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Journal of Oleo Science Feb 2021This study aimed to compare the distribution of vitamin E analogs, particularly α-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol, in mice fed with a normal diet and a high-fat and...
This study aimed to compare the distribution of vitamin E analogs, particularly α-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol, in mice fed with a normal diet and a high-fat and high-sucrose diet separately. We used male C57BL/6JJcl strain mice, which were divided into six groups (control [C], Cα, Cδ, high-fat and high-sucrose [H], Hα, and Hδ groups) and bred for 4 weeks. The additional quantity of α-tocopherol or E-mix D (containing 86.7% δ-tocopherol) into diet was 800 mg/kg diet. The final body weight was significantly higher in the H group than in the C group. However, the effects of vitamin E analog intake had no significant difference, with no synergy between vitamin E and diet. Similar results were obtained in epididymal fat weight. Moreover, α-tocopherol was mainly distributed in the liver in both the Cα group and Hα group, whereas δ-tocopherol mostly accumulated in the epididymal fat, in both the Cδ group and Hδ group. Also, δ-tocopherol was detected in all tissues in both groups. Both the α-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol levels in the epididymal fat were significantly lower in the H group than in the C group. In conclusion, our results suggest that a portion of δ-tocopherol was incorporated into the adipose tissue by chylomicron before arriving at the liver, and then it is metabolized in the liver.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Chylomicrons; Diet, Carbohydrate Loading; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Sucrose; Liver; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Tocopherols; Vitamin E; alpha-Tocopherol; Mice
PubMed: 33456009
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20254 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2021The tocopherol contents of unripe and ripe avocado fruit oil extracted from Pinkerton, Hass and Fuerte varieties were determined after drying fruit using air, microwave...
The tocopherol contents of unripe and ripe avocado fruit oil extracted from Pinkerton, Hass and Fuerte varieties were determined after drying fruit using air, microwave or oven drying methods. The α-tocopherol content changed between 13.70 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) and 28.06 mg/100 g (air-dried) in oil from unripe Pinkerton fruit; between 14.86 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) and 88.12 mg/100 g (fresh) in oil from unripe Hass fruit and between 13.31 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) and 17.35 mg/100 g (oven-dried) in oil from unripe Fuerte fruit. The α-tocopherol contents in oil from ripe Fuerte fruit changed between 13.21 mg/100 g (fresh) and 17.61 mg/100 g (oven-dried). In addition, γ-tocopherol contents varied between 11.55 mg/100 g (air-dried) and 14.61 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) unripe "Pinkerton" fruit; between 11.52 mg/100 g (air-dried) and 15.01 mg/100 g (fresh) in unripe Hass fruit and between 12.17 mg/100 g (air-dried) and 15.27 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) unripe Fuerte fruit. The γ-tocopherol contents ranged from 12.71 mg/100 g (fresh) to 17.40 mg/100 g (oven-dried) in ripe Hass fruit; from 10.29 mg/100 g (fresh) and 17.20 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) ripe Fuerte fruit. α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols could not be detected in ripe fresh Pinkerton fruit. In general, β- and δ-tocopherol could not be detected in most of the unripe and ripe avocado fruit oils. α-Tocopherol and γ-tocopherol contents of dried ripe Fuerte fruit oils were found to be higher compared to those of dried unripe Fuerte fruits.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Desiccation; Fruit; Microwaves; Persea; Plant Oils; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Tocopherols
PubMed: 33431769
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20230 -
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu = Journal of Hygiene... Nov 2020Comparison and analysis of α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocopherol(T) and α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocotrienol(T3) in 44 species of seafood and aquatic products is under processed to...
OBJECTIVE
Comparison and analysis of α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocopherol(T) and α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocotrienol(T3) in 44 species of seafood and aquatic products is under processed to enrich the database of food composition in China and provide a scientific reference for dietary intake choice.
METHODS
Quantitative and correlation analysis of eight vitamin E isomers were based on external calibration method with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector, after hot saponification with alkaline and liquid-liquid extraction.
