-
Nature Communications Jun 2024CETP inhibitors are a class of lipid-lowering drugs in development for treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Genetic studies in East Asian ancestry have interpreted... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
CETP inhibitors are a class of lipid-lowering drugs in development for treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Genetic studies in East Asian ancestry have interpreted the lack of CETP signal with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lack of drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) effect on CHD as evidence that CETP inhibitors might not be effective in East Asian participants. Capitalizing on recent increases in sample size of East Asian genetic studies, we conducted a drug target MR analysis, scaled to a standard deviation increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Despite finding evidence for possible neutral effects of lower CETP levels on LDL-C, systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in East Asians (interaction p-values < 1.6 × 10), effects on cardiovascular outcomes were similarly protective in both ancestry groups. In conclusion, on-target inhibition of CETP is anticipated to decrease cardiovascular disease in individuals of both European and East Asian ancestries.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Coronary Disease; East Asian People; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; White People
PubMed: 38906890
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49109-z -
Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 2024Food packaging must guarantee the products' quality during the different operations including packing and maintenance throughout transportation and storage until to... (Review)
Review
Food packaging must guarantee the products' quality during the different operations including packing and maintenance throughout transportation and storage until to consumption. Thus, it should satisfy, both, food freshness and quality preservation and consumers health safety. Natural bio-sourced polymers have been explored as safe edible materials for several packaging applications, being interestingly carrier of bioactive substances, once added to improve films' properties. Gelatin and chitosan are among the most studied biomaterials for the preparation of edible packaging films due to their excellent characteristics including biodegradability, compatibility and film-forming property. These polymers could be used alone or in combination with other polymers to produce composite films with the desired physicochemical and mechanical properties. When incorporated with bioactive substances (natural extracts, polyphenolic compounds, essential oils), chitosan/gelatin-based films acquired various biological properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The emerging bioactive composite films with excellent physical attributes represent excellent packaging alternative to preserve different types of foodstuffs (fruits, meat, fish, dairy products, …) and have shown great achievements. This chapter provides the main techniques used to prepare gelatin- and chitosan- based films, showing some examples of bioactive compounds incorporated into the films' matrix. Also, it illustrates the outstanding advantages given by these biomaterials for food preservation, when used as coating and wrapping agents.
Topics: Gelatin; Chitosan; Food Packaging; Biocompatible Materials; Food Preservation; Humans
PubMed: 38906591
DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.03.002 -
American Family Physician Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Primary Health Care; Canada; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypolipidemic Agents
PubMed: 38905566
DOI: No ID Found -
Mikrochimica Acta Jun 2024Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy and is characterized by increasing incidence and high mortality rates. Current methods for the...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy and is characterized by increasing incidence and high mortality rates. Current methods for the screening and diagnosis of HCC exhibit inherent limitations, highlighting the ever-growing need for the development of new methods for the early diagnosis of HCC. The aim of this work was to develop a novel electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of HepG2 cells, a type of circulating tumor cells that can be used as biomarkers for the early detection of HCC. A carbon screen-printed electrode was functionalized with a composite suspension containing graphene oxide, chitosan, and polyaniline nanoparticles to increase the electrode surface and provide anchoring sites for the HepG2 cell-specific aptamer. The aptamer was immobilized on the surface of the functionalized electrode using multipulse amperometry, an innovative technique that significantly reduces the time required for aptamer immobilization. The innovative platform was successfully employed for the first time for the amplification-free detection of HepG2 cells in a linear range from 10 to 200,000 cells/mL, with a limit of detection of 10 cells/mL. The platform demonstrated high selectivity and stability and was successfully used for the detection of HepG2 cells in spiked human serum samples with excellent recoveries.
Topics: Humans; Hep G2 Cells; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Liver Neoplasms; Electrochemical Techniques; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Graphite; Biosensing Techniques; Limit of Detection; Aniline Compounds; Electrodes; Chitosan
PubMed: 38904692
DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06479-x -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jun 2024This is a case report of a 70-year-old woman with possible cholestyramine-induced bowel perforation. She had a prior history of pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic...
