-
The Saudi Dental Journal Jun 2024Comparative studies of interim veneer restorations crafted using subtractive computer-aided manufacturing (s-CAM) milling technology and traditional direct hand-made...
BACKGROUND
Comparative studies of interim veneer restorations crafted using subtractive computer-aided manufacturing (s-CAM) milling technology and traditional direct hand-made approaches are needed.
PURPOSE
This comparative in vitro study evaluated the fracture resistance of two types of provisional veneer restorations for maxillary central incisors: milled (s-CAM) and traditional direct hand-made bis-acryl veneers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty maxillary right central incisor veneers (25 specimens per group) were fabricated and divided according to the fabrication method: (1) s-CAM milled (Structure CAD, VOCO Dental); and (2) hand-made (Protemp Plus, 3M). The restorations were cemented onto 3D-printed resin dies using temporary cement and subjected to 1000 cycles of thermal cycling between 5° and 55 °C. These restorations subsequently were subjected to compressive loading until fracture occurred. Images of the fractured samples were captured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA test and the Mann-Whitney test.
RESULTS
Significant differences (p < 0.001) in the fracture resistance were observed between the two groups. s-CAM milled interim veneers displayed higher fracture resistance values (439.60 ± 26 N) compared to the traditional method (149.15 ± 10 N).
CONCLUSION
The manufacturing method significantly influences the fracture resistance of interim veneer restorations. s-CAM interim laminate veneer restorations for maxillary central incisors exhibit a fracture resistance superior to that of the traditional method using bis-acryl.Clinical relevanceClinicians should consider CAD/CAM milled veneers for scenarios demanding long-term interim restoration and the withstanding of high occlusal forces.
PubMed: 38883892
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.04.002 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Pediatric dentistry plays a critical role in ensuring the oral health and well-being of children and adolescents. The quest for effective dental materials that are safe,... (Review)
Review
Pediatric dentistry plays a critical role in ensuring the oral health and well-being of children and adolescents. The quest for effective dental materials that are safe, biocompatible, and capable of promoting natural remineralization has led to the emergence of biosilicate cements as a promising advancement in this field. Biosilicate cements are bioactive materials composed of amorphous silica, calcium oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, and other trace elements. The bioactivity of biosilicate cements allows them to interact with living tissues, promoting remineralization and stimulating the formation of hydroxyapatite, a vital component of teeth and bones. Their ability to release essential ions, such as calcium, phosphate, and fluoride, supports the natural healing processes, aiding in the preservation of pulp vitality and reducing the risk of secondary caries. Biosilicate cements offer versatility in pediatric dentistry, finding application indirect pulp capping, indirect pulp capping, and small-sized restorations. Their rapid setting time proves advantageous when treating young patients with limited cooperation. Furthermore, the continuous release of fluoride contributes to caries prevention and enhances the long-term oral health of children. While the advantages of biosilicate cements in pediatric dentistry are promising, this manuscript also discusses the limitations and challenges associated with their use. Some biosilicate cements may have different handling characteristics compared to traditional materials, necessitating adaptations in clinical techniques. In addition, long-term clinical data on the performance of these materials in pediatric patients are still limited, requiring further research to establish their efficacy and longevity. This manuscript explores the potential of biosilicate cements in pediatric dentistry.
PubMed: 38882895
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1235_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024The stainless-steel crown (SSC) is a durable restoration and has several indications for use in primary teeth such as following a pulpotomy/pulpectomy, fractured teeth,...
The stainless-steel crown (SSC) is a durable restoration and has several indications for use in primary teeth such as following a pulpotomy/pulpectomy, fractured teeth, teeth with developmental defects, or large multi-surface caries lesions where amalgam is likely to fail. Due to its durability and a lifespan like the primary tooth, it could well be the gold standard in restorative care. SSCs protect the crown from fracture, reduce the possibility for leakage, and ensure a biological seal. However, the placement of the SSC should follow a meticulous technique. There are some clinical situations where the SSC may fail, leading to plaque accumulation and gingivitis. This could be secondary to improper crimping of crown margins, which lead to poorly adapted SSC. In some clinical situations, ledge formation under the crown or failure to clean excess cement can contact the gingiva and cause gingival inflammation. This study was carried out on 41 children between the ages of 4 and 10 in Al Qassim region to study the effects of SSCs on gingiva and oral hygiene. The study also aims to establish the correlation between SSC adaptation and post-insertion inflammation. The plaque and gingival index were recorded at 3 months' post SSC insertion. Clinical examination was undertaken, and gingival index (Loe and Silness 1967) and plaque index (Silness and Loe 1967) were used to record gingival health and plaque accumulation, respectively. The result for post-inflammation and SSC adaptation showed that there was no statistically significant difference in post-insertion inflammation and crown adaptation (P value = 0.216). The result for pre-operative inflammation and post-operative inflammation shows that there is no significant difference in post-inflammation and adaptation (P value = 0.47). We found that oral hygiene care had a heightening effect and oral hygiene maintenance plays a key role in preventing gingival inflammation irrespective of the SSC adaptation over short periods of time (3 months).