RESULTS
The content of α-tocopherol equivalent(α-TE) in seafood and aquatic products varied greatly(from 0. 10 to 4. 01 mg/100 g edible), as well as the isomer forms. Aspect of vitamin E forms in aquatic fish, detection rates of α-T and α-T3 were both 100%, while the rates of γ-T and γ-T3 were 31. 58% and 68. 42%, respectively. Aspect of vitamin E forms in sea fish, detection rates α-T3, γ-T and γ-T3 were 28. 57%, 28. 57% and 35. 71%, respectively, while the rate of α-T was 100%. The form of vitamin E isomers in fish was at some extent different when they raise up in wild and farming environment, whereas there was no significant different in content of isomers. For shrimp and crabs, the content of α-TE was also various(from 0. 31 to 14. 27 mg/100 g edible), whereas α-T was the primary vitamin E form. And the content of α-T in female crabs was a little higher than that in male crabs, without statistic difference. With respect to correlation analysis, there was a strong correlation between γ-T and α-T3 in sea fish, while weak correlation of isomers in aquatic fish and certain correlations of isomers in shrimp and crab.
CONCLUSION
The level of vitamin E content in seafood and aquatic products are quite different. Thus, it will bring in different effects on total activity and intake of vitamin E isomers by consumption of different species of seafood and aquatic products.
Topics: Animals; China; Female; Male; Seafood; Tocopherols; Tocotrienols; Vitamin E
PubMed: 33413777
DOI: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2020.06.020 -
Cells Dec 2020Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the gene. Acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency leads to abnormal glycogen...
Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the gene. Acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency leads to abnormal glycogen accumulation in patient cells. Given the increasing evidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in classic infantile Pompe disease, we used neural stem cells, differentiated from patient induced pluripotent stem cells, to model the neuronal phenotype of Pompe disease. These Pompe neural stem cells exhibited disease-related phenotypes including glycogen accumulation, increased lysosomal staining, and secondary lipid buildup. These morphological phenotypes in patient neural stem cells provided a tool for drug efficacy evaluation. Two potential therapeutic agents, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and δ-tocopherol, were tested along with recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase (rhGAA) in this cell-based Pompe model. Treatment with rhGAA reduced LysoTracker staining in Pompe neural stem cells, indicating reduced lysosome size. Additionally, treatment of diseased neural stem cells with the combination of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and δ-tocopherol significantly reduced the disease phenotypes. These results demonstrated patient-derived Pompe neural stem cells could be used as a model to study disease pathogenesis, to evaluate drug efficacy, and to screen compounds for drug discovery in the context of correcting CNS defects.
Topics: 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; Cell Line; Fibroblasts; Glycogen Storage Disease Type II; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Neural Stem Cells; alpha-Glucosidases; gamma-Tocopherol
PubMed: 33375166
DOI: 10.3390/cells10010008 -
Pediatric Research Aug 2021Perinatal inflammation adversely affects health. Therefore, aims of this IRB-approved study are: (1) compare inflammatory compounds within and between maternal and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Perinatal inflammation adversely affects health. Therefore, aims of this IRB-approved study are: (1) compare inflammatory compounds within and between maternal and umbilical cord blood samples at the time of delivery, (2) assess relationships between inflammatory compounds in maternal and cord blood with birth characteristics/outcomes, and (3) assess relationships between blood and placental fat-soluble nutrients with blood levels of individual inflammatory compounds.
METHODS
Mother-infant dyads were enrolled (n = 152) for collection of birth data and biological samples of maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, and placental tissue. Nutrient levels included: lutein + zeaxanthin; lycopene; α-, β-carotene; β-cryptoxanthin; retinol; α-, γ-, δ-tocopherol. Inflammatory compounds included: tumor necrosis factor-α, superoxide dismutase, interleukins (IL) 1β, 2, 6, 8, 10.
RESULTS
Median inflammatory compound levels were 1.2-2.3 times higher in cord vs. maternal blood, except IL2 (1.3 times lower). Multiple significant correlations existed between maternal vs. infant inflammatory compounds (range of r = 0.22-0.48). While relationships existed with blood nutrient levels, the most significant were identified in placenta where all nutrients (except δ-tocopherol) exhibited relationships with inflammatory compounds. Relationships between anti-inflammatory nutrients and proinflammatory compounds were primarily inverse.
