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International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension significantly contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as promising... (Review)
Review
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension significantly contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for these conditions. This systematic review conducts a thorough analysis of the literature, with a specific focus on investigating miRNA expression patterns in patients with CAD and hypertension. This review encompasses an unspecified number of eligible studies that employed a variety of patient demographics and research methodologies, resulting in diverse miRNA expression profiles. This review highlights the complex involvement of miRNAs in CAD and hypertension and the potential for advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Future research endeavors are imperative to validate these findings and elucidate the precise roles of miRNAs in disease progression, offering promising avenues for innovative diagnostic tools and targeted interventions.
Topics: Humans; Coronary Artery Disease; MicroRNAs; Hypertension; Biomarkers; Gene Expression Regulation
PubMed: 38928136
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126430 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory reaction that develops at specific regions within the artery wall and at specific sites of the arterial tree over a varying time frame... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory reaction that develops at specific regions within the artery wall and at specific sites of the arterial tree over a varying time frame in response to a variety of risk factors. The mechanisms that account for the interaction of systemic factors and atherosclerosis-susceptible regions of the arterial tree to mediate this site-specific development of atherosclerosis are not clear. The dynamics of blood flow has a major influence on where in the arterial tree atherosclerosis develops, priming the site for interactions with atherosclerotic risk factors and inducing cellular and molecular participants in atherogenesis. But how this accounts for lesion development at various locations along the vascular tree across differing time frames still requires additional study. Currently, murine models are favored for the experimental study of atherogenesis and provide the most insight into the mechanisms that may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Based largely on these studies, in this review, we discuss the role of hemodynamic shear stress, SR-B1, and other factors that may contribute to the site-specific development of atherosclerosis.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Animals; Mice; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Hemodynamics; Arteries
PubMed: 38928086
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126375 -
Biomolecules Jun 2024Atherosclerosis (AS) has become the leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Our previous study had observed that (Nb) infection or its derived products could...
Anti-Inflammatory Responses Produced with -Derived Uridine via the Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel and Its Anti-Atherosclerosis Effect in an Apolipoprotein E Gene Knockout Mouse Model.
Atherosclerosis (AS) has become the leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Our previous study had observed that (Nb) infection or its derived products could inhibit AS development by inducing an anti-inflammatory response. We performed a metabolic analysis to screen Nb-derived metabolites with anti-inflammation activity and evaluated the AS-prevention effect. We observed that the metabolite uridine had higher expression levels in mice infected with the Nb and ES (excretory-secretory) products and could be selected as a key metabolite. ES and uridine interventions could reduce the pro-inflammatory responses and increase the anti-inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. The apolipoprotein E gene knockout (ApoE) mice were fed with a high-fat diet for the AS modeling. Following the in vivo intervention, ES products or uridine significantly reduced serum and liver lipid levels, alleviated the formation of atherosclerosis, and reduced the pro-inflammatory responses in serum or plaques, while the anti-inflammatory responses showed opposite trends. After blocking with 5-HD (5-hydroxydecanoate sodium) in vitro, the mRNA levels of M2 markers were significantly reduced. When blocked with 5-HD in vivo, the degree of atherosclerosis was worsened, the pro-inflammatory responses were increased compared to the uridine group, while the anti-inflammatory responses decreased accordingly. Uridine, a key metabolite from , showed anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects in vitro and in vivo, which depend on the activation of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Atherosclerosis; Uridine; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Nippostrongylus; Mice, Knockout; Apolipoproteins E; Disease Models, Animal; KATP Channels; Male; Mitochondria
PubMed: 38927075
DOI: 10.3390/biom14060672 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Jun 2024Machine learning algorithms are frequently used to clinical risk prediction. Our study was designed to predict risk factors of prolonged intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)...
Machine learning algorithms are frequently used to clinical risk prediction. Our study was designed to predict risk factors of prolonged intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) through developing machine learning-based models. Patients who received perioperative IABP therapy were divided into two groups based on their length of IABP implantation longer than the 75th percentile for the whole cohort: normal (≤ 10 days) and prolonged (> 10 days) groups. Seven machine learning-based models were created and evaluated, and then the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was employed to further illustrate the influence of the features on model. In our study, a total of 143 patients were included, comprising 56 cases (38.16%) in the prolonged group. The logistic regression model was considered the final prediction model according to its most excellent performance. Furthermore, feature important analysis identified left ventricular end-systolic or diastolic diameter, preoperative IABP use, diabetes, and cardiac troponin T as the top five risk variables for prolonged IABP implantation in patients. The SHAP analysis further explained the features attributed to the model. Machine learning models were successfully developed and used to predict risk variables of prolonged IABP implantation in patients with CABG. This may help early identification for prolonged IABP use and initiate clinical interventions.
