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Archives of Microbiology Feb 2024Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes infertility, mastitis, and metritis in animals. T. pyogenes is also a zoonotic disease and is...
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes infertility, mastitis, and metritis in animals. T. pyogenes is also a zoonotic disease and is considered an economic loss agent in the livestock industry. Therefore, vaccine development is necessary. Using an immunoinformatics approach, this study aimed to construct a multi-epitope vaccine against T. pyogenes. The collagen adhesion protein, fimbriae, and pyolysin (PLO) sequences were initially retrieved. The HTL, CTL, and B cell epitopes were predicted. The vaccine was designed by binding these epitopes with linkers. To increase vaccine immunogenicity, profilin was added to the N-terminal of the vaccine construct. The antigenic features and safety of the vaccine model were investigated. Docking, molecular dynamics simulation of the vaccine with immune receptors, and immunological simulation were used to evaluate the vaccine's efficacy. The vaccine's sequence was then optimized for cloning. The vaccine construct was designed based on 18 epitopes of T. pyogenes. The computational tools validated the vaccine as non-allergenic, non-toxic, hydrophilic, and stable at different temperatures with acceptable antigenic features. The vaccine model had good affinity and stability to bovine TLR2, 4, and 5 as well as stimulation of IgM, IgG, IL-2, IFN-γ, and Th1 responses. This vaccine also increased long-lived memory cells, dendritic cells, and macrophage population. In addition, codon optimization was done and cloned in the E. coli K12 expression vector (pET-28a). For the first time, this study introduced a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate based on collagen adhesion protein, fimbriae, and PLO of T. pyogenes. It is expected this vaccine stimulates an effective immune response to prevent T. pyogenes infection.
Topics: Female; Animals; Cattle; Immunoinformatics; Escherichia coli; Vaccines; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; Collagen; Computational Biology; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Hemolysin Proteins
PubMed: 38315222
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03814-3 -
BMC Microbiology Jan 2024Uterine infections, primarily caused by bacterial pathogens, pose a significant problem for dairy farmers worldwide, leading to poor reproductive performance and...
BACKGROUND
Uterine infections, primarily caused by bacterial pathogens, pose a significant problem for dairy farmers worldwide, leading to poor reproductive performance and economic losses. However, the bacteria responsible for uterine infections have not been adequately studied, nor has the antibiotic susceptibility of the causative bacteria been frequently tested in Ethiopia. This study aims to estimate the cumulative incidence of uterine infections in postpartum dairy cows, identify bacterial causes and determine antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolated bacteria.
METHODS
A prospective cohort study was conducted in which 236 cows from 74 dairy farms were monitored biweekly from calving to 90 days postpartum for metritis, endometritis and other disorders. Aseptic uterine swab samples were collected from 40 cows with uterine infections. The samples were cultured, and the isolated bacteria were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method.
RESULTS
Out of 236 cows monitored during the postpartum phase, 45 (19.1%) were found to have contracted uterine infection. The cumulative incidence of metritis was 11.4% (n = 27), while the cumulative incidence of endometritis was 7.6% (n = 18). Of the 40 cultured swab samples, 29 (72.5%) had one or more bacteria isolated. The most commonly isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (45%), coagulase-positive staphylococci (30%), and Klebsiella spp. (22.5%). Other bacterial spp, including Arcanobacterium pyogenes (12.5%), Fusobacterium spp. (12.5%), Enterobacter aerogenes (12.5%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (12.5%), Streptococcus spp. (7.5%), Salmonella spp, (5%) Proteus spp (5%) and Pasteurella spp (2.5%) were also isolated. All of the isolated bacteria demonstrated resistance to at least one of the antimicrobials tested. Multidrug resistance was observed in E. coli, Klebsiella spp., A. pyogenes, and Fusobacterium spp. Gentamicin was found to be the most effective antimicrobial against all bacteria tested, while tetracycline was the least effective of all.
CONCLUSION
The study found that a significant proportion of cows in the population were affected by uterine infections and the isolated bacteria developed resistance to several antimicrobials. The study emphasizes the need for responsible use of antimicrobials to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. It also highlights the importance of raising awareness among dairy farmers to avoid the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and its consequences.