CONCLUSION
Inflammation is strongly correlated between mother-infant dyads. Fat-soluble nutrients have relationships with inflammatory compounds, suggesting nutrition is a modifiable factor.
IMPACT
Mother and newborn inflammation status are strongly interrelated. Levels of fat-soluble nutrients in blood, but especially placenta, are associated with blood levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory compounds in both mother and newborn infant. As fat-soluble nutrient levels are associated with blood inflammatory compounds, nutrition is a modifiable factor to modulate inflammation and improve perinatal outcomes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Inflammation Mediators; Lipids; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutrients; Nutritional Status; Parturition; Placenta; Pregnancy; Solubility
PubMed: 33293682
DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01302-8 -
Food Technology and Biotechnology Sep 2020Utilization of wheat germ and wheat germ oil is limited due to high enzymatic activity and the presence of unsaturated fatty acids, which require stabilization...
RESEARCH BACKGROUND
Utilization of wheat germ and wheat germ oil is limited due to high enzymatic activity and the presence of unsaturated fatty acids, which require stabilization techniques to overcome this problem.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
In this study, the effects of stabilization methods (dry convective oven heating at 90 and 160 °C, microwave radiation at 180 and 360 W, and autoclave steaming) on both wheat germ and its oil were evaluated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Steaming caused the most dramatic changes in lipoxygenase activity, free fatty acid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and mass fractions of tocopherols and tocotrienols. Lower peroxide values were measured in the oil samples treated with convectional heating (160 °C) and steaming at temperatures above 100 °C. However, -anisidine values of samples treated at higher temperatures were considerably greater than those of samples stabilized at lower temperatures. Oven heating at 160 °C was also one of the most effective treatments, after steaming, for the inactivation of lipoxygenase. Steaming significantly reduced mass fraction of total tocopherols, which was directly associated with the greater loss of β-tocopherol content. On the contrary, γ- and δ-tocopherol and tocotrienol homologues were abundant with higher amounts in steamed samples. α-Tocopherol and γ-tocotrienol were the most resistant isomers to stabilization processes.
NOVELTY AND SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION
This study shows that the high temperature oven heating method, which is widely used in the industry for thermal stabilization of wheat germ, does not provide an advantage in oxidative stability compared to steaming and microwave applications. Steaming delayed oxidation in the germ, while further inhibiting lipoxygenase activity. Moreover, tocotrienols were more conservable. In industrial application, low-power microwave (180 instead of 360 W) and oven heating at lower temperature (90 instead of 160 °C) would be preferable.
PubMed: 33281490
DOI: 10.17113/ftb.58.03.20.6638 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020Olive oil is an important product in the Mediterranean diet, due to its health benefits and sensorial characteristics. is the most cultivated variety in Morocco. The...
Olive oil is an important product in the Mediterranean diet, due to its health benefits and sensorial characteristics. is the most cultivated variety in Morocco. The present research aims to evaluate the phenolic compounds, vitamin E and fatty acids of commercial virgin olive oils (VOOs) from five different North Moroccan provinces (Chefchaouen, Taounate, Errachidia, Beni Mellal and Taza), using HPLC-photodiode array (PDA)/electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS, normal phase (NP)-HPLC/ fluorescence detector (FLD) and GC-flame ionization detector (FID)/MS, respectively. The obtained results showed an average content of 130.0 mg kg of secoiridoids (oleuropein aglycone, 10-hydroxy-oleuropein aglycone and ligstroside aglycone, oleocanthal and oleacein), 108.1 mg kg of phenolic alcohols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), 34.7 mg kg of phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid and elenolic acid), and 8.24 mg kg of flavonoids (luteolin, luteolin glucoside, apigenin). With regard to vitamin E, α-tocopherol was the most abundant vitamin E (57.9 mg kg), followed by α-tocotrienol (2.5 mg kg), γ-tocopherol (4.5 mg kg) and β-tocopherol (1.9 mg kg), while δ-tocopherol was not detected. Moreover, 14 fatty acids were found and, among them, oleic acid (76.1%), linoleic acid (8.1%) palmitic acid (8.7%) and stearic acid (2.5%) were the major fatty acids detected. Finally, heat map and principal component analysis allowed us to classify the studied provinces in terms of VOO chemical composition: Chefchaouen (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), Taounate (oleuropein aglycone), Errachidia (ferulic acid, -3 and -6), Beni Mellal (oleocanthal) and Taza (luteolin and oleic acid).
