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Surgery May 2024Emodin, a natural anthraquinone derivative found in various Chinese medicinal herbs, has been proved to be an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of many...
BACKGROUND
Emodin, a natural anthraquinone derivative found in various Chinese medicinal herbs, has been proved to be an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of many diseases. However, its effect on lung injury after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unknown. This research was designed to investigate whether emodin protects against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung injury and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro.
METHODS
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced by occluding the superior mesenteric artery in mice, and mouse lung epithelial-12 cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation to establish an in vitro model.
RESULTS
Our data indicated that emodin treatment reduced intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in lung tissues and alleviated lung injury. However, the protective effects of emodin on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung injury were reversed by the protein kinase B inhibitor triciribine or the heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin IX. The protein kinase inhibitor triciribine also downregulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our data suggest that emodin treatment protects against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung injury by enhancing heme oxygenase-1 expression via activation of the PI3K/protein kinase pathway. Emodin may act as a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion.
PubMed: 38811326
DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2024.04.006 -
ACS Infectious Diseases Jun 2024Our previous work identified a series of 12 xanthoquinodin analogues and 2 emodin-dianthrones with broad-spectrum activities against , , , and . Analyses conducted in...
Our previous work identified a series of 12 xanthoquinodin analogues and 2 emodin-dianthrones with broad-spectrum activities against , , , and . Analyses conducted in this study revealed that the most active analogue, xanthoquinodin A1, also inhibits tachyzoites and the liver stage of , with no cross-resistance to the known antimalarial targets PfACS, PfCARL, PfPI4K, or DHODH. In , inhibition occurs prior to multinucleation and induces parasite death following 12 h of compound exposure. This moderately fast activity has impeded resistance line generation, with xanthoquinodin A1 demonstrating an irresistible phenotype in both and .
Topics: Plasmodium falciparum; Antimalarials; Toxoplasma; Drug Resistance; Plasmodium berghei; Animals; Anthraquinones; Humans
PubMed: 38810215
DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00232 -
Environmental Science & Technology Jun 2024The oxygen reduction process generating HO in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) system is milder and environmentally friendly compared with the traditional anthraquinone...
The oxygen reduction process generating HO in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) system is milder and environmentally friendly compared with the traditional anthraquinone process but still lacks the efficient electron-oxygen-proton coupling interfaces to improve HO production efficiency. Here, we propose an integrated active site strategy, that is, designing a hydrophobic C-B-N interface to refine the dearth of electron, oxygen, and proton balance. Computational calculation results show a lower energy barrier for HO production due to synergistic and coupling effects of boron sites for O adsorption, nitrogen sites for H binding, and the carbon structure for electron transfer, demonstrating theoretically the feasibility of the strategy. Furthermore, we construct a hydrophobic boron- and nitrogen-doped carbon black gas diffusion cathode (BN-CB-PTFE) with graphite carbon dots decorated on a BiVO photoanode (BVO/g-CDs) for HO production. Remarkably, this approach achieves a record HO production rate (9.24 μmol min cm) at the PEC cathode. The BN-CB-PTFE cathode exhibits an outstanding Faraday efficiency for HO production of ∼100%. The newly formed -BN integrative active site can not only adsorb more O but also significantly improve the electron and proton transfer. Unexpectedly, coupling BVO/g-CDs with the BN-CB-PTFE gas diffusion cathode also achieves a record HO production rate (6.60 μmol min cm) at the PEC photoanode. This study opens new insight into integrative active sites for electron-O-proton coupling in a PEC HO production system that may be meaningful for environment and energy applications.
Topics: Electrodes; Oxygen; Hydrogen Peroxide; Electrons; Protons; Electrochemical Techniques
PubMed: 38810213
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01601 -
Chemical Communications (Cambridge,... Jun 2024Herein we studied visible-light-driven CO reduction using a series of tetra-phenylporphyrin iron catalysts and inexpensive anthraquinone dyes. Varying the functional...
Herein we studied visible-light-driven CO reduction using a series of tetra-phenylporphyrin iron catalysts and inexpensive anthraquinone dyes. Varying the functional groups on the phenyl moieties of the catalysts significantly enhances the photocatalytic activity, achieving an optimal turnover number (TON) of 10 476 and a selectivity of 100% in the noble-metal-free systems. The highest activity found in a bromo-substituted catalyst is attributed to favorable electron transfer from the photosensitizer to the iron porphyrin.
PubMed: 38809528
DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01950d -
Journal of Chromatography. A Aug 2024Qianggan capsule (QGC) is a complex preparation composed of 16 traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) that can clear heat and dampness, fortify the spleen and blood, typify...
