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Clinical and Experimental Dental... Jun 2024The present study reviews the current literature regarding the utilization of the extended finite element method (XFEM) in clinical and experimental endodontic studies... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The present study reviews the current literature regarding the utilization of the extended finite element method (XFEM) in clinical and experimental endodontic studies and the suitability of XFEM in the assessment of cyclic fatigue in rotary endodontic nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An electronic literature search was conducted using the appropriate search terms, and the titles and abstracts were screened for relevance. The search yielded 13 hits after duplicates were removed, and four studies met the inclusion criteria for review.
RESULTS
No studies to date have utilized XFEM to study cyclic fatigue or crack propagation in rotary endodontic NiTi instruments. Challenges such as modelling material inputs and fatigue criteria could explain the lack of utilization of XFEM in the analysis of mechanical behavior in NiTi instruments.
CONCLUSIONS
The review showed that XFEM was seldom employed in endodontic literature. Recent work suggests potential promise in using XFEM for modelling NiTi structures.
Topics: Humans; Dental Alloys; Dental Instruments; Endodontics; Finite Element Analysis; Materials Testing; Nickel; Root Canal Preparation; Stress, Mechanical; Titanium
PubMed: 38770579
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.893 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... May 2024Periprosthetic joint infection is a serious complication following joint replacement. The development of bacterial biofilms bestows antibiotic resistance and restricts...
BACKGROUND
Periprosthetic joint infection is a serious complication following joint replacement. The development of bacterial biofilms bestows antibiotic resistance and restricts treatment via implant retention surgery. Electromagnetic induction heating is a novel technique for antibacterial treatment of metallic surfaces that has demonstrated in-vitro efficacy. Previous studies have always employed stationary, non-portable devices. This study aims to assess the in-vitro efficacy of induction-heating disinfection of metallic surfaces using a new Portable Disinfection System based on Induction Heating.
METHODS
Mature biofilms of three bacterial species: S. epidermidis ATCC 35,984, S. aureus ATCC 25,923, E. coli ATCC 25,922, were grown on 18 × 2 mm cylindrical coupons of Titanium-Aluminium-Vanadium (Ti6Al4V) or Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys. Study intervention was induction-heating of the coupon surface up to 70ºC for 210s, performed using the Portable Disinfection System (PDSIH). Temperature was monitored using thermographic imaging. For each bacterial strain and each metallic alloy, experiments and controls were conducted in triplicate. Bacterial load was quantified through scraping and drop plate techniques. Data were evaluated using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test for 2 group comparison. Statistical significance was fixed at p ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
All bacterial strains showed a statistically significant reduction of CFU per surface area in both materials. Bacterial load reduction amounted to 0.507 and 0.602 Log10 CFU/mL for S. aureus on Ti6Al4V and CoCrMo respectively, 5.937 and 3.500 Log10 CFU/mL for E. coli, and 1.222 and 0.372 Log10 CFU/mL for S. epidermidis.
CONCLUSIONS
Electromagnetic induction heating using PDSIH is efficacious to reduce mature biofilms of S aureus, E coli and S epidermidis growing on metallic surfaces of Ti6Al4V and CoCrMo alloys.
Topics: Biofilms; Titanium; Alloys; Disinfection; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Joint Prosthesis; Arthroplasty, Replacement; Heating; Humans; Electromagnetic Phenomena; Vitallium
PubMed: 38769535
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04785-x -
Heliyon May 2024In this work, the corrosion behavior of pure Mg, Mg3Ag, Mg6Ag, and MgZnYNd alloys in different fixatives (ethyl alcohol (EA), 85 % ethyl alcohol (85 % EA), 10 %...
In this work, the corrosion behavior of pure Mg, Mg3Ag, Mg6Ag, and MgZnYNd alloys in different fixatives (ethyl alcohol (EA), 85 % ethyl alcohol (85 % EA), 10 % neutral buffered formalin (10 % NBF), 4 % glutaric dialdehyde (4 % GD), and 4 % paraformaldehyde (4 % PFA)) was investigated to provide a valuable reference for the selection of fixatives during the histological evaluation of Mg implants. Through the hydrogen evolution test, pH test, and corrosion morphology and product characterization, it was found that corrosion proceeded slowest in the EA and 85 % EA groups, slightly faster in 4 % GD, faster in 10 % NBF, and fastest in 4 % PFA. After corrosion, the EA group surface remained unchanged, while the 85%EA group surface developed minor cracks and warping. The 4%GD fixative formed a dense needle-like protective layer on the Mg substrate. The 10%NBF group initially grew a uniform layer, but later developed irregular pits due to accelerated corrosion. In contrast, the 4%PFA solution caused more severe corrosion attributed to chloride ions. The main corrosion products in the EA and 85%EA groups were MgO and Mg(OH), while the other fixatives containing diverse ions also yielded phosphates like Mg(PO) and MgHPO. In 4 % PFA, AgCl formed on the surface of Mg6Ag alloy after corrosion. Therefore, to minimize Mg alloy corrosion without compromising staining quality, EA or 85 % EA is recommended, while 4 % PFA is not recommended due to its significant impact.
