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Animal : An International Journal of... Jun 2024A prototype, on-line Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometer (DXA) has shown high precision of the prediction of carcass composition for the purpose of improved sheep meat...
A prototype, on-line Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometer (DXA) has shown high precision of the prediction of carcass composition for the purpose of improved sheep meat grading in the Australian lamb supply chain, albeit with small inaccuracies over time. These inaccuracies were present across hours, and more significantly across days, which were unacceptable for any accreditation of this device as an objective carcass measurement tool in Australia. This inaccuracy demanded the creation of a novel image-processing algorithm for the prototype DXA. This DXA was tested for repeatability of predictions of lamb carcass composition over minutes, hours, and days, using two developed image processing algorithms. There was high immediate repeatability for both algorithms when predicting lean muscle % in 40 lamb carcasses, with a maximum CV of 0.65% over five repeated scans. There was a decrease in the CV of the prediction of lean muscle % of 30 lambs scanned three times over a 48-h period from 5.93 to 1.19% when the superior algorithm was used. The inaccuracies of lean muscle % predictions were associated with increases in the unattenuated space pixel values in DXA images. Improvements of the current algorithm are required to demonstrate repeatability over time for the purpose of accreditation within the Australian sheep meat industry, and for possible expansion of this technology into international supply chains.
Topics: Animals; Absorptiometry, Photon; Australia; Algorithms; Body Composition; Abattoirs; Sheep; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Muscle, Skeletal; Reproducibility of Results; Sheep, Domestic; Red Meat
PubMed: 38843667
DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101171 -
Journal of the College of Physicians... Jun 2024Null.
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Topics: Humans; Absorptiometry, Photon; Osteoporosis; Bone Density; Female; Osteoporotic Fractures
PubMed: 38840341
DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2024.06.633 -
Geriatrics & Gerontology International Jul 2024This study aimed to investigate the associations between upper- and lower-limb muscle strength, mass, and quality and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among...
AIM
This study aimed to investigate the associations between upper- and lower-limb muscle strength, mass, and quality and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among community-dwelling older adults.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 428 Brazilian community-dwelling older adults aged 60 to 80 years. Upper- and lower-limb muscle strength were evaluated through the handgrip strength (HGS) test and the 30-s chair stand test, respectively. Muscle mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Muscle quality was evaluated using the muscle quality index (MQI). HRQoL was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version questionnaire.
RESULTS
Lower-limb, but not upper-limb, muscle strength and quality were independently associated with HRQoL, particularly within the domains of physical capacity, environment, and overall HRQoL for both males and females (P < 0.05). DXA- and BIA-derived analyses provided similar results in relation to muscle mass and muscle quality.
CONCLUSIONS
Lower-limb, but not upper-limb, muscle strength and quality were independently associated with HRQoL among community-dwelling older adults. Moreover, the results obtained from both BIA and DXA were similar, highlighting that BIA can serve as a viable surrogate method for estimating body composition in resource-limited clinical settings. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 683-692.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Male; Female; Quality of Life; Independent Living; Cross-Sectional Studies; Muscle Strength; Aged, 80 and over; Upper Extremity; Brazil; Lower Extremity; Middle Aged; Absorptiometry, Photon; Hand Strength; Electric Impedance; Geriatric Assessment; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38840315
DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14912 -
Journal of Chromatographic Science Jun 2024The combination of teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate and pioglitazone hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations has improved type 2 diabetes management. Two...
Stability-Indicating TLC-Densitometric and HPLC Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Teneligliptin and Pioglitazone in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms with Eco-Friendly Assessment.
The combination of teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate and pioglitazone hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations has improved type 2 diabetes management. Two chromatographic methods TLC-densitometry and RP-HPLC were developed for simultaneous quantification of teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate and pioglitazone hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations, ensuring accuracy and stability assessment. The TLC method uses a mobile phase of methanol, toluene, ethyl acetate and triethylamine (1:7:2:0.1, v/v/v/v) on TLC silica gel plates, scanned at 268 nm. The RP-HPLC method employs isocratic elution with acetonitrile and sodium acetate buffer (adjust pH 3.6 with glacial acetic acid, 60:40 v/v) on a shimpack C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm), detected at 235 nm. Both methods offer high accuracy and reliability, making them valuable for pharmaceutical quality control. Additionally, an environmental impact assessment was conducted using eco-scale, Analytical Greenness Metric Approach, Green Analytical Procedure Index, and national environmental method index to evaluate solvent consumption, waste generation and energy usage. Statistical comparisons (t-tests and F-tests) validate the outcomes of both methods, ensuring their effectiveness in drug formulation analysis. These methods can enhance pharmaceutical quality control while fulfilling environmental responsibilities.
PubMed: 38836346
DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmae038 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Studies on the relationship between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and bone mineral density (BMD) among adult women in the United States are limited. The purpose... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Studies on the relationship between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and bone mineral density (BMD) among adult women in the United States are limited. The purpose of this study was to explore this association using a sizable, nationally representative sample.
