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Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke... Sep 2023To investigate the characteristics of nasal flora and the pathogenic role of differential microbiome in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis...
To investigate the characteristics of nasal flora and the pathogenic role of differential microbiome in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (nAR). Thirty-five patients with AR who attended the rhinology outpatient clinic of the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University from February to July 2022 were selected. A total of 35 nAR patients were selected as the test group, and 20 cases of healthy people with physical examination at the same period were selected as the control group, including 39 males and 51 females, aged 8 to 55 years. 16SrDNA High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the relative abundance from nasal flora in the three groups of subjects. Alpha diversity index analysis was conducted with R software, and differences between groups were analyzed with LEfSe, Metastats, and tests. At the same time, the role of microbiome and its relationship with environmental factors were analyzed with R software. There was a significant difference in the bacterial composition of the samples from the three groups, with the relative abundance of Staphylococcus aureus (=0.032) and Corynebacterium proinquum (=0.032) within the AR group being significantly higher than that of the nAR group, and that of Lactobacillus murinus, Lactobacillus kunkeei, and Alcaligenes faecalis ( value was 0.016, 0.005, and 0.001, respectively) being significantly lower than that of the nAR group. The relative abundance of Ackermannia muciniphila within the nAR group was higher than that of the control group (=0.009). Correlation analysis of environmental factors showed a negative correlation between Lactobacillus kunkeei and IgE (=0.044), and a positive correlation between Lactobacillus murinus and age (=0.019). AR and nAR random forest prediction models were constructed for the five genera, respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the models of Streptococcus-SP-FF10, Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea, Pseudomonas parafulva, Acinetobacter ursingii, and Azotobacter chroococcum in the AR group was 100% (95%CI: 100% to 100%). The AUC for the Pseudomonas parafulva, Azotobacter chroococcum, Closoridium baratii, Turicibacter-SP-H121, and Streptococcus lutetiensis models in the nAR group was 98.4% (95%CI: 94.9% to 100%). The distribution of nasal flora in AR patients, nAR patients and healthy subjects is significantly different, and the changes of bacterial flora abundance are significantly related to the occurrence of AR and nAR. Combined detection of microbiota has the potential to diagnose AR and nAR patients.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 37675527
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20221012-00605 -
The Science of the Total Environment Nov 2023To sustainably feed the growing global population, it is essential to increase crop yields on limited land while reducing the use of fertilizers and agrochemicals. The...
To sustainably feed the growing global population, it is essential to increase crop yields on limited land while reducing the use of fertilizers and agrochemicals. The rhizosphere regulation shows significant potential to address this challenge. Here, foliar applied doping of nitrogen in carbon dots (N-CDs) entered maize leaves, and were transported to the stems and roots. The internalized N-CDs significantly increased the biomass (26.4-93.8%) and photosynthesis (17.0-20.3 %) of maize seedling during the three-week application of N-CDs, providing the substrate for tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) in shoots and roots. Correspondingly, more organic acids involved in TCA cycle, such as citric acid (14.0-fold), succinic acid (4.4-fold) and malic acid (3.4-fold), were synthesized and then secreted into rhizosphere after exposed to N-CDs for one day. As the exposure time increased, greater secretion of above organic acids by the roots was induced. However, no significant change was observed in the relative abundance of rhizobacteria after foliar application with N-CDs for one day. After one week, the relative abundances of Azotobacter, Bacillus, Lysobacter, Mucilaginibacter, and Sphingomonas increased by 0.8-3.8 folds. The relative abundance of more beneficial rhizobacteria (Sphingomonas, Lysobacter, Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Mucilaginibacter and Bacillus) enriched by 0.3-6.0 folds after two weeks, and Sphingomonas, Flavisolibacter and Bacillus improved by 0.6-3.2 folds after three weeks. These dynamic changes suggested that N-CDs initiate the synthesis and secretion of organic acids and then recruited beneficial rhizobacteria. The hierarchical partitioning analysis further indicated that N-CDs-induced secretion of organic acids from the roots was the main drivers of rhizobacteria community dynamics. The differential microbes altered by N-CDs were mainly involved in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles, which are beneficial for N and P uptake, and maize growth. These results provide insights into understanding the rhizosphere regulation of nanomaterials to improve plant productivity and nutrient-use efficiency.
PubMed: 37619720
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166500 -
PeerJ 2023The raising trend of cultivation of ()-transgenic cotton is faced with a new challenge what effects on the growth and yield of cotton under elevated CO.
