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European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry Jun 2024During adolescence, there is a significant surge in height and total body mass of males. Consequently, they simultaneously experience enhancements in their circulatory...
AIM
During adolescence, there is a significant surge in height and total body mass of males. Consequently, they simultaneously experience enhancements in their circulatory and respiratory systems, which adapt to these physiological transformations. The purpose of present study was to investigate the developmental changes in male pharyngeal airway from adolescence to adulthood.
METHODS
Lateral cephalograms of 192 males were obtained and divided into 5 groups: early adolescence (age 10-13 years), middle adolescence (age 14-17 years), late adolescence (age 18-21 years), early adulthood (age 22-30 years), and middle adulthood (ages 31-50 years). The dimensions of pharyngeal airway spaces and the related anatomical structures were investigated. The one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis were employed for statistical analysis.
CONCLUSION
During middle adolescence, the pharyngeal airway seems to be nearly completed in males. A significant negative correlation was found between the ANB angle and SPS, TPS, and EPS values.
PubMed: 38957934
DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2024.2098 -
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Jul 2024Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition and vortioxetine offers promising antidepressant effects due to its unique pharmacological profile....
AIM
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition and vortioxetine offers promising antidepressant effects due to its unique pharmacological profile. However, the dose-response relationships of vortioxetine for MDD is not well established. We aimed to conduct dose-response meta-analyses to fill this gap.
METHODS
We systematically searched multiple electronic databases for randomized controlled trials of vortioxetine for MDD, with the last search conducted on 08 February, 2024. The dose-response relationship was evaluated using a one-stage random-effects dose-response meta-analysis with restricted cubic spline model. The primary outcome was efficacy (mean change in depression scale score), with secondary outcomes including response, dropout for any reasons (acceptability), dropout for adverse events (tolerability), and any adverse events (safety).
RESULTS
The dose-response meta-analysis comprised 16 studies, with 4,294 participants allocated to the vortioxetine group and 2,299 participants allocated to the placebo group. The estimated 50% effective dose was 4.37 mg/day, and the near-maximal effective dose (95% effective dose) was 17.93 mg/day. Visual inspection of the dose-efficacy curve suggests that a plateau possibly had not been reached yet at 20 mg/day. Acceptability, tolerability and safety decreased as the dose increased. Subgroup analysis indicated that no significant differences were observed in acceptability, tolerability and safety among the dosage groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Vortioxetine may potentially provide additional therapeutic benefits when exceeding the current licensed dosage without significantly impacting safety. Conducting clinical trials exceeding the current approved dosage appears necessary to fully comprehend its efficacy and risk.
PubMed: 38957929
DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13709 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jul 2024This study investigated the mechanism underlying the flavor improvement observed during fermentation of a pea protein-based beverage using NCC533. A combination of...
This study investigated the mechanism underlying the flavor improvement observed during fermentation of a pea protein-based beverage using NCC533. A combination of sensomics and sensoproteomics approach revealed that the fermentation process enriched or generated well-known basic taste ingredients, such as amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids, and dipeptides, besides six new taste-active peptide sequences that enhance kokumi and umami notes. The six new umami and kokumi enhancing peptides, with human recognition thresholds ranging from 0.046 to 0.555 mM, are produced through the degradation of 's storage protein. Our findings suggest that compounds derived from fermentation enhance umami and kokumi sensations and reduce bitterness, thus improving the overall flavor perception of pea proteins. In addition, the analysis of intraspecific variations in the proteolytic activity of and the genome-peptidome correlation analysis performed in this study point at cell-wall-bound proteinases such as PrtP and PrtM as the key genes necessary to initiate the flavor improving proteolytic cascade. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the flavor improvement of pea protein during fermentation and identifies potential future research directions. The results highlight the importance of combining fermentation and senso(proteo)mics techniques in developing tastier and more palatable plant-based protein products.