METHODS
Data from the 2011 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used in this observational study. The AIP was computed as log (triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Total BMD was measured via dual-energy X-ray densitometry. We constructed multiple linear regression models to evaluate the correlation between the AIP and BMD. The non-linear relationship was characterized by smooth curve fitting and generalized additive models. We also conducted subgroup and interaction analyses.
RESULTS
In this study, we included 2,362 adult women with a mean age of 38.13 ± 12.42 years. The results of multiple linear regression analysis, the AIP and total BMD showed a negative association (β = -0.021, 95%CI: -0.037, -0.006). The curve fitting analysis and threshold effect analysis showed a non-linear relationship between the two variables, and the inflection point of the AIP was found to be -0.61. The total BMD decreased significantly when the AIP reached this value (β = -0.03, 95%CI: -0.04, -0.01). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that AIP and total BMD had a strong negative relationship in participants who were below 45 years old (β = -0.023; 95% CI: -0.041, -0.004), overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m) (β = -0.022; 95% CI: -0.041, -0.002), had a higher education level (β = -0.025; 95% CI: -0.044, -0.006), and had no partners (β = -0.014; 95% CI: -0.06, -0.009).
CONCLUSIONS
We found a negative correlation between the AIP and total BMD. Clinicians should pay attention to patients with high AIP, which might indicate a low BMD and has reference significance in preventing osteoporosis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Bone Density; Adult; Nutrition Surveys; Middle Aged; Atherosclerosis; Triglycerides; Cholesterol, HDL; Cross-Sectional Studies; Absorptiometry, Photon; United States; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 38836228
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1363889 -
Experimental Gerontology Aug 2024The present study aimed to compare V̇Omax (absolute, adjusted to total body mass, and adjusted to lean mass) in recreational runners and sedentary women <...
The present study aimed to compare V̇Omax (absolute, adjusted to total body mass, and adjusted to lean mass) in recreational runners and sedentary women < and > 50 yr and verify the effect of aging and physical activity level on the three types of V̇O max expression. The study included 147 women:85 runners (45.7 ± 14.1 yr) and 62 sedentary controls (48.8 ± 9.8 yr). They were subjected to cardiopulmonary exercise testing for V̇O max measurement and a body composition test by dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry system. V̇Omax were expressed as absolute values (L/min), relative to total body mass values (mL/kg/min), and relative to lean mass values (mL/kgLM/min). The two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction [F(2,131) = 4.43, p < 0.001] and effects of age group [F(2,131) = 32.79, p < 0.001] and physical activity group [F(2,131) = 55.64, p < 0.001] on V̇Omax (mL/min). V̇Omax (mL/kg/min) and V̇O max (mL/kgLM/min) were significantly influenced by age and physical activity levels. The multiple regression model explains 76.2 % of the dependent variable V̇Omax (mL/kg/min), age (β = -0.335, t = -7.841, p < 0.001), and physical activity group (β = -0.784, t = -18.351, p < 0.001). In conclusion, female runners had higher V̇O max values than sedentary women at all ages, even though aging has a greater impact on V̇O max in the runners group. In addition to cardiorespiratory fitness, women's metabolic lean mass function, as measured by V̇Omax adjusted by lean mass, is significantly influenced by aging. Finally, physical activity has a greater impact on V̇O max levels than aging.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Oxygen Consumption; Running; Adult; Aging; Sedentary Behavior; Body Composition; Exercise Test; Absorptiometry, Photon; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Exercise
PubMed: 38830478
DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112476 -
Terapevticheskii Arkhiv Jun 2024To study the association of bone mineral density (BMD) with serum biochemical and immunological markers in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
AIM
To study the association of bone mineral density (BMD) with serum biochemical and immunological markers in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included 173 women with RA (age 61.0 [56.0; 66.0] years). A survey, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure the BMD of the lumbar spine (L-L), femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH), routine blood chemistry, measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor, cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (CCPA), parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, myostatin, follistatin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-6 receptors, insulin-like growth factor 1, adiponectin, leptin, fibroblast growth factor 23, and tumor necrosis factor SF12 were performed.
RESULTS
PTH (β=-0.22, -0.35 and -0.30 for L-L, FN and TH, respectively), CRP (β=-0.18, 0.23 and -0.22 for L-L, FN and TH, respectively) and leptin (β=0.35, 0.32 and 0.42 for L-L, FN and TH, respectively) were shown a significant association with BMD in all sites of measurement. It was independent of age, body mass index and postmenopause duration. Associations were also found between adiponectin and BMD of L-L and TH (β=-0.36 and -0.28, respectively), CCPA and BMD of FN and TH (β=-0.21, -0.24, respectively) and IL-6 and BMD of FN (β=0.37).
