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Journal of Advanced Veterinary and... Jun 2023, , , and are significant foodborne pathogens regarding the consumption of raw poultry meat. An existing survey was conducted to assess the occurrence of , , , and in...
OBJECTIVE
, , , and are significant foodborne pathogens regarding the consumption of raw poultry meat. An existing survey was conducted to assess the occurrence of , , , and in raw poultry meat samples.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ninety-four raw ostrich, turkey, chicken, and quail meat samples were collected and subjected to culture-based analysis. , , , and isolates were confirmed by standard biochemical techniques.
RESULTS
The occurrence of , , , and in poultry meat samples was 11.45%, 17.70%, 1.04%, and 16.66%, respectively. was absent in chicken, turkey, and ostrich meat samples. Only one quail meat (4.16%) was positive for . The uppermost contamination rate with , , and was found in chicken (25%), turkey (25%), and turkey (25%) meat samples, respectively. The concurrent occurrence of + + bacteria amid the examined poultry meat samples was 2.08%.
CONCLUSION
This is an initial report of , , and in poultry meat samples. Adequate cooking of poultry meat can diminish foodborne diseases due to , , , and bacteria, and these species may constitute a public health problem.
PubMed: 37534081
DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j670 -
BioMed Research International 2023Lake Victoria, the second-largest freshwater lake in the world, provides an important source of food and income, particularly fish for both domestic consumption and for...
Lake Victoria, the second-largest freshwater lake in the world, provides an important source of food and income, particularly fish for both domestic consumption and for export market. In recent years, Lake Victoria has suffered massive pollution from both industrial and wastewater discharge. Microplastic biomes, pharmaceutical residues, drugs of abuse, heavy metals, agrochemicals, and personal care products are ubiquitous in the aquatic ecosystem of Winam Gulf. These pollutants are known to alter microbial assemblages in aquatic ecosystems with far-reaching ramification including a calamitous consequence to human health. Indeed, some of these pollutants have been associated with human cancers and antimicrobial resistance. There is a paucity of data on the microbial profiles of this important but heavily polluted aquatic ecosystem. The current study sought to investigate the metagenomic profiles of microbial assemblages in the Winam Gulf ecosystem. Water and sediment samples were collected from several locations within the study sites. Total genomic DNA pooled from all sampling sites was extracted and analyzed by whole-genome shotgun sequencing. Analyses revealed three major kingdoms: bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes belonging to 3 phyla, 13 classes, 14 families, 9 orders, 14 genera, and 10 species. , , , , and were the dominated phyla, class, family, order, genera, and species, respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes indicated the highest number of genes involved in metabolism. The presence of carbohydrate metabolism genes and enzymes was used to infer organic pollutions from sewage and agricultural runoffs. Similarly, the presence of xylene and nutrotoluene degradation genes and enzyme was used to infer industrial pollution into the lake. Drug metabolism genes lend credence to the possibility of pharmaceutical pollutants in water. Taken together, there is a clear indication of massive pollution. In addition, carbohydrate-active enzymes were the most abundant and included genes in glycoside hydrolases. Shotgun metagenomic analyses conveyed an understanding of the microbial communities of the massively polluted aquatic ecosystem of Winam Gulf, Lake Vicoria, Kenya. The current study documents the presence of multiclass pollutants in Lake Victoria and reveals information that might be useful for a potential bioremediation strategy using the native microbial communities.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Lakes; Ecosystem; Kenya; Plastics; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Monitoring; Microbiota; Water; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 37521121
DOI: 10.1155/2023/3724531 -
Chemosphere Oct 2023Efficient nitrate removal from recirculating mariculture system (RMS) water is of significance since high concentration of nitrate would cause chronic health effects on...
Start-up of solid-phase denitrification process for treatment of nitrate-rich water in recirculating mariculture system: Carbon source selection and nitrate removal mechanism.