Topics: Humans; Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping; Coronary Artery Bypass; Machine Learning; Male; Female; Risk Factors; Middle Aged; Aged; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Coronary Artery Disease; Time Factors
PubMed: 38926828
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02830-8 -
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy Jun 2024Liver disease and dementia are both highly prevalent and share common pathological mechanisms. We aimed to investigate the associations between metabolic...
BACKGROUND
Liver disease and dementia are both highly prevalent and share common pathological mechanisms. We aimed to investigate the associations between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific dementia.
METHODS
We conducted a prospective study with 403,506 participants from the UK Biobank. Outcomes included all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used for analyses.
RESULTS
155,068 (38.4%) participants had MAFLD, and 111,938 (27.7%) had MASLD at baseline. During a median follow-up of 13.7 years, 5,732 participants developed dementia (2,355 Alzheimer's disease and 1,274 vascular dementia). MAFLD was associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia (HR 1.32 [95% CI 1.18-1.48]) but a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (0.92 [0.84-1.0]). Differing risks emerged among MAFLD subtypes, with the diabetes subtype increasing risk of all-cause dementia (1.8 [1.65-1.96]), vascular dementia (2.95 [2.53-3.45]) and Alzheimer's disease (1.46 [1.26-1.69]), the lean metabolic disorder subtype only increasing vascular dementia risk (2.01 [1.25-3.22]), whereas the overweight/obesity subtype decreasing risk of Alzheimer's disease (0.83 [0.75-0.91]) and all-cause dementia (0.9 [0.84-0.95]). MASLD was associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia (1.24 [1.1-1.39]) but not Alzheimer's disease (1.0 [0.91-1.09]). The effect of MAFLD on vascular dementia was consistent regardless of MASLD presence, whereas associations with Alzheimer's disease were only present in those without MASLD (0.78 [0.67-0.91]).
CONCLUSIONS
MAFLD and MASLD are associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia, with subtype-specific variations observed in dementia risks. Further research is needed to refine MAFLD and SLD subtyping and explore the underlying mechanisms contributing to dementia risk.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Prospective Studies; Dementia; Aged; Middle Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Dementia, Vascular; Risk Factors; United Kingdom; Fatty Liver; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 38926784
DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01498-5 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Jun 2024Lipids, including phospholipids and bile acids, exert various signaling effects and are thought to contribute to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Here,... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Lipids, including phospholipids and bile acids, exert various signaling effects and are thought to contribute to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, we aimed to compare lipidomic and bile acid profiles in the blood of patients with and without CAD stratified by sex.
METHODS
From 2015 to 2022, 3,012 patients who underwent coronary angiography were recruited in the INTERCATH cohort. From the overall cohort, subgroups were defined using patient characteristics such as CAD vs. no CAD, 1st vs. 3rd tertile of LDL-c, and female vs. male sex. Hereafter, a matching algorithm based on age, BMI, hypertension status, diabetes mellitus status, smoking status, the Mediterranean diet score, and the intake of statins, triglycerides, HDL-c and hs-CRP in a 1:1 ratio was implemented. Lipidomic analyses of stored blood samples using the Lipidyzer platform (SCIEX) and bile acid analysis using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) were carried out.
RESULTS
A total of 177 matched individuals were analyzed; the median ages were 73.5 years (25th and 75th percentile: 64.1, 78.2) and 71.9 years (65.7, 77.2) for females and males with CAD, respectively, and 67.6 years (58.3, 75.3) and 69.2 years (59.8, 76.8) for females and males without CAD, respectively. Further baseline characteristics, including cardiovascular risk factors, were balanced between the groups. Women with CAD had decreased levels of phosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerol, while no differences in bile acid profiles were detected in comparison to those of female patients without CAD. In contrast, in male patients with CAD, decreased concentrations of the secondary bile acid species glycolithocholic and lithocholic acid, as well as altered levels of specific lipids, were detected compared to those in males without CAD. Notably, male patients with low LDL-c and CAD had significantly greater concentrations of various phospholipid species, particularly plasmalogens, compared to those in high LDL-c subgroup.
CONCLUSIONS
We present hypothesis-generating data on sex-specific lipidomic patterns and bile acid profiles in CAD patients. The data suggest that altered lipid and bile acid composition might contribute to CAD development and/or progression, helping to understand the different disease trajectories of CAD in women and men.
