a risk of parasitic infections following consumption of raw or under-cooked freshwater fish and marine fish.
Topics: Animals; Anisakiasis; Prevalence; Parasitic Diseases; Fishes; Fresh Water; Larva
PubMed: 36464250
DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021178 -
IDCases 2022Anisakiasis is a parasitic disease caused by and has become an emerging zoonosis as preferences for eating raw or undercooked seafood have become more common. Few case...
Anisakiasis is a parasitic disease caused by and has become an emerging zoonosis as preferences for eating raw or undercooked seafood have become more common. Few case reports of asymptomatic anisakiasis have been published to date. A 79-year-old asymptomatic man underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for gastric cancer screening. The gastroenterologist diagnosed superficial gastritis without any malignant lesions but found an larva while reviewing EGD images. The physician performed a second EGD and removed the larva. The patient reported that he ate the flatfish for dinner on the day before the first EGD. This case indicates the existence of asymptomatic gastric anisakiasis, indicating that anisakiasis incidence may have previously been underestimated.
PubMed: 36388848
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01635 -
Parasitology Dec 2022Northeast Arctic cod, saithe and haddock are among the most important fisheries resources in Europe, largely shipped to various continental markets. The present study...
Anisakid parasites (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in 3 commercially important gadid fish species from the southern Barents Sea, with emphasis on key infection drivers and spatial distribution within the hosts.
Northeast Arctic cod, saithe and haddock are among the most important fisheries resources in Europe, largely shipped to various continental markets. The present study aimed to map the presence and distribution of larvae of parasitic nematodes in the Anisakidae family which are of socioeconomic and public health concern. Fishes were sourced from commercial catches during winter or spring in the southern Barents Sea. Samples of fish were inspected for nematodes using the UV-press method while anisakid species identification relied on sequencing of the mtDNA gene. (s.s.) was the most prevalent and abundant anisakid recorded, occurring at high infection levels in the viscera and flesh of cod and saithe, while being less abundant in haddock. (s.l.) larvae, not found in the fish flesh, showed moderate-to-high prevalence in saithe, haddock and cod, respectively. Most spp. larvae occurred at low-to-moderate prevalence, and low abundance, in the viscera () and flesh ( (s.s.) and ) of cod, only 2 (s.s.) appeared in the flesh of saithe. Body length was the single most important host-related factor to predict overall abundance of anisakid larvae in the fish species. The spatial distribution of larvae in the fish flesh showed much higher abundances in the belly flaps than in the dorsal fillet parts. Trimming of the flesh by removing the belly flaps would reduce larval presence in the fillets of these gadid fish species by 86–91%.
Topics: Animals; Parasites; Fish Diseases; Ascaridoidea; Anisakis; Fishes; Larva; Gadiformes; Anisakiasis
PubMed: 36321524
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182022001305