BACKGROUND
The raising trend of cultivation of ()-transgenic cotton is faced with a new challenge what effects on the growth and yield of cotton under elevated CO.
METHODS
Rhizobacteria is the significant biological regulator to increase environmental suitability and ameliorate soil-nitrogen utilization efficiency of crops, especially cotton. Pot-culture experiments investigated the effects on the yield and fiber quality components of cotton (transgenic Line SCRC 37) inoculated with (AC) under elevated CO.
RESULTS
The findings indicated that the inoculation of azotobacter significantly improved the yield and fiber quality components of cotton, the elevated CO significantly increased the soil density of and the partial yield indexes (as cottonweightper 20 bolls, lint yield per 20 bolls and boll number per plant), and non-significant decrease the fiber quality components of cotton except uniform.
DISCUSSION
Overall results obviously depicted that the inoculation of azotobacter and the elevated CO had positive effects on the yield and fiber quality components of cotton. Presumably, azotobacter inoculation can be used to stimulate plant soil-nitrogen uptake and promote plant growth for cotton under elevated CO in the future.
Topics: Bacillus thuringiensis; Carbon Dioxide; Azotobacter; Soil; Gossypium; Nitrogen
PubMed: 37576495
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15811 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jul 2023NifL is a conformationally dynamic flavoprotein responsible for regulating the activity of the σ-dependent activator NifA to control the transcription of nitrogen...
NifL is a conformationally dynamic flavoprotein responsible for regulating the activity of the σ-dependent activator NifA to control the transcription of nitrogen fixation () genes in response to intracellular oxygen, cellular energy, or nitrogen availability. The NifL-NifA two-component system is the master regulatory system for nitrogen fixation. NifL serves as a sensory protein, undergoing signal-dependent conformational changes that modulate its interaction with NifA, forming the NifL-NifA complex, which inhibits NifA activity in conditions unsuitable for nitrogen fixation. While NifL-NifA regulation is well understood, these conformationally flexible proteins have eluded previous attempts at structure determination. In work described here, we advance a structural model of the NifL dimer supported by a combination of scattering techniques and mass spectrometry (MS)-coupled structural analyses that report on the average structure in solution. Using a combination of small angle X-ray scattering-derived electron density maps and MS-coupled surface labeling, we investigate the conformational dynamics responsible for NifL oxygen and energy responses. Our results reveal conformational differences in the structure of NifL under reduced and oxidized conditions that provide the basis for a model for modulating NifLA complex formation in the regulation of nitrogen fixation in response to oxygen in the model diazotroph, .
Topics: Transcription Factors; Bacterial Proteins; Nitrogen Fixation; Signal Transduction; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Nitrogen; Genes, Bacterial; Azotobacter vinelandii
PubMed: 37459513
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302732120 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Sep 2023Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an effective bioremediation technique to restructure the soil microbial community and eliminate soilborne phytopathogens. Yet we...
Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an effective bioremediation technique to restructure the soil microbial community and eliminate soilborne phytopathogens. Yet we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the keystone taxa involved and their roles in ecosystem functioning in degraded soils treated by RSD. In this study, the bacteriome network structure in RSD-treated soil and the subsequent cultivation process were explored. As a result, bacterial communities in RSD-treated soil developed more complex topologies and stable co-occurrence patterns. The richness and diversity of keystone taxa were higher in the RSD group (module hub: 0.57%; connector: 23.98%) than in the Control group (module hub: 0.16%; connector: 19.34%). The restoration of keystone taxa in RSD-treated soil was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with soil pH, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen. Moreover, a strong negative correlation (r = -0.712; P < 0.01) was found between keystone taxa richness and Fusarium abundance. Our results suggest that keystone taxa involved in the RSD network structure are capable of maintaining a flexible generalist mode of metabolism, namely with respect to nitrogen fixation, methylotrophy, and methanotrophy. Furthermore, distinct network modules composed by numerous anti-pathogen agents were formed in RSD-treated soil; i.e., the genera Hydrogenispora, Azotobacter, Sphingomonas, and Clostridium_8 under the soil treatment stage, and the genera Anaerolinea and Pseudarthrobacter under the plant cultivation stage. The study provides novel insights into the association between fungistasis and keystone or sensitive taxa in RSD-treated soil, with significant implications for comprehending the mechanisms of RSD. KEY POINTS: • RSD enhanced bacteriome network stability and restored keystone taxa. • Keystone taxa richness was negatively correlated with Fusarium abundance. • Distinct sensitive OTUs and modules were formed in RSD soil.
