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Journal of Food Protection Mar 2023Arcobacters are emerging pathogens that have been underestimated due to a lack of a standardized isolation method. The aim of this research was to evaluate the ability...
Arcobacters are emerging pathogens that have been underestimated due to a lack of a standardized isolation method. The aim of this research was to evaluate the ability to isolate Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii using two Arcobacter-specific culture detection systems: (i) the Houf broth and modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar supplemented with cefoperazone, amphotericin B, and teicoplanin (HB/mCCDA+CAT), and (ii) the Nguyen-Restaino-Juárez Arcobacter enrichment broth and chromogenic agar (NRJ-B/M). Both detection systems were evaluated for productivity ratio, sensitivity, and specificity. As a result, the productivity ratio for both plating agars were >90%, which indicates that the selective agents used in the two plating agars did not inhibit Arcobacter growth. Moreover, sensitivity evaluations using artificially inoculated retail ground poultry (n = 780) determined that both detection systems were able to isolate A. butlzeri with >95% sensitivity at the 0.1 and 1.0-2.0 CFU/g detection level. The sensitivity in A. cryaerophilus isolation was higher for NRJ-B/M (78.0% at 0.1 CFU/g; 95.1% at 1.0-2.0 CFU/g) when compared with HB/mCCDA+CAT (34.1% at 0.1 CFU/g; 51.2% at 1.0-2.0 CFU/g). Both detection systems resulted in <50% sensitivity when isolating A. skirrowii at 0.1 and 1.0-2.0 CFU/g; however, the sensitivity for NRJ-B/M was significantly higher than HB/mCCDA+CAT. At the detection level of 5.0 CFU/g, both detection systems were able to isolate A. skirrowii with 100% sensitivity. Specificity comparisons using uninoculated ground poultry samples (n = 40) indicated the growth of background microbiota were significantly inhibited or could be easily differentiated on NRJ-B/M (90.0%, specificity) when compared with HB/mCCDA+CAT (30.0%, specificity). Overall, these results show that the NRJ-B/M detection system is a more sensitive and specific detection system when isolating Arcobacter spp. from ground chicken.
Topics: Animals; Poultry; Arcobacter; Agar; Cefoperazone
PubMed: 36916562
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100057 -
Bacteremia caused by Arcobacter butzleri after cardiac surgery: A case report and literature review.Asian Journal of Surgery Jul 2023
Review
Topics: Humans; Arcobacter; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Bacteremia
PubMed: 36906417
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.02.119 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023Wastewater handling has been associated with an increased risk of developing adverse health effects, including respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses. However, there...
Wastewater handling has been associated with an increased risk of developing adverse health effects, including respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses. However, there is a paucity of information in the literature, and occupational health risks are not well quantified. Grab influent samples were analysed using Illumina Miseq 16S amplicon sequencing to assess potential worker exposure to bacterial pathogens occurring in five municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The most predominant phyla were , , , , and , accounting for 85.4% of the total bacterial community. Taxonomic analysis showed a relatively low diversity of bacterial composition of the predominant genera across all WWTPs, indicating a high degree of bacterial community stability in the influent source. Pathogenic bacterial genera of human health concern included , , , , , , , and . Furthermore, WHO-listed inherently resistant opportunistic bacterial genera were identified. These results suggest that WWTP workers may be occupationally exposed to several bacterial genera classified as hazardous biological agents for humans. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive risk assessments to ascertain the actual risks and health outcomes among WWTP workers and inform effective intervention strategies to reduce worker exposure.
Topics: Humans; South Africa; Enterobacteriaceae; Bacteria; Wastewater; Water Purification
PubMed: 36901349
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054338 -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... Mar 2023Arcobacter butzleri is a gram-negative rod, with microaerobic growth at an optimal temperature of 37°C. It was reported to be the fourth most common Campylobacter-like...
BACKGROUND
Arcobacter butzleri is a gram-negative rod, with microaerobic growth at an optimal temperature of 37°C. It was reported to be the fourth most common Campylobacter-like organism isolated from patients with diarrhoea.
OBJECTIVE
Characterise a potential outbreak of A. butzleri detected in a short period of time in the University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla.
METHODS
Eight strains of A. butzleri were detected in our hospital in only two months. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS system and 16S rDNA sequencing. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) were carried out to assess clonal relationship. Gradient strips (Etest) were used to determine susceptibility by agar diffusion.
RESULTS
ERIC-PCR and PFGE confirmed the lack of clonal relationship between strains. Erythromycin or ciprofloxacin might be appropriate for antibiotic treatment of infections.
CONCLUSIONS
A. butzleri is an emerging pathogen with increasing incidence, and may be underestimated.
Topics: Humans; Arcobacter; Campylobacter; Ciprofloxacin; Disease Outbreaks; Enterobacteriaceae; Hospitals, University
PubMed: 36870733
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.10.012 -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023Wastewater storage before reuse is regulated in some countries. Investigations of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during wastewater storage are...