Topics: Humans; Female; Cattle; Animals; Endometritis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Incidence; Escherichia coli; Uterus; Prospective Studies; Coagulase; Ethiopia; Cattle Diseases; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Bacteria; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 38172685
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03160-w -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Jan 2024Many species of the genus are known as opportunistic pathogens and have been isolated in association with infectious diseases in humans and animals. Here, we present...
Many species of the genus are known as opportunistic pathogens and have been isolated in association with infectious diseases in humans and animals. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of another opportunistic pathogenic representative, namely , isolated from the otitis externa of an English bulldog.
PubMed: 38099684
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00624-23 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Nov 2023Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a bacterium that colonizes the skin and mucosal surfaces of various domestic and wild animals. It rarely leads to infections in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a bacterium that colonizes the skin and mucosal surfaces of various domestic and wild animals. It rarely leads to infections in humans, with only a few descriptions available in the literature.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 71-year-old Swiss farmer with a history of recurring basal cell carcinoma and metastasized pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor presented with signs of sepsis after a three-day history of general weakness, malaise and fever. Clinical and echocardiographic findings, as well as persistent bacteremia were consistent with mitral valve endocarditis caused by T. pyogenes. The patient's condition gradually improved under antibiotic treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam (empiric therapy of sepsis), and later penicillin G based on resistance testing. He was discharged after 13 days and continued outpatient antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone, resulting in a total antibiotic treatment duration of six weeks. This is the first literature review of T. pyogenes endocarditis in humans. Among nine cases of T. pyogenes endocarditis, three patients had documented contact with farm animals and five had an underlying condition that compromised the immune system. While antibiotic resistance of T. pyogenes is an emerging concern, susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics seems to persist. The mortality of T. pyogenes endocarditis described in the literature was high, with 66% of patients not surviving the disease.
CONCLUSIONS
T. pyogenes is a rare causative organism of infectious endocarditis in humans and descriptions are mainly restricted to case reports. In our review of the literature, we found that both an impaired immune system and contact with farm animals might be risk factors. Growth of T. pyogenes in blood cultures is unlikely to be missed during routine analysis, as it shows marked beta-hemolysis on blood agar culture plates, which generally leads to further characterization of the bacteria. Susceptibility to penicillin, ceftriaxone, and macrolides seems to be retained and the reported mortality in the few patients with T. pyogenes endocarditis is high.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Aged; Ceftriaxone; Farmers; Switzerland; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Endocarditis; Animals, Domestic; Sepsis; Endocarditis, Bacterial
PubMed: 37996784
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08810-y -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Jan 2024
Topics: Child; Humans; Arcanobacterium; Actinomycetales Infections; Immunocompetence
PubMed: 37922488
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004147 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Jan 2024
PubMed: 37907045
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116123 -
Cureus Sep 2023We are reporting a very rare case of an invasive infection with and that resulted in meningitis, cerebral edema, and subdural empyema secondary to upper respiratory...
We are reporting a very rare case of an invasive infection with and that resulted in meningitis, cerebral edema, and subdural empyema secondary to upper respiratory infection (URI) and sinusitis in an immunocompetent adolescent patient. Our patient is a 17-year-old male with no significant medical history who presented to his pediatrician with a fever for three days, was diagnosed with a viral URI, and instructed to continue symptomatic care. Seven days later, the patient developed a headache, left-sided weakness, and continued to spike fever. The patient presented to the Emergency Center due to altered mental status, worsening left-sided weakness, and difficulty speaking. Head computed tomography (CT) scan showed small right-sided fluid collection with right-to-left midline shift and marked opacification of paranasal sinuses with air-fluid levels in frontal sinuses. The patient underwent an emergent craniotomy that revealed subdural empyema under high pressure and was started on vancomycin, cefepime, metronidazole, and levetiracetam. Six hours after his craniotomy, the patient developed fixed dilatation of his right-side pupil and a head CT scan showed developing ischemic changes and increased in his midline shift which prompted to emergent right decompressive craniectomy. The following day of his surgery, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed large acute infarctions of the right hemisphere, edema, and subfalcine herniation. Two brain death exams - 12 hours apart - were performed in which criteria for brain death were met. The patient's subdural empyema culture grew and .