PubMed: 38957928
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02317 -
Bioanalysis Jul 2024Endogenous interferents can cause nonselectivity in ligand binding pharmacokinetic assays, leading to inaccurate quantification of drug concentrations. We describe the...
Endogenous interferents can cause nonselectivity in ligand binding pharmacokinetic assays, leading to inaccurate quantification of drug concentrations. We describe the development of a Gyrolab immunoassay to quantify a new modality, CB307 and discuss strategies implemented to overcome matrix effects and achieve selectivity at the desired sensitivity. Matrix effects were mitigated using strategies including increasing minimum required dilution (MRD) and lower limit of quantification, optimization of antibody orientation, assay buffer and solid phase. The strategies described resulted in a selective method for CB307 in disease state matrix that met bioanalytical method validation (BMV) guidance and is currently used to support clinical pharmacokinetic sample analysis in the first-in-human POTENTIA clinical study (NCT04839991) as a secondary clinical end point.
PubMed: 38957926
DOI: 10.1080/17576180.2024.2365545 -
Nursing Open Jul 2024To explore the assumptions and values that influence nursing health assessment practices among registered general nurses in general medical and surgical wards.
AIM
To explore the assumptions and values that influence nursing health assessment practices among registered general nurses in general medical and surgical wards.
DESIGN
The study was designed as a focused ethnography.
METHODS
A semi-structured interview guide was used to explore prevailing nursing health assessment practices of 13 registered general nurses in an attempt to explore the assumptions and values influencing health assessment practices in the study setting. Data were analysed inductively using an interpretive qualitative content analysis method.
RESULTS
Nursing health assessment practices, and underlying assumptions and values were underpinned by a central theme of a culture of low expectation relating to nursing health assessment. The culture of low expectation was highlighted in five themes: (1) Unsystematic Assessment of Health Status, (2) Purpose of Nursing Health Assessment, (3) The Role of Nursing Educational and Regulatory Institutions, (4) Ward Ethos and (5) The Role of Organizational and Ward Leadership.
IMPLICATION
The adoption of a holistic nursing health assessment framework with a clearly defined purpose of aiding nursing diagnoses can guide patient-centred care delivery and facilitate early recognition of physiological deterioration.
PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
Thirteen registered general nurses were interviewed, and the initial findings returned to them for validation.
CONCLUSION
The potential contribution of nursing health assessment to nursing practice and patient outcomes may not be fully realized if nursing health assessment is not situated within a holistic health assessment model with a clearly defined purpose for nursing practice.
Topics: Humans; Anthropology, Cultural; Qualitative Research; Tertiary Care Centers; Nursing Assessment; Female; Adult; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Male; Interviews as Topic; Nurses; Attitude of Health Personnel; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38957916
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2237 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... Apr 2024Dental caries results from an ecologic shift within the dental biofilm from a balanced population of microorganisms to an acidogenic, aciduric, and cariogenic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
INTRODUCTION
Dental caries results from an ecologic shift within the dental biofilm from a balanced population of microorganisms to an acidogenic, aciduric, and cariogenic microbiological population developed and maintained by frequent consumption of fermentable dietary carbohydrates. Total caries removal (TCR) of deep lesion may result in pulpal exposure requiring more invasive treatment. Hence, current pediatric dentistry has shifted to minimally invasive treatment that avoids more complex, time-consuming procedure, and the child's discomfort.
AIM
The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare clinical performance and radiographic changes after complete and incomplete caries removal procedures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was conducted on 60 primary molars in children aged 6-9 years. Selected 60 primary molars were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (PCR): infected dentin was removed, while the affected dentin was maintained on the pulpal wall. Group 2 (TCR): both infected and affected dentin were removed through low-speed carbide bur and hand excavator. Teeth were evaluated at 4 and 6 months clinically and radiographically.
RESULTS
The proportion was compared using Fisher's exact test. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21 was used for analysis. The level of significance was kept at 5%.
CONCLUSION
The clinical and radiographic success rates of ICR and CCR in primary teeth with deep carious lesions were high and did not differ significantly, indicating that the retention of carious dentin does not interfere with pulp vitality. Thus, ICR is a reliable minimally invasive approach that might replace the CCR in primary teeth when correctly indicated.
Topics: Humans; Tooth, Deciduous; Dental Caries; Child; Molar; Dental Pulp; Male; Female; Dental Cavity Preparation; Dentin
PubMed: 38957913
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_116_24 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... Apr 2024For successfully managing pediatric dental patients, local anesthesia is essential to eliminate pain during or after the operative period. An early recovery from... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
CONTEXT
For successfully managing pediatric dental patients, local anesthesia is essential to eliminate pain during or after the operative period. An early recovery from soft-tissue anesthesia after an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) should benefit a young child patient by avoiding the risk of inadvertently biting the soft tissues.
AIMS
Hence, the purpose of the study was to (1) evaluate and compare the efficacy of pre- and postoperative ibuprofen on pain perception in children who undergo IANB anesthesia with or without the use of PM and (2) evaluate the average time required for reversal of anesthesia symptoms using phentolamine mesylate.
METHODS
The present study was a randomized, clinical trial performed among 60 children between 6 and 8 years of age using a convenient sampling method. The children were randomly assigned into four equal groups of 15 each using the computer-generated randomization sequence. IANB anesthesia was performed using 2% lignocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, and a mandibular primary molar pulpotomy was performed on each group. Group 1: the ibuprofen tablet was taken 1 h before the onset of the procedure. Group 2: ibuprofen tablet 30 min after the pulpotomy procedure. Group 3: the ibuprofen tablet was taken 1 h before the onset of the procedure, and the Phentolamine mesylate (PM) injection was administered. Group 4: immediately after the pulpotomy, the PM injection was administered, and an ibuprofen tablet was taken 30 min after the pulpotomy procedure. All children were assessed for the duration of soft-tissue anesthesia, their behavior scores and pain rating, as well as the incidence of postoperative self-inflicted injuries.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
A one-way ANOVA was used to compare the average time needed for the reversal of anesthetic symptoms between groups. The effects of phentolamine, local anesthetics, and ibuprofen on the child's behavior and pain scores were compared using the Student's t-test. For the study, P < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.
RESULTS
The time needed for the full reversal of anesthetic symptoms to manifest on the tongue and lip was substantially reduced by the injection of phentolamine (P < 0.001). The use of phentolamine for reversal or the intake of ibuprofen pre- or postoperatively did not exhibit any significant variation in the behavior, pain experience, or incidence of self-inflicted injuries in the child.
CONCLUSION
It is evident that although phentolamine injections shorten the duration of anesthesia, the adjunctive use of pre- or postoperative ibuprofen did not significantly alter pain scores.
Topics: Humans; Phentolamine; Child; Ibuprofen; Nerve Block; Anesthesia, Dental; Female; Male; Mandibular Nerve; Anesthetics, Local; Pain Perception; Pain, Postoperative; Pulpotomy; Lidocaine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Pain Measurement
PubMed: 38957911
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_119_24 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... Apr 2024In the 21st century, we are surrounded by plastic, disposal of which has a detrimental effect on the environment. Around 700 million plastic toothbrushes are sold which... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
In the 21st century, we are surrounded by plastic, disposal of which has a detrimental effect on the environment. Around 700 million plastic toothbrushes are sold which contributes to a large portion of plastic waste. To aid in the restoration of the environment, there is a need to replace plastic toothbrushes with recyclable toothbrushes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the plaque removal efficacy of biodegradable toothbrushes and nonbiodegradable toothbrushes in children 8-10 years of age.
METHODOLOGY
Ninety children 8-10 years old from school were included in the study. Toothbrush types to groups A (nonbiodegradable toothbrush, Colgate® Palmolive India Ltd.), B (Biodegradable toothbrush, Bamboo India), and C (Biodegradable toothbrush, Palette™ India) were randomly allocated and plaque score was evaluated using plaque disclosing agent and Turesky Modification of Quigley Hein Index at day 1, 7, and 14. The data were analyzed using unpaired "t" and analysis of variance to find the significance of study parameters between the groups and paired t-test was used to find the significance of study parameters within the group (pre- and postbrushing).
RESULTS
The comparison of plaque scores pre- and postbrushing in all groups manifested reduction from day 1 to 14. However, Group B showed a significant reduction of plaque on day 14 with a difference of 0.50 which is statistically significant with a P < 0.001.
CONCLUSION
According to the results, it can be concluded that a biodegradable toothbrush has adequate plaque removal efficacy. Therefore, the use of biodegradable toothbrushes can be recommended which will reduce nonbiodegradable waste.
Topics: Humans; Toothbrushing; Child; Dental Plaque; Female; Male; Dental Plaque Index; Equipment Design
PubMed: 38957908
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_61_24 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... Apr 2024The escalating concern over Internet gaming disorder (IGD) among children underscores the urgency of comprehending its determinants and links to mental health,...
BACKGROUND
The escalating concern over Internet gaming disorder (IGD) among children underscores the urgency of comprehending its determinants and links to mental health, particularly for interventions targeting school-aged children.
AIM
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of IGD and its association with depression, anxiety, and behavior among 8-12-year-old children attending private schools in Salem city.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
A cross-sectional study involving 780 children aged 8-12 years from Salem district was conducted. Schools were randomly sampled, and data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data were gathered from children without genetic, systemic, or mental disorders and brain trauma. The questionnaire, adapted from Alhamoud M A et al. (2022), encompassed sections on sociodemographic characteristics, gaming behavior, and scales for assessing IGD, depression, and anxiety. Administration occurred during school hours with a 30-35 min completion time.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Data analysis utilized SPSS v23.0, including descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Chi-square tests for intergroup comparisons, and Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine associations.
RESULTS
The prevalence of IGD in Salem district was 1.2%, with higher rates of anxiety and depression observed among older children, particularly males.
CONCLUSIONS
A positive correlation was evident between IGD, anxiety, and depression. Urgent preventive measures have to be warranted to curb the rising trend of IGD, such as limiting screen time and promoting outdoor activities to enhance children's overall health.
Topics: Humans; Child; India; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevalence; Female; Depression; Internet Addiction Disorder; Anxiety; Surveys and Questionnaires; Schools; Video Games; Behavior, Addictive
PubMed: 38957906
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_27_24 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... Apr 2024The evaluation of tonsil size, Friedman Tongue Position (FTP), and Friedman staging in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) holds significant clinical importance,... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Interexaminer agreement among pediatric dental specialists in assessment of tonsil size, Friedman tongue position, and Friedman staging of obstructive sleep apnea in children: An observational study.
BACKGROUND
The evaluation of tonsil size, Friedman Tongue Position (FTP), and Friedman staging in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) holds significant clinical importance, offering manifold advantages in diagnosis and surgical management.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess the reliability of pediatric OSA evaluation by determining inter-examiner agreement among pediatric dental specialists.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Conducted at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science and Research Hospital (2023-2024), this observational study utilized conventional consulting rooms, headlights, and examination chairs. Thirteen medical practitioners reviewed video recordings of the oropharyngeal regions of twelve pediatric patients exhibiting mouth breathing. Friedman staging was determined based on tonsil size and tongue position gradings.Inter-examiner agreement was evaluated using Fleiss kappa analysis.
RESULTS
Observers, including residents and practitioners in pediatric dentistry, demonstrated poor agreement regarding FTP and tonsil grading.
CONCLUSION
Understanding the nuances of tonsil size and FTP in pediatric OSA evaluation, along with identifying avenues for refinement, can enhance medical decision-making among healthcare providers, including pediatric dentists.
Topics: Humans; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Palatine Tonsil; Child; Pediatric Dentistry; Male; Observer Variation; Tongue; Female; Reproducibility of Results; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38957905
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_85_24