Topics: Soil; Bacteria; Microbiota; Fusarium; Firmicutes; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 37450017
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12676-0 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Sep 2023We report a rationally designed membrane-intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE), namely COE-IC, which endows aerobic N -fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii...
We report a rationally designed membrane-intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE), namely COE-IC, which endows aerobic N -fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii with a light-harvesting ability that enables photosynthetic ammonia production. COE-IC possesses an acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type conjugated core, which promotes visible light absorption with a high molar extinction coefficient. Furthermore, COE-IC spontaneously associates with A. vinelandii to form a biohybrid in which the COE is intercalated within the lipid bilayer membrane. In the presence of L-ascorbate as a sacrificial electron donor, the resulting COE-IC/A. vinelandii biohybrid showed a 2.4-fold increase in light-driven ammonia production, as compared to the control. Photoinduced enhancement of bacterial biomass and production of L-amino acids is also observed. Introduction of isotopically enriched N atmosphere led to the enrichment of N-containing intracellular metabolites, consistent with the products being generated from atmospheric N .
Topics: Nitrogen Fixation; Ammonia; Bacteria; Azotobacter vinelandii; Nitrogen
PubMed: 37438952
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307101 -
Environmental Research Oct 2023The objectives of this experiment were i) to study on the garbage composting to improve the soil organic carbon (SOC) pools (active and passive), ii) work out the carbon...
Industrial garbage-derived biocompost enhances soil organic carbon fractions, CO biosequestration, potential carbon credits and sustainability index in a rice-wheat ecosystem.
The objectives of this experiment were i) to study on the garbage composting to improve the soil organic carbon (SOC) pools (active and passive), ii) work out the carbon (C) budgeting, and iii) cut off C footprints (CFs) in the rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) farming to achieve the long-term sustainability. The main plots show four fertilizer levels (F0 = control, F1 = 112.5:45:45 kg nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium (NPK) ha, F2 = 150:60:60 kg NPK ha and F3 = 150:60:60 kg NPK ha+ 5 kg iron (Fe) + 5 kg zinc (Zn) were applied, while in sub plots with the combination of three industrial garbage (I1 = carpet garbage; I2 = pressmud; I3 = bagasse) and three microbial culture (M1 = Pleurotus sajor-caju, M2 = Azotobacter chroococcum; M3 = Trichoderma viride) made into nine treatment combinations were applied. Based on the interaction, treatment F3 × I1+M3 resulted in a maximum of 25.1 and 22.4 Mg ha total CO biosequestration by rice and wheat, respectively. However, it was cut off CFs by 29.9 and 22.2% more than F1 × I3+M1. Based on the soil C fractionation study, in the main plot treatment, F3 was active very labile C (VLC) and moderately labile C (MLC) and passive less labile C (LLC) and recalcitrant C (RC) SOC fractions contributed by 68.3 and 30.0%, respectively, of total SOC. However, in the sub plot, treatment I1+M3 found 68.2% and 29.8% active and passive SOC fractions, respectively, of total SOC. Regarding the soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) study, F3 had 37.7% higher than F0. However, in the sub plot, I1+M3 was seen to be 21.5% greater than I2+M1. Furthermore, wheat and rice had higher 1002 and 897 US$ ha potential C credit in F3 × I1+M3, respectively. SOC fractions were perfectly positively correlated with SMBC. A positive (+) correlation was observed among grain yield (wheat and rice) and SOC pools in soil. However, a negative correlation was found between the C sustainability index (CSI) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI). The variability in wheat and rice grain yield was 46 and 74%, respectively, contributed by the SOC pools. Therefore, this study hypothesised that applying inorganic nutrients and industrial garbage converted into biocompost cut off C emissions and reduced the demand for chemical fertilizers, opening garbage disposal, and simultaneously enhancing the SOC pools.
Topics: Soil; Triticum; Oryza; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Ecosystem; Agriculture; Fertilizers; Nitrogen
PubMed: 37429401
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116525 -
Journal of Environmental Management Nov 2023Soil salinization is a serious global environmental problem affecting sustainable development of agriculture. Legumes are excellent candidates for the phytoremediation...