Efficient nitrate removal from recirculating mariculture system (RMS) water is of significance since high concentration of nitrate would cause chronic health effects on aquatic organisms and eutrophication. Solid-phase denitrification (SPD) is a safer and more sustainable approach than conventional heterotrophic denitrification by dosing liquid carbon sources. Thus, its application for treating nitrate-rich RMS water was investigated in this study. Poly 3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) was identified with the best nitrate removal among four kinds of carbon sources. PHBV-filled reactors started with mariculture, municipal and mixing sludges (at the ratio of 1:1) and fed with 200 mg L nitrate-rich RMS water all achieved over 81% nitrate removals with a HRT of 4 days. The dissolved organic carbon concentrations of the reactors were in the range of 3-9 mg L. Arcobacter, Halomonas, and Psedomonas were dominant genera responsible for nitrate removal in different reactors. Metagenomic analyses indicate that both denitrification and assimilatory nitrate reduction (ANR) are the main contributors to nitrate removals. Metagenomic results illustrated nirB/D cooperated with nasA may perform ANR pathway, which transformed nitrate to ammonia for biosynthesis. These results indicate that SPD could be a safer alternative for treating nitrate-rich RMS water, and provide new insights into nitrogen metabolism pathways in SPD process.
Topics: Nitrates; Denitrification; Carbon; Water; Bioreactors; Polyesters; Nitrogen
PubMed: 37479001
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139568 -
Heliyon Jul 2023The family groups Gram-negative bacterial species previously included in the family . These species of which some are considered foodborne pathogens, have been isolated...
The family groups Gram-negative bacterial species previously included in the family . These species of which some are considered foodborne pathogens, have been isolated from different environmental niches and hosts. They have been isolated from various types of foods, though predominantly from food of animal origin, as well as from stool of humans with enteritis. Their different abilities to survive in different hosts and environments suggest an evolutionary pressure with consequent variation in their genome content. Moreover, their different physiological and genomic characteristics led to the recent proposal to create new genera within this family, which is however criticized due to the lack of discriminatory features and biological and clinical relevance. Aims of the present study were to assess the pangenome, and to characterize existing similarities and differences in 20 validly described species. For this, analysis has been conducted on the genomes of the corresponding type strains obtained by Illumina sequencing, applying several bioinformatic tools. Results of the present study do not support the proposed division into different genera and revealed the presence of pangenome partitions with numbers comparable to other Gram-negative bacteria genera, such as . Different gene class compositions in animal and human-associated species are present, including a higher percentage of virulence-related gene classes such as cell motility genes. The adaptation to environmental and/or host conditions of some species was identified by the presence of specific genes. Furthermore, a division into pathogenic and non-pathogenic species is suggested, which can support future research on food safety and public health.
PubMed: 37449094
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17652 -
MBio Aug 2023the deep-sea annelid found at sunken whalefalls, is known to host Oceanospirillales bacterial endosymbionts intracellularly in specialized roots, which help it feed...
the deep-sea annelid found at sunken whalefalls, is known to host Oceanospirillales bacterial endosymbionts intracellularly in specialized roots, which help it feed exclusively on vertebrate bones. Past studies, however, have also made mention of external bacteria on their trunks. During a 14-yr study, we reveal a dynamic, yet persistent, shift of Campylobacterales integrated into the epidermis of , which change over time as the whale carcass degrades on the sea floor. The Campylobacterales associated with seven species of , which comprise 67% of the bacterial community on the trunk, appear initially dominated by the genus (at early time points <24 mo), the at intermediate stages (~50 mo), and the at later stages (>140 mo) of whale carcass decomposition. Metagenome analysis of the epibiont metabolic capabilities suggests potential for a transition from heterotrophy to autotrophy and differences in their capacity to metabolize oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Compared to free-living relatives, the epibiont genomes were enriched in transposable elements, implicating genetic exchange on the host surface, and contained numerous secretions systems with eukaryotic-like protein (ELP) domains, suggesting a long evolutionary history with these enigmatic, yet widely distributed deep-sea worms. IMPORTANCE Symbiotic associations are widespread in nature and we can expect to find them in every type of ecological niche. In the last twenty years, the myriad of functions, interactions and species comprising microbe-host associations has fueled a surge of interest and appreciation for symbiosis. During this 14-year study, we reveal a dynamic population of bacterial epibionts, integrated into the epidermis of 7 species of a deep-sea worm group that feeds exclusively on the remains of marine mammals. The bacterial genomes provide clues of a long evolutionary history with these enigmatic worms. On the host surface, they exchange genes and appear to undergo ecological succession, as the whale carcass habitat degrades over time, similar to what is observed for some free-living communities. These, and other annelid worms are important keystone species for diverse deep-sea environments, yet the role of attached external bacteria in supporting host health has received relatively little attention.