PubMed: 37790026
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44517 -
Cureus Aug 2023causes pharyngeal and skin lesions but rarely causes severe systemic infections. An 80-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus was admitted for surgery of a left femoral...
causes pharyngeal and skin lesions but rarely causes severe systemic infections. An 80-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus was admitted for surgery of a left femoral neck fracture and right first toe ulcer. On day 19, chest radiography revealed a massive left pleural effusion.Pleural fluid culture grew and . The fluid was drained via a chest tube, and the patient was treated with cefazolin and clindamycin. Only four cases of pyothorax caused by have been reported, and no previous cases of pyothorax with bacterial co-infections have been reported.
PubMed: 37750124
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44096 -
Anaerobe Aug 2023Members of the Actinomyces genus and Actinomyces-like organisms (ALOs; namely Actinotignum, Arcanobacterium, Schaalia and Varibaculum) are Gram-positive,... (Review)
Review
Members of the Actinomyces genus and Actinomyces-like organisms (ALOs; namely Actinotignum, Arcanobacterium, Schaalia and Varibaculum) are Gram-positive, non-spore-forming rods that are commensal members of the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, female genital tract and skin microbiota. Cervicofacial actinomycosis or "lumpy jaw syndrome" - the chronic, suppurative granulomatous disease caused by Actinomyces spp. And ALOs - is characterized by an initially slow and unspecific disease-presentation, which often mimics other pathologies, followed by the formation of painful abscesses and severe tissue destruction. Actinomycosis has been described as a rare disease, however, reliable epidemiological data are lacking. In addition, there is increasing awareness regarding the role of Actinomyces spp. in the development of osteoradionecrosis and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. The aim of this narrative review is to succinctly summarize the current advances regarding the microbiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of cervicofacial actinomycosis, in addition to the roles of Actinomyces species and ALOs as members of the oral microbiota and in dental biofilm, in other dental infections (caries, root canal infection, periapical infection, periodontitis) and osteonecrosis of the jaw, in the context of recent taxonomic changes affecting the genus. Our paper aims to be a blueprint for dentists, other physicians, microbiologists and researchers regarding the multifaceted field of cervicofacial actinomycosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial; Mouth; Actinomycetaceae; Osteonecrosis
PubMed: 37482285
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102767 -
Microbes and Environments 2023The umbilicus accumulates more dirt than other body surfaces and is difficult to clean. Hygiene in this area is vital, particularly for surgery, because of its proximity...
The umbilicus accumulates more dirt than other body surfaces and is difficult to clean. Hygiene in this area is vital, particularly for surgery, because of its proximity to the laparotomy site. Although microorganisms in the umbilicus have been extensively examined, those in umbilical dirt have not due to the lack of an efficient method of collection. We previously established a technique to extract umbilical dirt using the anchor effect of polymers, which are injected into the umbilicus. In the present study, we applied this technique for the first time to investigate umbilical dirt. The results obtained revealed an abundance of Corynebacterium among various bacteria, whereas Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus, which are abundant at other skin sites, were rare. The relationships between the microbiota and issues related to the umbilicus were investigated and some covariates, including the odor score and several bacteria, were identified. A detailed ana-lysis of the genera associated with odor revealed no correlation with Corynebacterium; however, some minor anaerobic bacteria, such as Mobiluncus, Arcanobacterium, and Peptoniphilus, were more abundant in the high odor score group. Therefore, this technique to collect umbilical dirt provided insights into the microbiota in umbilical dirt and suggested functions for minor anaerobes. Furthermore, since various pathogenic microorganisms were detected, their control may contribute to the prevention of both odor production and infectious diseases caused by these microorganisms.
Topics: Umbilicus; Odorants; Microbiota; Bacteria; Bacteria, Anaerobic; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 37407492
DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.ME23007