Soil salinization is a serious global environmental problem affecting sustainable development of agriculture. Legumes are excellent candidates for the phytoremediation of saline soils; however, how soil microbes mediate the amelioration of coastal saline ecosystems is unknown. In this study, two salt-tolerant legumes, Glycine soja and Sesbania cannabina were planted in coastal saline soil for three years. Soil nutrient availability and microbiota structure (including bacteria, fungi, and diazotrophs) were compared between the phytoremediated soils and control soil (barren land). Planting legumes reduced soil salinity, and increased total carbon, total nitrogen, and NO-N contents. Among the soil microbiota, some nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., Azotobacter) were enriched in legumes, which were probably responsible for soil nitrogen accumulation. The complexity of the bacterial, fungal, and diazotrophic networks increased significantly from the control to the phytoremediated soils, suggesting that the soil microbial community formed closer ecological interactions during remediation. Furthermore, the dominant microbial functions were chemoheterotrophy (24.75%) and aerobic chemoheterotrophy (21.97%) involved in the carbon cycle, followed by nitrification (13.68%) and aerobic ammonia oxidation (13.34%) involved in the nitrogen cycle. Overall, our findings suggested that G. soja and S. cannabina legumes were suitable for ameliorating saline soils as they decreased soil salinity and increased soil nutrient content, with microorganisms especially nitrogen-fixing bacteria, playing an important role in this remediation process.
Topics: Soil; Fabaceae; Microbiota; Bacteria; Vegetables; Nitrogen; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 37423189
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118574 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023This work appraises the prospect of utilising groundnut shell hydrolysate as a feedstock used for PHB biosynthesis by Azotobacter chroococcum MTCC 3853 under SMF...
This work appraises the prospect of utilising groundnut shell hydrolysate as a feedstock used for PHB biosynthesis by Azotobacter chroococcum MTCC 3853 under SMF conditions. Sugar reduction: untreated and pretreated 20% HSO (39.46 g/l and 62.96 g/l, respectively), untreated and enzymatic hydrolysis (142.35 mg/g and 568.94 mg/g). The RSM-CCD optimization method was used to generate augment PHB biosynthesis from groundnut shell hydrolysate (30 g/l), ammonium sulphate (1.5 g/l), ammonium chloride (1.5 g/l), peptone (1.5 g/l), pH 7, 30 °C, and a 48 h incubation time. The most convincing factors (p < 0.0001), coefficient R values of biomass 0.9110 and PHB yield 0.9261, PHB production, highest biomass (17.23 g/l), PHB Yield(11.46 g/l), and 66.51 (wt% DCW) values were recorded. The control (untreated GN) PHB yield value of 2.86 g/l increased up to fourfold in pretreated GN. TGA results in a melting range in the peak perceived at 270.55 °C and a DSC peak range of 172.17 °C, correspondingly. According to the results, it furnishes an efficient agricultural waste executive approach by diminishing the production expenditure. It reinforces the production of PHB, thereby shrinking our reliance on fossil fuel-based plastics.
Topics: Polyesters; Hydroxybutyrates; Lignin
PubMed: 37400483
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15672-y -
International Journal of Biological... Aug 2023This study involved the extraction of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Azotobacter salinestris AZ-6, which was isolated from soil cultivated with leguminous plants. In a...
This study involved the extraction of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Azotobacter salinestris AZ-6, which was isolated from soil cultivated with leguminous plants. In a medium devoid of nitrogen, the AZ-6 strain displayed a maximum EPS yield of 1.1 g/l and the highest relative viscosity value of 3.4. The homogeneity of the polymer was demonstrated by the average molecular weight of 1.61 × 10 Da and a retention time of 17.211 min for levan. The presence of characteristic functional groups and structural units of carbohydrate polymers has been confirmed through spectroscopic analyses utilizing Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a noteworthy decrease in weight (74 %) in the temperature range spanning from 260 to 350 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was utilized to verify the crystalline and amorphous characteristics of EPS-AZ-6. The EPS-AZ-6 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 tumor cell line, as evidenced by an IC value of 6.39 ± 0.05 μg/ml. It also demonstrated a moderate degree of cytotoxicity towards HepG-2 cell line, as indicated by an IC value of 29.79 ± 0.41 μg/ml. EPS-AZ-6 exhibited potent antioxidant and in vitro antibacterial properties. These characteristics suggest the potential application value of EPS-AZ-6 in the food industry and pharmaceutical applications.
Topics: Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Azotobacter; Antioxidants; Molecular Weight; Polysaccharides, Bacterial
PubMed: 37390994
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125594