PubMed: 37382438
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03140-22 -
Microorganisms May 2023, the most widespread species within the genus , is considered as an emerging pathogen causing gastroenteritis in humans. Here, we performed a comparative genome-wide...
, the most widespread species within the genus , is considered as an emerging pathogen causing gastroenteritis in humans. Here, we performed a comparative genome-wide analysis of 40 strains from Lithuania to determine the genetic relationship, pangenome structure, putative virulence, and potential antimicrobial- and heavy-metal-resistance genes. Core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) analysis revealed low within-group variability (≤4 SNPs) between three milk strains (RCM42, RCM65, RCM80) and one human strain (H19). Regardless of the type of input (i.e., cgSNPs, accessory genome, virulome, resistome), these strains showed a recurrent phylogenetic and hierarchical grouping pattern. demonstrated a relatively large and highly variable accessory genome (comprising of 6284 genes with around 50% of them identified as singletons) that only partially correlated to the isolation source. Downstream analysis of the genomes resulted in the detection of 115 putative antimicrobial- and heavy-metal-resistance genes and 136 potential virulence factors that are associated with the induction of infection in host (e.g., , , ), survival and environmental adaptation (e.g., flagellar genes, CheA-CheY chemotaxis system, urease cluster). This study provides additional knowledge for a better -related risk assessment and highlights the need for further genomic epidemiology studies in Lithuania and other countries.
PubMed: 37374927
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061425 -
Microorganisms May 2023Potential etiological relevance for gastroenteric disorders including diarrhea has been assigned to . However, standard routine diagnostic algorithms for stool samples...
Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Three Real-Time PCR Assays for the Detection of in Human Stool Samples Targeting Different Genes in a Test Comparison without a Reference Standard.
Potential etiological relevance for gastroenteric disorders including diarrhea has been assigned to . However, standard routine diagnostic algorithms for stool samples of patients with diarrhea are rarely adapted to the detection of this pathogen and so, is likely to go undetected unless it is specifically addressed, e.g., by applying pathogen-specific molecular diagnostic approaches. In the study presented here, we compared three real-time PCR assays targeting the genes , (both hybridization probe assays) and (fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay) of in a test comparison without a reference standard using a stool sample collection with a high pretest probability from the Ghanaian endemicity setting. Latent class analysis was applied with the PCR results obtained with a collection of 1495 stool samples showing no signs of PCR inhibition to assess the real-time PCR assays' diagnostic accuracy. Calculated sensitivity and specificity were 93.0% and 96.9% for the -PCR, 100% and 98.2% for the -PCR, as well as 12.7% and 99.8% for the -PCR, respectively. The calculated prevalence within the assessed Ghanaian population was 14.7%. As indicated by test results obtained with high-titer spiked samples, cross-reactions of the -assay and -assay with phylogenetically related species such as can occur but are less likely with phylogenetically more distant species like, e.g., . In conclusion, the -assay showed the most promising performance characteristics as the only assay with sensitivity >95%, albeit associated with a broad 95%-confidence interval. In addition, this assay showed still-acceptable specificity of >98% in spite of the known cross-reactivity with phylogenetically closely related species such as . If higher certainty is desired, the -assay with specificity close to 100% can be applied for confirmation testing with samples showing positive -PCR results. However, in case of a negative result in the -assay, this cannot reliably exclude the detection of in the -assay due to the -assay's very low sensitivity.
PubMed: 37317286
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051313 -
EcoHealth Jun 2023Foodborne pathogens are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. To assess the presence of Salmonella, Campylobacter and Arcobacter spp. in livestock,...