This is a case report of a 70-year-old woman with possible cholestyramine-induced bowel perforation. She had a prior history of pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer with a daily intake of cholestyramine. She underwent emergency laparotomy for small bowel perforation twice. Subsequent pathology reports showed crystal depositions in the small bowel wall. Leasions spread out on the small bowel and the omentum during the second surgery were thought to be carcinomatosis. However, the pathology report showed no malignant cells but plenty of crystal depositions as seen with cholestyramine intake.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Female; Intestinal Perforation; Cholestyramine Resin; Intestine, Small; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Anticholesteremic Agents; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 38904283
DOI: 10.61409/V02240109 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jun 2024In this case report, a 31-year-old woman with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) underwent treatment with statins and PCSK9 inhibitor but had to...
In this case report, a 31-year-old woman with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) underwent treatment with statins and PCSK9 inhibitor but had to discontinue due to elevated creatine kinase levels and neurological and muscular side effects. In 2021, the patient received inclisiran therapy, the first known instance of its application in Denmark. No side effects were reported, and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly reduced. This case report highlights the potential of inclisiran as an effective and well-tolerated treatment for individuals with heterozygous FH.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; PCSK9 Inhibitors; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Cholesterol, LDL; Anticholesteremic Agents
PubMed: 38903035
DOI: 10.61409/V12230767 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Gastroenteritis infection is a major public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries due to the high annual mortality rate. The antimicrobial and...
Gastroenteritis infection is a major public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries due to the high annual mortality rate. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium (hMSCsCM) encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) was studied in vitro and in vivo against common gastroenteritis bacteria. The synthesized ChNPs were characterized using Zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. HMSC-derived conditioned medium incorporated into chitosan NPs (hMSCsCM-ChNPs) composite was fabricated by chitosan nanoparticles loaded with BM-MSCs (positive for CD73 and CD44 markers). The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of composite was investigated against four common gastroenteritis bacteria (Campylobacter jejuni ATCC29428, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC13076, Shigella dysenteriae PTCC1188, and E. coli ATCC25922) in-vitro and in-vivo. Majority of ChNPs (96%) had an average particle size of 329 nm with zeta potential 7.08 mV. The SEM images confirmed the synthesis of spherical shape for ChNPs and a near-spherical shape for hMSCsCM-ChNPs. Entrapment efficiency of hMSCsCM-ChNPs was 75%. Kinetic profiling revealed that the release rate of mesenchymal stem cells was reduced following the pH reduction. The antibacterial activity of hMSCsCM-ChNPs was significantly greater than that of hMSCsCM and ChNPs at dilutions of 1:2 to 1:8 (P < 0.05) against four common gastroenteritis bacteria. The number of bacteria present decreased more significantly in the group of mice treated with the hMSCsCM-ChNPs composite than in the groups treated with hMSCsCM and ChNPs. The antibacterial activity of hMSCsCM against common gastroenteritis bacteria in an in vivo assay decreased from > 10 CFU/ml to approximately (102 to 10) after 72 h. Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of ChNPs at a concentration of 0.1% and hMSCsCM at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml to be inferior to that of hMSCsCM-ChNPs (1000 μg/ml + 0.1%) composite. These results indicated the existence of a synergistic effect between ChNPs and hMSCsCM. The designed composite exhibited notable antibiofilm and antibacterial activities, demonstrating optimal release in simulated intestinal lumen conditions. The utilization of this composite is proposed as a novel treatment approach to combat gastroenteritis bacteria in the context of more challenging infections.
Topics: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Chitosan; Humans; Animals; Culture Media, Conditioned; Mice; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gastroenteritis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nanoparticles; Campylobacter jejuni; Salmonella enteritidis; Biofilms; Escherichia coli; Shigella dysenteriae; Nanostructures; Particle Size
PubMed: 38902286
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64465-y -
Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England) Jun 2024Nowadays, medical polyurethanes with favorable and durable antibacterial properties received more attention, because of avoiding repeated replacement of interventional...
Nowadays, medical polyurethanes with favorable and durable antibacterial properties received more attention, because of avoiding repeated replacement of interventional materials and reducing patients' pain. In this thesis, non-soluble antibacterial polyurethane (NAPU) based on cation antibacterial mechanism was prepared by photo-grafting chitosan azide and heparin azide into polyurethane (PU). -NHof chitosan azide absorbed bacteria, inhibiting and breaking their mobility and structures. Heparin azide prevented cations from penetrating bacteria's membranes and inhibited their growth. The results showed that chitosan azide and heparin azide were successfully grafted into PU. The highest antibacterial rate was 92.07%, cytotoxicity grade ranging from 0-1 (RGR standard) and water contact angle exhibiting 60°, attributing to cation antibacterial effect and -OH existing. Tensile strength was up to 23.91 MPa and was suitable for using as medical materials. NAPU with long-lasting coating both possessed antibacterial properties and persistence, which can solve the problem of medical catheters' long-term using.