Qianggan capsule (QGC) is a complex preparation composed of 16 traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) that can clear heat and dampness, fortify the spleen and blood, typify qi and relieve depression. However, the chemical composition of QGC remains incompletely understood, despite its clinical use in treating chronic hepatitis and liver injury. The objective of this study was to explore the quality markers of QGC through qualitative and quantitative analysis of its chemical components. First, the chemical composition of QGC was qualitatively analyzed using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Subsequently, the LC-sMRM method was developed and optimized to accurately quantify various chemical components of 10 batches of QGC. Finally, the variations in chemical components between batches were analyzed via multivariate statistical analysis. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis revealed 167 chemical constituents in QGC, comprised of 48 flavonoids, 32 terpenoids, 18 phenolic acids, 9 coumarins, 9 phenylpropanoids, and 51 nucleosides, sugars, amino acids, anthraquinones, and other compounds. The LC-sMRM method was established for the quantitative analysis of 42 chemical components in 10 batches of QGC. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction parameters were optimized using RSM. Compared with conventional MRM, sMRM demonstrated superior sensitivity and precision. PCA and OPLS-DA identified eight chemical components with content differences among batches. This study established the chemical composition of QGC, offering useful guidance for assessing its quality.
Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Flavonoids; Coumarins; Terpenes; Hydroxybenzoates; Reproducibility of Results; Nucleosides; Capsules
PubMed: 38805896
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465020 -
Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England... Jun 2024Highly stable selanyl halides, 1-ATQSeX (X = I (1), Br (2) and Cl (3)), were prepared. The structures of 1, 2, 6 (1-ATQSeX: X = Me) and 7 (1-ATQBr) were determined. QC...
Highly stable selanyl halides, 1-ATQSeX (X = I (1), Br (2) and Cl (3)), were prepared. The structures of 1, 2, 6 (1-ATQSeX: X = Me) and 7 (1-ATQBr) were determined. QC calculations were performed on 1-3, 4 (X = F), 5 (X = H), 6, 7 and 8 (X = SeATQ-1). The O⋯Se distances in 1-4 from the sum of the vdW radii of the atoms (Δ(Se, O)) were less than -1 Å, in magnitude, which must be the driving force for the high stability. The O-*-Se interactions seem stronger in the order of 1 < 2 < 3 < 4. The intrinsic dynamic and static natures of O⋯Se and/or Se⋯X in 1-8 are elucidated by QTAIM dual functional analysis (QTAIM-DFA). The Se-*-I, Se-*-Br, Se-*-Cl and Se-*-F interactions in 1-4 are predicted to have the natures of covalent, TBP with CT, TBP with CT, and typical HB with covalency, respectively, whereas O-*-Ses in 1-4 are all predicted to have the nature of MC with CT. The Se-*-H, Se-*-C and Se-*-Se interactions in 5, 6 and 8 are all predicted to have the covalent nature, while O-*-Ses in 5, 6 and 8 are all predicted to have the nature of typical HB with no covalency. The (2) values of 1-6 and 8 are calculated with NBO analysis, and correlate excellently with Δ(Se, O), except for Se-*-F, for which (2) is evaluated to be much larger. The (2) values also correlate very well with for all Se-*-X in 1-4, although data from 5, 6 and 8 deviated from the correlation, where is the diagonal element of the compliance (force) constant for the internal vibrations. The behaviour of the interactions is further examined based on the QTAIM-DFA parameters of and . The stabilizing effect is further confirmed by the calculations with the (CO) values analyzed carefully.
PubMed: 38804853
DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00760c -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024In recent years, the world's attention has been drawn to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) because to the frightening prospect of growing death rates. Nanomaterials are...
INTRODUCTION
In recent years, the world's attention has been drawn to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) because to the frightening prospect of growing death rates. Nanomaterials are being investigated due to their potential in a wide range of technical and biological applications.
METHODS
The purpose of this study was to biosynthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using sp. SA17 fungal extract, followed by characterization of the produced nanoparticles (NP) using electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), UV-analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The HR-TEM revealed spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 7.2 nm, and XRD validated the crystalline nature and crystal structure features of the generated ZnONPs, while the zeta potential was 18.16 mV, indicating that the particles' surfaces are positively charged. The FT-IR was also used to identify the biomolecules involved in the synthesis of ZnONPs. The antibacterial and anticancer properties of both the crude fungal extract and its nano-form against several microbial strains and cancer cell lines were also investigated. Inhibition zone diameters against pathogenic bacteria ranged from 3 to 13 mm, while IC values against cancer cell lines ranged from 17.65 to 84.55 M. Additionally, 33 compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, organic acids, anthraquinones, and lignans, were discovered through chemical profiling of the extract using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Some molecules, such pomiferin and glabrol, may be useful for antibacterial purposes, according to study, while daidzein 4'-sulfate showed promise as an anti-cancer metabolite.