PubMed: 38765150
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30286 -
Heliyon May 2024This study aims to assess and compare the micro-shear bond strength (SBS) of a novel resin-modified glass-ionomer luting cement functionalized with a methacrylate...
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to assess and compare the micro-shear bond strength (SBS) of a novel resin-modified glass-ionomer luting cement functionalized with a methacrylate co-monomer containing a phosphoric acid group, 30 wt% 2-(methacryloxy) ethyl phosphate (2-MEP), with different substrates (dentin, enamel, zirconia, and base metal alloy). This assessment is conducted in comparison with conventional resin-modified glass ionomer cement and self-adhesive resin cement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, ninety-six specimens were prepared and categorized into four groups: enamel (A), dentin (B), zirconia (C), and base metal alloys (D). Enamel (E) and dentin (D) specimens were obtained from 30 human maxillary first premolars extracted during orthodontic treatment. For zirconia and metal alloys, 48 disks were manufactured using IPS e.max ZirCAD through dry milling and Co-Cr powder alloy by selective laser milling. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups (n = 8) according to the luting cement used: (1) Fuji PLUS resin-modified glass ionomer luting cement (FP) as a control cement, (2) modified control cement (eRMGIC), and (3) RelyX U 200 (RU 200) self-adhesive resin cement. The two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD were used to assess the data obtained from measuring the SBS of the samples.
RESULTS
The results of this study showed that the mean SBS values of eRMGIC were statistically higher compared to FP in all tested groups ( < 0.001). The mean SBS results of eRMGIC were non-significantly different from those recorded by RU 200 for all substrates except for the dentin substrate, where the RU200 cement produced significantly higher strength ( < 0.001). The failure modes were limited to a combination of mixed and adhesive failures without pure cohesive failure.
SIGNIFICANCE
The functionalization of FP with an organophosphorus co-monomer (2-MEP) directly affects the adhesion performance of the functionalized cement, which may be utilized to develop a new type of acid-base cement. It exhibited a performance comparable to that of resin-based cement and should serve well under different clinical conditions.
PubMed: 38765086
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30851 -
Journal of Dentistry Jul 2024The aim of this study is to compare the aesthetic outcomes of metal porcelain (C), lithium disilicate (T1) and porcelain-layered zirconium (T2) immediate... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to compare the aesthetic outcomes of metal porcelain (C), lithium disilicate (T1) and porcelain-layered zirconium (T2) immediate implant-supported single crowns in the anterior maxilla.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-five immediate dental implants were provided for 45 patients that required the extraction of a single tooth in the anterior maxilla. A temporary prosthesis was provided at 8 weeks after placement followed by the final prosthesis at 24 weeks post-implantation. The patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups: 15 patients in the control group (C) received a metal-porcelain restoration, 15 patients (T1) received a lithium disilicate (LD) restoration and 15 patients (T2) received a porcelain-layered, zirconium (Z) restoration. Pink (PES) and White (WES) esthetic scores, radiographic bone levels, periodontal parameters and patient's esthetic satisfaction using a visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated at the time of final restoration placement (t0) and at 12-months post-loading (t12).
RESULTS
No implants were lost during the duration of this study. Statistically significant higher WES and VAS scores (p < 0.05) were recorded in T1 vs C and T1 vs T2 groups respectively. Similar radiographic bone levels and periodontal parameters were recorded in all groups.
CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that T1 restorations provided better WES outcomes when compared to C restorations and better VAS scores when compared to T2 restorations at 12 months post-loading. Besides, different material interphases did not have an impact in PES, bone levels or periodontal parameters.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
There is limited data comparing aesthetic outcomes of implant supported single crowns made of different ceramic materials based on accepted and comparable indexes and the evaluation of the patient's perspective regarding these aesthetic outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Esthetics, Dental; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; Female; Male; Zirconium; Dental Porcelain; Crowns; Adult; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Patient Satisfaction; Dental Materials; Maxilla; Metal Ceramic Alloys; Dental Prosthesis Design; Young Adult
PubMed: 38763385
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105067 -
JACC. Cardiovascular Interventions May 2024There was no study evaluating the effects of an aspirin-free strategy in patients undergoing complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
There was no study evaluating the effects of an aspirin-free strategy in patients undergoing complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
OBJECTIVES
The authors aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an aspirin-free strategy in patients undergoing complex PCI.