REGISTRATION
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04936438 , Unique identifier: NCT04936438.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Coronary Artery Disease; Lipidomics; Sex Characteristics; Sex Factors; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Triglycerides; Cohort Studies
PubMed: 38926753
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02184-z -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Jun 2024Endoscopic vein harvesting (EVH) is an alternative technique to obtain the saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. We aimed to evaluate the...
OBJECTIVES
Endoscopic vein harvesting (EVH) is an alternative technique to obtain the saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. We aimed to evaluate the early and mid-term outcomes of patients with EVH in CABG.
METHODS
This cohort study included consecutive isolated CABG patients in Nanjing First Hospital from July 2020 to December 2022 using propensity score matching methods. Patients were classified to EVH group and open vein harvesting (OVH) group according to the vein harvesting methods. The primary outcome was the all-cause death, and the secondary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) including cardiovascular death, heart failure, myocardial infarction and revascularization and asymptomatic survival in the follow-up.
RESULTS
Totally 1247 patients were included in the study with 849 in OVH group and 398 in EVH group. Patients with EVH were more female, diabetes, higher body mass index, more multi-vessel and left main diseases. 308 pairs were formed after the matching. There was no significant difference in the rates of in-hospital death (EVH vs. OVH, 2.3% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.543). During the 3 years follow-up, EVH grafts were considered not inferior to OVH grafts, no differences were found in all-cause death [8.5% vs. 5.0%, hazard ratio (HR) 1.565, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77-3.17, P = 0.21], MACEs (8.1% vs. 7.1%, HR 1.165, 95CI: 0.51-2.69, P = 0.71) and asymptomatic survival (66.7% vs. 72.5%, HR 1.117, 95%CI: 0.65-1.92, P = 0.68).
CONCLUSIONS
EVH grafts were considered comparable to OVH grafts in patients following CABG in the 3 years follow-up.
Topics: Humans; Coronary Artery Bypass; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Saphenous Vein; Endoscopy; Tissue and Organ Harvesting; Aged; Coronary Artery Disease; Treatment Outcome; Propensity Score
PubMed: 38926738
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02930-5 -
Cardiovascular Diabetology Jun 2024Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) often results from atherosclerosis, and is highly prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Individuals... (Review)
Review
Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) often results from atherosclerosis, and is highly prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Individuals with T2DM exhibit a more severe manifestation and a more distal distribution of PAD compared to those without diabetes, adding complexity to the therapeutic management of PAD in this particular patient population. Indeed, the management of PAD in patients with T2DM requires a multidisciplinary and individualized approach that addresses both the systemic effects of diabetes and the specific vascular complications of PAD. Hence, cardiovascular prevention is of the utmost importance in patients with T2DM and PAD, and encompasses smoking cessation, a healthy diet, structured exercise, careful foot monitoring, and adherence to routine preventive treatments such as statins, antiplatelet agents, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. It is also recommended to incorporate glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in the medical management of patients with T2DM and PAD, due to their demonstrated cardiovascular benefits. However, the specific impact of these novel glucose-lowering agents for individuals with PAD remains obscured within the background of cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs). In this review article, we distil evidence, through a comprehensive literature search of CVOTs and clinical guidelines, to offer key directions for the optimal medical management of individuals with T2DM and lower extremity PAD in the era of GLP-1RA and SGLT2i.
Topics: Humans; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Lower Extremity; Treatment Outcome; Hypoglycemic Agents; Risk Reduction Behavior; Blood Glucose; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Factors; Risk Assessment; Biomarkers; Clinical Decision-Making
PubMed: 38926722
DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02325-9 -
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and... Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Atherosclerosis; Rupture, Spontaneous; Disease Progression; Animals
PubMed: 38924440
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.124.319396 -
Toxins May 2024Cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those undergoing dialysis. The mechanisms behind this may be... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those undergoing dialysis. The mechanisms behind this may be related to traditional risk factors and CKD-specific factors that accelerate atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in CKD patients. The accumulation of uremic toxins is a significant factor in CKD-related systemic disorders. Basic research suggests that indoxyl sulfate (IS), a small protein-bound uremic toxin, is associated with macrophage dysfunctions, including increased oxidative stress, exacerbation of chronic inflammation, and abnormalities in lipid metabolism. Strategies to mitigate the toxicity of IS include optimizing gut microbiota, intervening against the abnormality of intracellular signal transduction, and using blood purification therapy with higher efficiency. Further research is needed to examine whether lowering protein-bound uremic toxins through intervention leads to a reduction in CVD in patients with CKD.
Topics: Indican; Humans; Atherosclerosis; Macrophages; Animals; Uremia; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Uremic Toxins; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 38922148
DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060254