Wastewater storage before reuse is regulated in some countries. Investigations of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during wastewater storage are necessary for lowering the risks for wastewater reuse but are still mostly lacking. This study aimed to investigate pathogens, including harmful plant pathogens, and ARGs during 180 d of swine wastewater (SWW) storage in an anaerobic storage experiment. The contents of total organic carbon and total nitrogen in SWW were found to consistently decrease with the extension of storage time. Bacterial abundance and fungal abundance significantly decreased with storage time, which may be mainly attributed to nutrient loss during storage and the long period of exposure to a high level (4653.2 μg/L) of sulfonamides in the SWW, which have an inhibitory effect. It was found that suspected bacterial pathogens (e.g., spp., spp., spp., spp., and spp.) and sulfonamide-resistant genes , , , and tended to persist and even become enriched during SWW storage. Interestingly, some suspected plant fungal species (e.g., spp., spp. and spp.) were detected in SWW. Fungi in the SWW, including threatening fungal pathogens, were completely removed after 60 d of anaerobic storage, indicating that storage could lower the risk of using SWW in crop production. The results clearly indicate that storage time is crucial for SWW properties, and long periods of anaerobic storage could lead to substantial nutrient loss and enrichment of bacterial pathogens and ARGs in SWW.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Wastewater; Genes, Bacterial; Sulfonamides; Anaerobiosis; Sulfanilamide; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial
PubMed: 36833839
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043135 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023In recent years, has gained clinical significance as an emerging diarrheagenic pathogen associated with poultry and water reservoirs. The full clinical significance of...
In recent years, has gained clinical significance as an emerging diarrheagenic pathogen associated with poultry and water reservoirs. The full clinical significance of remains rather speculative due to variable virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of individual strains. The aims of the present study were (i) to identify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant isolates, (ii) to use multilocus-sequence typing (MLST) to generate a guiding phylogeny of isolates collected in Kumasi, Ghana, (iii) to examine the distribution of ARGs in the test cohort, and (iv) to assess the strain's virulence and possible antibiotic treatment options for arcobacteriosis based on the genome sequences and the ARG distribution. A total of 48 A isolates obtained from poultry were included in the analysis. These isolates were genotyped by MLST and the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and erythromycin were tested by disk diffusion. Whole genome sequence data of two multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were obtained by a combination of single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and Illumina sequencing technology. A total of 14 ARGs were identified in the two generated genome sequences. For all 48 isolates, the frequency of these 14 ARGs was investigated by PCR or amplicon sequencing. With 44 different sequence types found among 48 isolates, strains were phylogenetically heterogeneous. Four of 48 isolates showed an ARG constellation indicating a multidrug-resistant phenotype. The virulence genes in the two genomes showed that the species might be characterized by a somewhat lower virulence as species. The phenotypic susceptibility data combined with the distribution of the particular ARGs especially and the T81I point mutation of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) in a significant percentage of isolates indicated that macrolides and tetracycline can be recommended for calculated antibiotic treatment of arcobacteriosis in Ghana, but not ampicillin and quinolones.
Topics: Animals; Poultry; Arcobacter; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Ghana; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Tetracycline
PubMed: 36761899
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1094067 -
Bioresource Technology Mar 2023Electrotrophic denitrification (ED) is a promising nitrogen removal technique; however, the potential of ED coupled with biologically induced phosphate precipitation...
Aerobic electrotrophic denitrification coupled with biologically induced phosphate precipitation for nitrogen and phosphorus removal from high-salinity wastewater: Performance, mechanism, and microbial community.
Electrotrophic denitrification (ED) is a promising nitrogen removal technique; however, the potential of ED coupled with biologically induced phosphate precipitation (BIPP) has not been fully explored. In this study, the performances, mechanisms, and microbial communities of the coupled system were investigated. The results showed that excellent nitrogen and phosphorus removal (both exceeding 92 %) was achieved in the salinity range of 20-60 g/L. ED contributed to approximately 83.4 % of nitrogen removal. BIPP removed approximately 63.5 % of the phosphorus. Batch activity tests confirmed that aerobic/anoxic bio-electrochemical and autotrophic/heterotrophic denitrification worked together for nitrate removal. Sulfate reduction had a negative impact on denitrification. Moreover, phosphorus removal was controlled by ED and calcium ions. The alkaline solution environment created by denitrification may greatly promote the formation of hydroxyapatite. Microbial community analyses indicated that the key bacteria involved in aerobic ED was Arcobacter. These findings will aid in the advanced treatment of high-salinity wastewater.