METHODS
We conducted the prespecified subgroup analysis based on complex PCI in the STOPDAPT-3 (ShorT and OPtimal duration of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy after everolimus-eluting cobalt-chromium stent-3), which randomly compared low-dose prasugrel (3.75 mg/d) monotherapy to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with low-dose prasugrel and aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndrome or high bleeding risk. Complex PCI was defined as any of the following 6 criteria: 3 vessels treated, ≥3 stents implanted, ≥3 lesions treated, bifurcation with 2 stents implanted, total stent length >60 mm, or a target of chronic total occlusion. The coprimary endpoints were major bleeding events (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 or 5) and cardiovascular events (a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis, or ischemic stroke) at 1 month.
RESULTS
Of the 5,966 study patients, there were 1,230 patients (20.6%) with complex PCI. Regardless of complex PCI, the effects of no aspirin relative to DAPT were not significant for the coprimary bleeding (complex PCI: 5.30% vs 3.70%; HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 0.84-2.47; P = 0.18 and noncomplex PCI: 4.26% vs 4.97%; HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.65-1.11; P = 0.24; P for interaction = 0.08) and cardiovascular (complex PCI: 5.78% vs 5.93%; HR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.62-1.55; P = 0.92 and noncomplex PCI: 3.70% vs 3.10%; HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.88-1.63; P = 0.25; P for interaction = 0.48) endpoints without significant interactions.
CONCLUSIONS
The effects of the aspirin-free strategy relative to standard DAPT for the cardiovascular and major bleeding events were not different regardless of complex PCI. (ShorT and OPtimal duration of Dual AntiPlatelet Therapy after everolimus-eluting cobalt-chromium stent-3 [STOPDAPT-3]; NCT04609111).
Topics: Humans; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Male; Time Factors; Female; Aspirin; Aged; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Hemorrhage; Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy; Risk Factors; Prasugrel Hydrochloride; Everolimus; Drug-Eluting Stents; Prosthesis Design; Drug Administration Schedule; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Thrombosis; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Chromium Alloys; Risk Assessment; Drug Therapy, Combination
PubMed: 38749592
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2024.03.017 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Alterations in the mechanical properties of the materials utilized in orthodontic appliances could affect the working properties of the appliances, thereby affecting... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Alterations in the mechanical properties of the materials utilized in orthodontic appliances could affect the working properties of the appliances, thereby affecting clinical progress and outcome. Numerous studies have confirmed the correlation between alloy corrosion and raised surface roughness, which has a direct impact on the working characteristics of orthodontic archwires.
METHODS
Thirty nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires were utilized in this study. Patients were randomly selected and allocated into three groups according to the randomization plan; (The control group): subjects practiced regular oral hygiene; (The fluoride group): subjects used fluoride for intensive prophylaxis; (The chlorhexidine group): subjects used chlorhexidine. Representative samples were evaluated by SEM, and then SEM images with high resolution were examined using Image J software to determine the surface roughness and obtain the results for further statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Our findings indicated a significant difference was found between the three groups regarding the anterior and posterior parts between the control and the two other groups and a non-significant difference between NaF and CHX groups. Overall, the p-value for group comparisons was 0.000 for both parts, indicating a highly significant difference especially between the control and NaF groups.
CONCLUSION
Mouthwashes containing sodium fluoride demonstrated more significant surface alterations than the control and CHX groups and should be prescribed in accordance with orthodontic materials to reduce side effects.
Topics: Humans; Sodium Fluoride; Chlorhexidine; Corrosion; Surface Properties; Orthodontic Wires; Dental Alloys; Nickel; Alloys; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Titanium; Cariostatic Agents; Male; Female; Young Adult; Mouthwashes; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Adolescent; Adult; Oral Hygiene
PubMed: 38745154
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04289-4 -
Journal of Breath Research May 2024Despite the widespread use of dental restorative materials, little information exists in the literature regarding their potential impact on bad breath. This in vitro...