Topics: Esters; Fatty Acids; Geography; Morocco; Olive Oil; Phenols; Principal Component Analysis; Vitamin E
PubMed: 33228191
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225428 -
Food Chemistry May 2021We present the chemical composition, quality parameters and antioxidant capacity of pumpkin seed oils (PSO) from Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima, and Cucurbita moschata...
We present the chemical composition, quality parameters and antioxidant capacity of pumpkin seed oils (PSO) from Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima, and Cucurbita moschata cultivated in Brazil. In addition, PSO nanoemulsions (nanopepo, nanomax and nanomosc) were developed and their physical stabilities were assessed under long-term storage at two temperatures. Among the PSO, C. pepo presented the highest contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids, total carotenoids, and chlorophylls, but the lowest oxidative stability. Conversely, C. maxima PSO showed highest oxidative stability and total tocopherol content but the lowest chlorophyll content. Nanomax and nanopepo were more stable to droplet growth at 4 °C, while nanomosc was more stable at 25 °C. Nanopepo was the most stable formulation after the heating-cooling cycles, whereas nanomax was the most stable under centrifugation regardless the temperature. Overall, all nanoemulsions presented droplet diameter lower than 200 nm and ζ-potential approaching -30 mV until the end of storage.
Topics: Antioxidants; Brazil; Carotenoids; Cucurbita; Emulsions; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Food Storage; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nanostructures; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Oils; Seeds; Temperature; Tocopherols
PubMed: 33223288
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128512 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Jan 2021For simultaneous analysis of four fat-soluble tocopherols (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-) in edible oils, an efficient and green method using deep eutectic solvent-based...
Deep eutectic solvent-based liquid-phase microextraction coupled with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol in edible oils.
For simultaneous analysis of four fat-soluble tocopherols (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-) in edible oils, an efficient and green method using deep eutectic solvent-based liquid-phase microextraction (DES-LPME) coupled with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was developed. The DESs formed by different quaternary ammonium salts and ethanol were used as the extractants. Tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC)-ethanol DES at a molar ratio of 1:2 achieved the best extraction efficiency. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits were in the range of 2.1-3.0 ng mL. The intra-day and inter-day repeatability were in the ranges of 3.9-5.3% and 4.8-7.1%, respectively, and the recoveries for the real samples varied from 80.7% to 105.4%. The developed method was successfully employed for the determination of all four tocopherol homologues with an RP-HPLC system containing a COSMOSIL π-NAP column in five edible oils collected locally. Graphical abstract.
Topics: Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Limit of Detection; Liquid Phase Microextraction; Plant Oils; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Reproducibility of Results; Solvents; Tocopherols; alpha-Tocopherol; beta-Tocopherol; gamma-Tocopherol
PubMed: 33205254
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03029-1 -
Heliyon Oct 2020(L.) is a seasonal fruit that contains significant amounts of bioactives like, phenolic acids (gallic acids, 2,3-dihydroxy benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, -coumaric...
(L.) is a seasonal fruit that contains significant amounts of bioactives like, phenolic acids (gallic acids, 2,3-dihydroxy benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, -coumaric acid, vanillic acid), flavonoid (rutin), organic acids (oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid), vitamin C, vitamin B group (thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, biotin, cobalamins, riboflavin), tocopherols (αtocopherol, βtocopherol, γtocopherol, δtocopherol), carotenes (αcarotene, βcarotene, γcarotene, δcarotene) and also rich in essential minerals (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, copper, manganese). This study provides a comprehensive composition analysis (determined using RP-HPLC and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Spectroscopy). medicinal activities (antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-diabetic activity) are quantified for different bael samples. The study also investigates the changes of these bioactive components with freeze, sun, hot air, and microwave drying. The study gives a proper vision to preserve the nutraceutically rich pulp by converting it into fruit leather.
PubMed: 33163665
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05382