PubMed: 38803373
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1366614 -
Molecular Biology Reports May 2024Natural medicines are a valuable resource for the development of new drugs. However, factors such as low solubility and poor bioavailability of certain constituents have... (Review)
Review
Natural medicines are a valuable resource for the development of new drugs. However, factors such as low solubility and poor bioavailability of certain constituents have hindered their efficacy and potential as pharmaceuticals. Structural modification of natural products has emerged as an important research area for drug development. Phosphorylation groups, as crucial endogenous active groups, have been extensively utilized for structural modification and development of new drugs based on natural molecules. Incorporating phosphate groups into natural molecules not only enhances their stability, bioavailability, and pharmacological properties, but also improves their biological activity by altering their charge, hydrogen bonding, and spatial structure. This review summarizes the phosphorylation mechanism, modification approaches, and biological activity enhancement of natural medicines. Notably, compounds such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, and coumarins exhibit increased antioxidation, anticancer, antiviral, immune regulatory, Antiaging, enzyme inhibition, bacteriostasis, liver protection, and lipid-lowering effects following phosphorylation modification.
Topics: Biological Products; Phosphorylation; Humans; Animals; Flavonoids; Polysaccharides; Antioxidants; Anthraquinones
PubMed: 38802698
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09596-1 -
International Journal of Medicinal... 2024In the current era, wild macrofungi are being focused for developing and overing novel bioactive compounds for the management of agricultural, horticultural, and other...
In the current era, wild macrofungi are being focused for developing and overing novel bioactive compounds for the management of agricultural, horticultural, and other infectious diseases. In that view, current research work was designed to evaluate the biochemical composition and medicinal properties of Morchella crassipes mushroom. The mycochemical screening of aqueous extract exposed the incidence of glycosides, free amino acids and proteins, alkaloids, carbs, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds and tannins, except volatile oils, resins, steroids, and anthraquinones. However, hexane extract exhibited the occurrence of glycosides, alkaloids, volatile oils, steroids and terpenoids while as all other phytochemicals were not detected. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry profiling has disclosed the identification of three predominant naturally occurring bioactive volatile monoterpenoids, namely neral, citral, and epoxy-linalool oxide with well-known biological activities. The methanolic extract resulted in strong antifungal efficacy against the tested fungal strains such as Penicillium chrysogenum (20.33 ± 0.57 mm) followed by Pythium ultimum (15.33 ± 0.76 mm) and Aspergillus niger (12.50 ± 0.50 mm) at highest concentrations. Likewise, marked antibacterial effects were reported in case of Staphylococcus aureus (15.16 ± 0.76 mm), followed by Salmonella gallinarum (14.33 ± 0.57 mm) and Escherichia coli (13.66 ± 0.57 mm), respectively. This data may offer baseline information regarding the bioactive metabolites and opening new ways for conducting trails to find natural management strategies to combat multi drug resistant pathogens in horticulture, agriculture, and aquaculture.
Topics: India; Ascomycota; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Antifungal Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 38801086
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024053250 -
Molecular Biology Reports May 2024In today's world, appearance is an important factor in almost all areas of our lives. Therefore, it has become common to use dyes to color foods to make them look...
BACKGROUND
In today's world, appearance is an important factor in almost all areas of our lives. Therefore, it has become common to use dyes to color foods to make them look appetizing and visually appealing. However, food additives have negative effects on biochemical processes in cells at both high and low doses.
METHODS AND RESULTS
This study investigated the effect of carmoisine, a commonly used food coloring, on oxidative stress and damage parameters in Drosophila melanogaster in terms of both enzymatic and gene expression. The change in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), a marker of oxidative stress, was also examined. When the data obtained were analyzed, it was observed that carmoisine caused a significant decrease in GSH levels depending on the increase in dose. SOD, CAT, GPx, and AChE enzyme activities and gene expression levels were also found to be significantly decreased. All groups also showed a significant decrease in mtDNA-CN. The effect of carmoisine on Drosophila melanogaster morphology was also investigated in our study. However, no significant change was observed in terms of morphological development in any group.
CONCLUSIONS
When all the findings were evaluated together, it was observed that carmoisin triggered oxidative stress and these effects became more risky at high doses. Therefore, we believe that the consumer should be made more aware of the side effects of azo dyes in food and that the type and concentration of each substance added to food should be specified.
Topics: Animals; Oxidative Stress; Drosophila melanogaster; Mitochondria; DNA, Mitochondrial; Carmine; Glutathione; DNA Damage; Superoxide Dismutase; Food Coloring Agents; Catalase
PubMed: 38796672
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09616-0