Despite the widespread use of dental restorative materials, little information exists in the literature regarding their potential impact on bad breath. This in vitro study aims to fill this gap by investigating the influence of different restorative materials on the release of hydrogen sulfide (HS). Thirteen diverse dental restorative materials, including composites, flowable composites, glass ionomer restorative materials, high-copper amalgam, and CAD-CAM blocks, were examined. Cellulose Sponge models were used as negative and positive control. All samples were prepared with a diameter of 5 mm and a height of 2 mm. Except for the negative control group, all samples were embedded into Allium cepa L., and the emitted HS was measured using the Wintact W8802 hydrogen sulfide monitor. Surface roughness's effect on emission was explored by roughening the surfaces of CAD-CAM material samples, and gas emission was measured again. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and DSCF pairwise comparison tests. Fiber-reinforced flowable composite (EverX Flow), amalgam (Nova 70-caps), and certain composite materials (IPS Empress Direct, Tetric Evoceram, Admira Fusion X-tra) released higher HS concentrations compared to the negative control. The HS release period lasted longer in the same materials mentioned above, along with G-aenial Universal Injectable. Indirectly used materials, such as GC Cerasmart, Vita Enamic, and Vita YZ HT, demonstrated significantly lower emissions compared to other direct restoratives. Importantly, the surface roughness of indirect materials did not significantly affect peak HS concentrations or release times. The study reveals variations in HS release among restorative materials, suggesting potential advantages of indirect restorative materials in reducing HS-induced halitosis. This comprehensive understanding of the relationship between restorative materials and halitosis can empower both dental professionals and patients to make well-informed treatment choices. Notably, there is evidence supporting the enhanced performance of indirect restorative materials for individuals affected by halitosis.
Topics: Humans; Halitosis; Hydrogen Sulfide; Dental Materials; In Vitro Techniques; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Composite Resins; Materials Testing; Dental Amalgam; Surface Properties
PubMed: 38744271
DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad4b57 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Oct 2023To evaluate and compare the formation of dentinal defects using hand Hedstrom files, XP-Shaper, TruNatomy, and Reciproc Blue file systems when used for oval shaped root... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
AIM
To evaluate and compare the formation of dentinal defects using hand Hedstrom files, XP-Shaper, TruNatomy, and Reciproc Blue file systems when used for oval shaped root canals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred and five extracted human mandibular premolars with single root and oval canals were selected for the study. Twenty-one teeth were unprepared (control), and the remaining teeth were divided into the prepared groups (n = 21), that is, Group H-Files, Group XP-Shaper, Group TruNatomy, and Group Reciproc Blue. All selected teeth were de-coronated perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth by using a diamond-coated disk with water cooling, leaving root segments approximately 16 mm in length. Each group was prepared according to the above file system. Then all roots were sectioned perpendicular to their long axes at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex using a diamond-coated disk under a continuous water stream. Each specimen was then checked for the presence of dentinal defects/microcracks.
RESULT
The XP-Endo shaper group had the lowest number of defects (01/21 roots) 4.7%; TN (04/21) 19%, H-Files (04/21) 19%, and RC Blue (05/21) 23.8% had the highest incidence of defects. However, no significant difference was detected among these groups (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The motor-driven root canal instrumentation with rotary and reciprocating files and hand files may create microcracks in the radicular dentine, whereas the XP-Shaper file system produces minimal or less cracks compared to other tested rotary file systems and H-file instrumentation.
Topics: Humans; Root Canal Preparation; Dentin; Dental Pulp Cavity; Equipment Design; Dental Instruments; Bicuspid; Dental Alloys; Nickel; Titanium; Materials Testing; Rotation
PubMed: 38739827
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_132_23 -
Cureus Apr 2024The evolution of root canal instrumentation techniques has significantly impacted the field of endodontics, enhancing both the efficiency and outcomes of treatments.... (Review)
Review
The evolution of root canal instrumentation techniques has significantly impacted the field of endodontics, enhancing both the efficiency and outcomes of treatments. This review outlines the transition from manual to mechanical and rotary instruments, highlighting the role of nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys and smart technologies in advancing procedural precision and reducing patient discomfort. Key historical developments and technological innovations, such as digital imaging and navigation systems, are explored for their contributions to improved clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Additionally, the review addresses the challenges presented by the complex anatomy of the root canal system and the advent of current instrumentation techniques. The potential of emerging trends, including artificial intelligence and advances in materials science, is discussed in the context of future endodontic practices. Despite the progress, challenges related to using advanced instrumentation methods, ethical considerations, and the cost factor of new technologies persist. The present review underscores the ongoing need for research and development to further refine root canal instrumentation techniques, ensuring that advancements in endodontic care remain patient-centered and accessible.
PubMed: 38738101
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58045