Topics: Polyurethanes; Chitosan; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Heparin; Azides; Cations; Materials Testing; Tensile Strength; Escherichia coli; Biocompatible Materials; Animals; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus aureus; Mice; Solubility
PubMed: 38901421
DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ad5a5c -
Molecular Pharmaceutics Jul 2024Oxidative stress is pivotal in retinal disease progression, causing dysfunction in various retinal components. An effective antioxidant, such as probucol (PB), is vital...
Oxidative stress is pivotal in retinal disease progression, causing dysfunction in various retinal components. An effective antioxidant, such as probucol (PB), is vital to counteract oxidative stress and emerges as a potential candidate for treating retinal degeneration. However, the challenges associated with delivering lipophilic drugs such as PB to the posterior segment of the eye, specifically targeting photoreceptor cells, necessitate innovative solutions. This study uses formulation-based spray dry encapsulation technology to develop polymer-based PB-lithocholic acid (LCA) nanoparticles and assesses their efficacy in the 661W photoreceptor-like cell line. Incorporating LCA enhances nanoparticles' biological efficacy without compromising PB stability. studies demonstrate that PB-LCA nanoparticles prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress by improving cellular viability through the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. These findings propose PB-LCA nanoparticles as a promising therapeutic strategy for oxidative stress-induced retinopathies.
Topics: Probucol; Oxidative Stress; Nanoparticles; Reactive Oxygen Species; Lithocholic Acid; Animals; Polymers; Cell Line; Antioxidants; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Cell Survival; Mice; Heme Oxygenase-1; Humans
PubMed: 38899552
DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00269 -
Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England) Jun 2024This study investigated the potential of ethanolic garlic extract-loaded chitosan hydrogel film for burn wound healing in an animal model. The ethanolic garlic extract...
This study investigated the potential of ethanolic garlic extract-loaded chitosan hydrogel film for burn wound healing in an animal model. The ethanolic garlic extract was prepared by macerating fresh ground garlic cloves in ethanol for 24 h, followed by filtration and concentration using a rotary evaporator. Hydrogels were then prepared by casting a chitosan solution with garlic extract added at varying concentrations for optimization and, following drying, subjected to various characterization tests, including moisture adsorption (MA), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and water vapor permeability rate (WVPR), erosion, swelling, tensile strength, vibrational, and thermal analysis, and surface morphology. The optimized hydrogel (G2) was then analyzedfor its potential for healing 2nd degree burn wounds in rats, and histological examination of skin samples on day 14 of the healing period. Results showed optimized hydrogel (G2; chitosan: 2 g, garlic extract: 1 g) had MA of 56.8% ± 2.7%, WVTR and WVPR of 0.00074 ± 0.0002, and 0.000 498 946 ± 0.0001, eroded up to 11.3% ± 0.05%, 80.7% ± 0.04% of swelling index, and tensile strength of 16.6 ± 0.9 MPa, which could be attributed to the formation of additional linkages between formulation ingredients and garlic extract constituents at OH/NH and C=O, translating into an increase in transition melting temperature and enthalpy (Δ= 238.83 °C ± 1.2 °C, Δ= 4.95 ± 0.8 J g) of the chitosan moieties compared with blank. Animal testing revealed G2 formulation significantly reduced the wound size within 14 d of the experiment (37.3 ± 6.8-187.5 ± 21.5 mm) and had significantly higher reepithelization (86.3 ± 6.8-26.8 ± 21.5 and 38.2% ± 15.3%) compared to untreated and blank groups by hastening uniform and compact deposition of collagen fibers at the wound site, cementing developed formulation a promising platform for skin regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Chitosan; Wound Healing; Rats; Garlic; Burns; Plant Extracts; Tensile Strength; Skin; Male; Hydrogels; Ethanol; Regeneration; Permeability; Steam; Biocompatible Materials; Methylgalactosides
PubMed: 38898715
DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ad565b