Foodborne pathogens are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. To assess the presence of Salmonella, Campylobacter and Arcobacter spp. in livestock, wildlife, and humans from different regions across western Uganda, 479 faecal samples were tested by PCR. Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. were more frequently detected in livestock (5.1% and 23.5%, respectively) compared to wildlife (1.9% and 16.8%, respectively). Wildlife from remote areas showed lower Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. occurrence than in areas where interactions with livestock are common, suggesting that spill-over may exist from livestock or humans. Further studies are needed to better understand the transmission dynamics of these pathogens at the wildlife-livestock-human interface in western Uganda.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Animals, Wild; Livestock; Uganda; Salmonella; Campylobacter
PubMed: 37261595
DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01639-6 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Due to the lack of knowledge about in the Chilean poultry industry, the objective of this research was to know the prevalence, resistance, and genotypes of , and in...
Due to the lack of knowledge about in the Chilean poultry industry, the objective of this research was to know the prevalence, resistance, and genotypes of , and in 382 samples of chicken meat purchased in Valdivia, Chile. The samples were analyzed using three isolation protocols. Resistance to four antibiotics was evaluated by phenotypic methods. Genomic analyses were performed on selected resistant strains to detect resistance determinants and their genotypes. A total of 59.2% of the samples were positive. (37.4%) was the most prevalent species, followed by (19.6%), (11.3%), (3.7%) and (1.3%). (14%) was detected by PCR in a subset of samples. was resistant to ciprofloxacin (37.3%) and tetracycline (20%), while and were resistant to ciprofloxacin (55.8% and 2.8%), erythromycin (16.3% and 0.7%) and tetracycline (4.7% and 2.8%), respectively. Molecular determinants were consistent with phenotypic resistance. The genotypes of (CC-21, CC-48, CC-49, CC-257, CC-353, CC-443, CC-446 and CC-658) and (CC-828) coincided with genotypes of Chilean clinical strains. These findings suggest that besides and , chicken meat could play a role in the transmission of other pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant
PubMed: 37237819
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050917 -
The ISME Journal Aug 2023Dinitrogen (N) fixation is the major source of reactive nitrogen in the ocean and has been considered to occur specifically in low-latitude oligotrophic oceans. Recent...
Dinitrogen (N) fixation is the major source of reactive nitrogen in the ocean and has been considered to occur specifically in low-latitude oligotrophic oceans. Recent studies have shown that N fixation also occurs in the polar regions and thus is a global process, although the physiological and ecological characteristics of polar diazotrophs are not yet known. Here, we successfully reconstructed diazotroph genomes, including that of cyanobacterium UCYN-A (Candidatus 'Atelocyanobacterium thalassa'), from metagenome data corresponding to 111 samples isolated from the Arctic Ocean. These diazotrophs were highly abundant in the Arctic Ocean (max., 1.28% of the total microbial community), suggesting that they have important roles in the Arctic ecosystem and biogeochemical cycles. Further, we show that diazotrophs within genera Arcobacter, Psychromonas, and Oceanobacter are prevalent in the <0.2 µm fraction in the Arctic Ocean, indicating that current methods cannot capture their N fixation. Diazotrophs in the Arctic Ocean were either Arctic-endemic or cosmopolitan species from their global distribution patterns. Arctic-endemic diazotrophs, including Arctic UCYN-A, were similar to low-latitude-endemic and cosmopolitan diazotrophs in genome-wide function, however, they had unique gene sets (e.g., diverse aromatics degradation genes), suggesting adaptations to Arctic-specific conditions. Cosmopolitan diazotrophs were generally non-cyanobacteria and commonly had the gene that encodes the cold-inducible RNA chaperone, which presumably makes their survival possible even in deep, cold waters of global ocean and polar surface waters. This study shows global distribution pattern of diazotrophs with their genomes and provides clues to answering the question of how diazotrophs can inhabit polar waters.
Topics: Seawater; Nitrogen Fixation; Ecosystem; Oceans and Seas; Cyanobacteria
PubMed: 37217593
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01424-x