CONCLUSION
The study of biochemical and immunological markers in women with RA demonstrated that CRP, CCPA, PTH, IL-6, adiponectin, and leptin influenced BMD.
Topics: Humans; Female; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bone Density; Middle Aged; Biomarkers; Absorptiometry, Photon; Aged; Postmenopause; C-Reactive Protein; Adiponectin; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Leptin
PubMed: 38829811
DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2024.05.202705 -
Pediatrics Jul 2024Although the limitations of BMI have long been recognized, there are recent concerns that it is not a good screening tool for adiposity. We therefore examined the...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Although the limitations of BMI have long been recognized, there are recent concerns that it is not a good screening tool for adiposity. We therefore examined the cross-sectional relation of BMI to adiposity among 6923 8- to 19-year-olds in the National Health and Nutrition Survey from 2011 through 2018.
METHODS
Participants were scanned with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Adiposity was expressed as fat mass index (FMI, fat mass kg ÷ m2) and percentage of body fat (%fat). Lean mass was expressed as lean mass index (LMI, lean mass ÷ m2). Regression models and 2 × 2 tables were used to assess the relation of BMI to FMI, %fat, and LMI.
RESULTS
Age and BMI accounted (R2) for 90% to 94% of the variability of FMI and LMI in each sex. Associations with %fat were weaker (R2s ∼0.70). We also examined the screening abilities of a BMI ≥ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 95th percentile for high levels of adiposity and LMI. Cut points were chosen so that prevalences of high values of these variables would be similar to that for high BMI. Of participants with a high BMI, 88% had a high FMI, and 76% had a high %fat. Participants with a high BMI were 29 times more likely to have a high FMI than those with lower BMIs; comparable relative risks were 12 for high %fat and 14 for high LMI.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite its limitations, a high BMI is a very good screening tool for identifying children and adolescents with elevated adiposity.
Topics: Humans; Body Mass Index; Male; Adiposity; Female; Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Child; Young Adult; Absorptiometry, Photon; Mass Screening; Nutrition Surveys; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 38828485
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2024-065960 -
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 2024To evaluate a PCR based method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of short tandem repeats and its quantification for detecting donor chimerism after haematopoietic...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate a PCR based method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of short tandem repeats and its quantification for detecting donor chimerism after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute leukaemias.
METHODS
The descriptive study was conducted at Genetic Resource Centre (GRC) Lab Rawalpindi from Feb 2018 - Nov 2020. A total of twenty patients with acute leukaemias having undergone HSCT were selected and assessed for the analysis of chimerism status. DNA extraction from the whole blood was done by chelex method and short tandem repeats were amplified by using conventional STR- PCR assay. Electrophoresis was carried out and 6% polyacrylamide gels were used for the resultant amplified DNA products and then followed by their densitometry. These patients had undergone HSCT from Pakistan Institute of Medical Science and Armed Forces Bone Marrow Transplant Centre.
RESULTS
The peaks in the PAGE densitometry represented the donor chimerism in all post transplant samples of the patients.
CONCLUSION
Our study showed that densitometry of STR PCR PAGE is a useful and cheaper method for demonstration of donor chimerism in acute leukaemia patients having undergone HSCT. Hence this method can be a valuable option in the monitoring of chimerism status in these patients and therefore helps in preventing graft failure by fast and early treatment strategies for these patients.
PubMed: 38827851
DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.5.9216 -
Health Science Reports Jun 2024Asthma is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease which affects 10%-20% of children and adolescents. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is one of its most effective...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease which affects 10%-20% of children and adolescents. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is one of its most effective therapies. The effect of systemic corticosteroids on decreasing bone mineral density (BMD) was investigated and proved in children; however, the influence of ICSs on bone density has still remained unclear. This study evaluates the bone mineral density of children and adolescents with asthma in southern Iran and the associated factors, for example, amount of used inhaled steroid.
METHOD
This case-control study enrolled 41 children and adolescents (aged 8-18 years) with asthma and their age and gender-matched controls in 2019-2020. Serum Calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, and bone mineral density were measured. Their physical activity, sun exposure, and fracture history were evaluated subjectively.
RESULTS
Lumbar BMD and BMD Z-score in patients showed no significant difference with controls ( = 0.23, = 0.73). Also, it showed that there was no significant difference in biochemical studies, growth, and bone densitometry parameters between patients who used ICSs for less than 3 months/year corticosteroid therapy compared to those with equal or more than 3 months/year usage. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 28% and 8% in the controls and patients, respectively ( = 0.005).
CONCLUSION
The present study showed that 9.46% of children and adolescents with asthma had low bone mass for chronological age, and it is not significantly higher than normal population. Dosage of inhaled steroid did not associate with osteoporosis in these patients. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients was lower than normal population, probably due to receiving vitamin D in their routine follow-ups.
PubMed: 38826619
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2086