Topics: Wastewater; Phosphorus; Denitrification; Phosphates; Nitrogen; Salinity; Bioreactors; Microbiota; Nitrification
PubMed: 36731615
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128696 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Bivalve shellfish consumption (ark shells, clams, cockles, and oysters) has increased over the last decades. Following this trend, infectious disease outbreaks... (Review)
Review
Bivalve shellfish consumption (ark shells, clams, cockles, and oysters) has increased over the last decades. Following this trend, infectious disease outbreaks associated with their consumption have been reported more frequently. Molluscs are a diverse group of organisms found wild and farmed. They are common on our tables, but unfortunately, despite their great taste, they can also pose a threat as a potential vector for numerous species of pathogenic microorganisms. Clams, in particular, might be filled with pathogens because of their filter-feeding diet. This specific way of feeding favors the accumulation of excessive amounts of pathogenic microorganisms like spp., including and , , spp., and fecal coliforms, and intestinal enterococci. The problems of pathogen dissemination and disease outbreaks caused by exogenous bacteria in many geographical regions quickly became an unwanted effect of globalized food supply chains, global climate change, and natural pathogen transmission dynamics. Moreover, some pathogens like spp., with high zoonotic potential, are spreading worldwide along with food transport. These bacteria, contained in food, are also responsible for the potential transmission of antibiotic-resistance genes to species belonging to the human microbiota. Finally, they end up in wastewater, thus colonizing new areas, which enables them to introduce new antibiotic-resistance genes (ARG) into the environment and extend the existing spectrum of ARGs already present in local biomes. Foodborne pathogens require modern methods of detection. Similarly, detecting ARGs is necessary to prevent resistance dissemination in new environments, thus preventing future outbreaks, which could threaten associated consumers and workers in the food processing industry.
PubMed: 36699600
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1061223 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Dec 2022Milk is consumed raw or minimally processed and plays a role in the dissemination of pathogens of public health concerns. The present investigation is aimed at assessing...
AIMS
Milk is consumed raw or minimally processed and plays a role in the dissemination of pathogens of public health concerns. The present investigation is aimed at assessing the occurrence of pathogenic Arcobacter species in 2945 milk samples.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Arcobacter data systematically retrieved from five repositories until 20 February 2022 according to PRISMA principles were logit transformed and fitted using a generalized linear mixed-effects model. The between-study heterogeneity was estimated as I2-value. Leave-one-out cross-validation and funnel plot with Egger's tests were used to assess the hardiness and bias in the model. The global prevalence of Arcobacter genus in the milk was 12% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7-19%; I2 = 87.3%, 95% CI: 83.0-90.6%] and no publication bias observed (Egger's test: P = 0.112). Arcobacter genus prevalence in milk was 13% (95% CI: 5-30%), 10% (95% CI: 1-46%), and 9% (95% CI: 4-19%) in Europe, South America, and Asia, respectively. Arcobacter butzleri was the most prevalent [8% (95% CI: 4-13%)], followed by A. cryaerophilus [0.6% (95% CI: 0.2-33.2%)] and A. skirrowii [0.19% (95% CI: 0.03-1.2%)]. Also, species-specific prevalence of A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, and A. skirrowii varied continentally, but the test for species-specific/continental differences was not significantly different (P > 0.5).
PubMed: 36626780
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxac037 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Dec 2022Milk is consumed raw or minimally processed and plays a role in the dissemination of pathogens of public health concerns. The present investigation is aimed at assessing...
AIMS
Milk is consumed raw or minimally processed and plays a role in the dissemination of pathogens of public health concerns. The present investigation is aimed at assessing the occurrence of pathogenic Arcobacter species in 2945 milk samples.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Arcobacter data systematically retrieved from 5 repositories until 20/02/2022 according to PRISMA principles was logit transformed and fitted using a generalized linear mixed-effects model. The between-study heterogeneity was estimated as I2-value. Leave-one-out-cross-validation and funnel plot with Egger's tests was used to assess the hardiness and bias in the model. The global prevalence of Arcobacter genus in the milk was 12% [95%-CI: 7-19%; I2 = 87.3%, 95%-CI: 83.0-90.6%] and no publication bias observed (Eggers' test: p = 0.112). Arcobacter genus prevalence in milk was 13% (95%-CI: 5-30%), 10% (95%-CI: 1-46%), and 9% (95%-CI: 4-19%) in Europe, South America, and Asia, respectively. A. butzleri was the most prevalent (8% [95%-CI: 4-13%]), then A. cryaerophilus (0.6% [95%-CI: 0.2-33.2%]) and A. skirrowii (0.19% [95%-CI: 0.03-1.2%]). Also species-specific prevalence of A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, and A. skirrowii varied continentally, but the test for species-specific/continental differences were not significantly different (p > 0.5).
PubMed: 36626761
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxac037