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The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024Antibiotics are extensively utilized in aquaculture to mitigate diseases and augment the productivity of aquatic commodities. However, to date, there have been no...
Antibiotics are extensively utilized in aquaculture to mitigate diseases and augment the productivity of aquatic commodities. However, to date, there have been no reports on the presence and associated risks of antibiotics in the emergent rice-crayfish rotation (RCR) system. This study investigated the occurrence, temporal dynamics, prioritization, sources, and potential for resistance development of 15 antibiotics within the RCR ecosystem. The findings revealed that during the crayfish breeding and rice planting periods, florfenicol (FFC) predominated in the RCR's surface water, with peak and average concentrations of 1219.70 ng/L and 57.43 ng/L, and 1280.70 ng/L and 52.60 ng/L, respectively. Meanwhile, enrofloxacin (ENX) was the primary antibiotic detected in RCR soil and its maximum and average concentrations were 624.73 ng/L and 69.02 ng/L in the crayfish breeding period, and 871.27 ng/L and 45.89 ng/L in the rice planting period. Throughout the adjustment period, antibiotic concentrations remained relatively stable in both phases. Notably, antibiotic levels in surface water and soil escalated during the crayfish breeding period and subsided during the rice planting period, with these fluctuations predominantly influenced by FFC and ENX. Source analysis indicated that the antibiotics in RCR predominantly originated from aquaculture activities, supplemented by water exchange processes. Utilizing the entropy utility function and a resistance development model, FFC, clarithromycin (CLR), and roxithromycin (ROX) in surface water, along with ENX, CLR, and ROX in soil, were identified as priority antibiotics. FFC, ENX, and ROX exhibited a medium risk for resistance development. Consequently, this study underscores the necessity to intensify antibiotic usage control during the crayfish breeding period in the RCR system to mitigate environmental risks.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Oryza; Astacoidea; Aquaculture; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 38636854
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172540 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials May 2024Imidacloprid enters the water environment through rainfall and causes harm to aquatic crustaceans. However, the potential chronic toxicity mechanism of imidacloprid in...
Imidacloprid enters the water environment through rainfall and causes harm to aquatic crustaceans. However, the potential chronic toxicity mechanism of imidacloprid in crayfish has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) were exposed to 11.76, 35.27, or 88.17 μg/L imidacloprid for 30 days, and changes in the physiology and biochemistry, gut microbiota, and transcriptome of C. quadricarinatus and the interaction between imidacloprid, gut microbiota, and genes were studied. Imidacloprid induced oxidative stress and decreased growth performance in crayfish. Imidacloprid exposure caused hepatopancreas damage and decreased serum immune enzyme activity. Hepatopancreatic and plasma acetylcholine decreased significantly in the 88.17 μg/L group. Imidacloprid reduced the diversity of the intestinal flora, increased the abundance of harmful flora, and disrupted the microbiota function. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the number of up-and-down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) increased significantly with increasing concentrations of imidacloprid. DEG enrichment analyses indicated that imidacloprid inhibits neurotransmitter transduction and immune responses and disrupts energy metabolic processes. Crayfish could alleviate imidacloprid stress by regulating antioxidant and detoxification-related genes. A high correlation was revealed between GST, HSPA1s, and HSP90 and the composition of gut microorganisms in crayfish under imidacloprid stress. This study highlights the negative effects and provides detailed sequencing data from transcriptome and gut microbiota to enhance our understanding of the molecular toxicity of imidacloprid in crustaceans.
Topics: Animals; Neonicotinoids; Astacoidea; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Nitro Compounds; Transcriptome; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Insecticides; Oxidative Stress; Hepatopancreas
PubMed: 38615646
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134293 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Integrated rice-fish farming has emerged as a novel agricultural production pattern to address global food security challenges. Aiming to determine the optimal,...
Integrated rice-fish farming has emerged as a novel agricultural production pattern to address global food security challenges. Aiming to determine the optimal, scientifically sound, and sustainable stocking density of red claw crayfish () in an integrated rice-crayfish farming system, we employed Illumina high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to evaluate the impact of different stocking densities of red claw crayfish on the composition, diversity, function, and co-occurrence network patterns of soil bacterial communities. The high stocking density of red claw crayfish reduced the diversity and evenness of the soil bacterial community during the mid-culture stage. , , and emerged as the most prevalent phyla throughout the experimental period. Low stocking densities initially boosted the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the paddy soil, while high densities did so during the middle and final stages. There were 90 distinct functional groups identified across all the paddy soil samples, with chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy being the most abundant. Low stocking densities initially favored these functional groups, whereas high densities enhanced their relative abundances in the later stages of cultivation. Medium stocking density of red claw crayfish led to a more complex bacterial community during the mid- and final culture stages. The experimental period showed significant correlations with soil bacterial communities, with total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations emerging as primary factors contributing to the alterations in soil bacterial communities. In summary, our findings demonstrated that integrated rice-crayfish farming significantly impacted the soil microbiomes and environmental factors at varying stocking densities. Our study contributed to theoretical insights into the profound impact of integrated rice-crayfish farming with various stocking densities on bacterial communities in paddy soils.
Topics: Animals; Soil; Astacoidea; Oryza; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Agriculture; Actinobacteria; Microbiota
PubMed: 38612595
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073786 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology May 2024Serine protease inhibitors Kazal type (SPINKs) function in physiological and immunological processes across multicellular organisms. In the present study, we identified...
Serine protease inhibitors Kazal type (SPINKs) function in physiological and immunological processes across multicellular organisms. In the present study, we identified a SPINK gene, designated as CqSPINK, in the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, which is the ortholog of human SPINK5. The deduced CqSPINK contains two Kazal domains consisting of 45 amino acid residues with a typical signature motif C-X-C-X-PVCG-X-Y-X-C-X-C-X-C. Each Kazal domain contains six conserved cysteine residues forming three pairs of disulfide bonds, segmenting the structure into three rings. Phylogenetic analysis revealed CqSPINK as a homolog of human SPINK5. CqSPINK expression was detected exclusively in hepatopancreas and epithelium, with rapid up-regulation in hepatopancreas upon Vibrio parahaemolyticus E1 challenge. Recombinant CqSPINK protein (rCqSPINK) was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and purified for further study. Proteinase inhibition assays demonstrated that rCqSPINK could potently inhibit proteinase K and subtilisin A, weakly inhibit α-chymotrypsin and elastase, but extremely weak inhibit trypsin. Furthermore, CqSPINK inhibited bacterial secretory proteinase activity from Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, and inhibited B. subtilis growth. These findings suggest CqSPINK's involvement in antibacterial immunity through direct inhibition of bacterial proteases, contributing to resistance against pathogen invasion.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; Astacoidea; Phylogeny; Escherichia coli; Recombinant Proteins; Bacteria
PubMed: 38537926
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109525 -
Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam,... May 2024Low pH (LpH) poses a significant challenge to the health, immune response, and growth of aquatic animals worldwide. Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is a globally farmed...
Low pH (LpH) poses a significant challenge to the health, immune response, and growth of aquatic animals worldwide. Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is a globally farmed freshwater species with a remarkable adaptability to various environmental stressors. However, the effects of LpH stress on the microbiota and host metabolism in crayfish intestines remain poorly understood. In this study, integrated analyses of antioxidant enzyme activity, histopathological damage, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were performed to investigate the physiology, histopathology, microbiota, and metabolite changes in crayfish intestines exposed to LpH treatment. The results showed that LpH stress induced obvious changes in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and histopathological alterations in crayfish intestines. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that exposure to LpH caused significant alterations in the diversity and composition of the crayfish intestinal microbiota at the phylum and genus levels. At the genus level, 14 genera including Bacilloplasma, Citrobacter, Shewanella, Vibrio, RsaHf231, Erysipelatoclostridium, Anaerorhabdus, Dysgonomonas, Flavobacterium, Tyzzerella, Brachymonas, Muribaculaceae, Propionivibrio, and Comamonas, exhibited significant differences in their relative abundances. The LC-MS analysis revealed 859 differentially expressed metabolites in crayfish intestines in response to LpH, including 363 and 496 upregulated and downregulated metabolites, respectively. These identified metabolites exhibited significant enrichment in 24 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways (p < 0.05), including seven and 17 upregulated and downregulated pathways, respectively. These pathways are mainly associated with energy and amino acid metabolism. Correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between the metabolites and intestinal microbiota of crayfish during LpH treatment. These findings suggest that LpH may induce significant oxidative stress, intestinal tissue damage, disruption of intestinal microbiota homeostasis, and alterations in the metabolism in crayfish. These findings provide valuable insights into how the microbial and metabolic processes of crayfish intestines respond to LpH stress.
Topics: Animals; Astacoidea; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Microbiota; Antioxidants; Metabolome; Bacteroidetes; Homeostasis; Intestines; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 38503037
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106903 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Apr 2024This study aims to investigate the metal content, fatty acid composition, lipid quality, and potential health risks of Pontastacus leptodactylus crayfish inhabiting...
This study aims to investigate the metal content, fatty acid composition, lipid quality, and potential health risks of Pontastacus leptodactylus crayfish inhabiting Atikhisar Dam Lake. The research covers a 12-month period and includes both male and female individuals. The study investigated the metal content of crayfish specimens. In female individuals, the metal concentrations were ranked as Fe > Zn > Al > Cu > Mn > Se > As > Hg > Cd > Pb, while in male individuals, the ranking was Fe > Al > Zn > Cu > Mn > Se > As > Hg > Pb > Cd. The results demonstrate that Atherogenicity Index (AI) values for both genders range between 0.21 and 0.31, and Thrombogenicity Index (TI) values fall within 0.14 and 0.20. This indicates that crayfish meat is composed of healthy and high-quality fatty acids. In male individuals, omega-3 values range from 25.28 ± 0.380% to 28.34 ± 0.430%, and in female individuals, they vary from 22.98 ± 0.195% to 28.73 ± 0.871%. These findings underscore the absence of significant health risks associated with mercury levels in crayfish meat. Monthly meal calculations reveal that consuming female crayfish at an average of 4.35 servings per month for adults and 2.24 servings per month for children presents no health hazards. Similarly, the consumption of crayfish meat at an average of 5.29 servings per month for adult males and 2.72 servings per month for male children is deemed safe for health. Based on these results, the lipid quality of both male and female individuals from this species is found to be beneficial, as confirmed by risk-benefit assessments.
Topics: Animals; Astacoidea; Lakes; Fatty Acids; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Lipids; Metals; Male; Environmental Monitoring; Female
PubMed: 38499927
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32858-1 -
Zootaxa Jan 2024The questionable status of Branchiobdella tetrodonta Pierantoni, 1906 is resolved and the species is transferred to the correct genus. The original description was made...
The questionable status of Branchiobdella tetrodonta Pierantoni, 1906 is resolved and the species is transferred to the correct genus. The original description was made from specimens removed from signal crayfish collected in California, USA, unfortunately, Pierantoni (1906c) did not designate any type specimens nor where the preparations were deposited; they are now presumed lost. Holt (1967) believed B. tetrodonta possessed unique penial hooks and a chitinous sheath which was due to his mistranslation of the original Italian description. As a result, Sathodrilus attenuatus Holt, 1981, was described even though specimens came from the same area and host and possessed very similar jaw characteristics to B. tetrodonta. In addition, the jaw characteristics of both endemic species are unique in the Pacific Ocean drainage of the USA. A reassessment of the literature and re-examination of Holts type specimens has resulted in the species name becoming a new combination, Sathodrilus tetrodonta (Pierantoni, 1906), with Sathodrilus attenuatus Holt, 1981, as its junior synonym.
Topics: Animals; Annelida; Leeches; Astacoidea
PubMed: 38480449
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.9 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology May 2024Prohibitins (PHBs) are ubiquitously expressed conserved proteins in eukaryotes that are associated with apoptosis, cancer formation, aging, stress responses and cell...
Prohibitins (PHBs) are ubiquitously expressed conserved proteins in eukaryotes that are associated with apoptosis, cancer formation, aging, stress responses and cell proliferation. However, the function of the PHBs in immune regulation has largely not been determined. In the present study, we identified PHB2 in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. PHB2 was found to be widely distributed in several tissues, and its expression was significantly upregulated by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge. PHB2 significantly reduced the amount of WSSV in crayfish and the mortality of WSSV-infected crayfish. Here, we observed that PHB2 promotes the nuclear translocation of STAT by binding to STAT. After blocking PHB2 or STAT with antibodies or interfering with PHB2 or STAT, the expression levels of the antiviral genes β-thymosin (PcThy-4) and crustin2 (Cru2) decreased. The gene sequence of PHB2 was analyzed and found to contain a nuclear introgression sequence (NIS). After in vivo injection of PHB2 with deletion of NIS (rΔNIS-PHB2), the nuclear translocation of STAT did not change significantly compared to that in the control group. These results suggest that PHB2 promoted the nuclear translocation of STAT through NIS and mediated the expression of antiviral proteins to inhibit WSSV infection.
Topics: Animals; White spot syndrome virus 1; Astacoidea; Seafood; Thymosin; Antiviral Agents
PubMed: 38479567
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109503 -
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination... Mar 2024Crayfish rely on their chemosensory system for many essential behaviours including finding food, finding mates, and to recognize individuals. Copper can impair...
Crayfish rely on their chemosensory system for many essential behaviours including finding food, finding mates, and to recognize individuals. Copper can impair chemosensation in crayfish at low concentrations; however, it is not clear if the effect is ameliorated once copper is removed. To better understand the effect of and recovery from copper exposure in crayfish, we exposed Northern clearwater crayfish (Faxonius propinquus) to 31.3 [Formula: see text] copper for 24 h and measured the response of the crayfish to a food cue. The crayfish were then placed into clean water to depurate for an 24 h. The results demonstrated that the crayfish did not respond to a food cue if they had been exposed to copper, but showed a full response after a 24 h recovery period without copper. Higher concentrations of copper have shown a much longer-term effect in rusty crayfish (Faxonius rustics), indicating there is a concentration where the copper is causing longer-term damage instead of just impairing chemosensation. These results highlight the fact that even though contaminants like copper can have profound effects at low concentrations, by removing the contaminants the effect can be ameliorated.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Copper; Astacoidea; Seafood; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water
PubMed: 38429565
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03863-4 -
Acta Biomaterialia Apr 2024The SLC20A2 transporter supplies phosphate ions (P) for diverse biological functions in vertebrates, yet has not been studied in crustaceans. Unlike vertebrates, whose...
The SLC20A2 transporter supplies phosphate ions (P) for diverse biological functions in vertebrates, yet has not been studied in crustaceans. Unlike vertebrates, whose skeletons are mineralized mainly by calcium phosphate, only minute amounts of P are found in the CaCO-mineralized exoskeletons of invertebrates. In this study, a crustacean SLC20A2 transporter was discovered and P transport to exoskeletal elements was studied with respect to the role of P in invertebrate exoskeleton biomineralization, revealing an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for P transport in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Freshwater crayfish, including the study animal Cherax quadricarinatus, require repeated molt cycles for their growth. During the molt cycle, crayfish form transient exoskeletal mineral storage organs named gastroliths, which mostly contain amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), an unstable polymorph long-thought to be stabilized by P. RNA interference experiments via CqSLC20A2 dsRNA injections reduced P content in C. quadricarinatus gastroliths, resulting in increased calcium carbonate (CaCO) crystallinity and grain size. The discovery of a SLC20A2 transporter in crustaceans and the demonstration that knocking down its mRNA reduced P content in exoskeletal elements offers the first direct proof of a long-hypothesized mechanism by which P affects CaCO biomineralization in the crustacean exoskeleton. This research thus demonstrated the distinct role of P as an amorphous mineral polymorph stabilizer in vivo, suggesting further avenues for amorphous biomaterial studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: • Crustaceans exoskeletons are hardened mainly by CaCO, with P in minute amounts • P was hypothesized to stabilize exoskeletal amorphous mineral forms in vivo • For the first time, transport protein for P was discovered in crayfish • Transport knock-down resulted in exoskeletal CaCO3 crystallization and reduced P.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Carbonate; Biomineralization; Minerals; Astacoidea; RNA Interference
PubMed: 38428510
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.035