PubMed: 38882832
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1208_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024The aim of the in vitro study was to compare the internal merge and marginal perfection of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) crowns under a...
PURPOSE
The aim of the in vitro study was to compare the internal merge and marginal perfection of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) crowns under a stereomicroscope.
METHODS
All-ceramic preparation is done on the maxillary first premolar which is mounted on the wax block which was scanned using 3Shape scanner and duplicated into 30 acrylic CAD/CAM dies ( = 15) for the placement of PEEK and PEKK crowns. The YENADENT milling system was used to fabricate 15 samples from Group A PEEK crowns and to fabricate 15 samples from Group B PEKK crowns. According to the manufacturer's instructions, an equal amount of the dual-cure resin luting agent (Rely X U200 Self-Adhesive resin, 3M, Germany) was dispensed on the mixing pad before being mixed with cement and painted on the internal surfaces of the copings with the finger pressure crowns which were luted. The values were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA (post hoc) followed by Dunnett's -test.
RESULTS
Among those two groups, PEEK group materials showed the lowest mean value of (28.73.3 ± 4.01) for marginal fit and (26.72 ± 2.53) for internal gap, whereas PEKK group showed a mean value of (32.85 ± 4.63) and (33.06 ± 4.14), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Among these two groups, comparatively less marginal fit and internal adaptation is seen in PEKK when compared to the PEEK crowns. While the marginal fit and internal adaptation of both PEEK and PEKK copings were in acceptable clinical range.
PubMed: 38882827
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_756_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Bioactivity refers to the ability of a material to interact with living organisms or biological systems in a way that elicits a specific response. In the context of...
BACKGROUND
Bioactivity refers to the ability of a material to interact with living organisms or biological systems in a way that elicits a specific response. In the context of materials science and medicine, bioactivity is particularly important because it can determine the suitability of material for various applications.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate and compare different commercially available calcium silicate-based materials regarding: 1. Morphological and elemental analysis at the dentin/material interface. 2. Calcium and silicon release and uptake by adjacent root canal dentine by evaluating the calcium and silicon incorporation depth in adjacent root canal dentin.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study examined four calcium silicate-based cements: Biodentine, MTA Angelus, BioAggregate, and MTA Plus. One hundred extracted human teeth with intact apices and no cavities were selected. Root sections measuring 3 mm in length were created at the mid-root level using low-speed diamond discs. Bioactivity was evaluated at 1, 7, 30, and 90 days, respectively.
RESULTS
The principal composition of the interfacial dentine layer and incorporation of calcium and silicon into dentine was measured at 1, 7, 30, and 90 days. Statistical analysis was performed by multiple comparisons using Tukey HSD.
CONCLUSION
All the materials have shown bioactivity, i.e. release of calcium, silicon, and their uptake in the adjacent dentin in the presence of phosphate-buffered saline.
PubMed: 38882788
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_959_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024To evaluate the fracture resistance (FR) of the teeth having reenacted perforating internal resorption cavities repaired by distinctive calcium silicate-based cements...
Reinforcement of Teeth Having Reenacted Perforating Internal Resorption Cavities After Repair Using Different Calcium Silicate-based Cements and Backfilling Materials: An Study.
To evaluate the fracture resistance (FR) of the teeth having reenacted perforating internal resorption cavities repaired by distinctive calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) specifically: Endocem MTA, Biodentine, NeoMTA Plus, and backfilling materials. Ninety-six freshly extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were selected. Twelve roots were used as the negative control group. Rotary files were used to complete the final irrigation and root canal preparation on the remaining teeth. Following that, burs were used to make standardized internal resorption chambers in the middle part of the roots. Twelve of these samples were used as positive control samples. The remaining 72 root canals were obturated in the apical 4 mm using a single-cone approach, and they were separated into 6 groups based on the CSCs used to fill voids and the materials used as backfilling. Group 1: Endocem MTA (resorption) + Endocem MTA (coronal), Group 2: Endocem MTA (resorption) + Gutta-percha/sealer (coronal), Group 3: Biodentine (resorption) + Biodentine (coronal), Group 4: Biodentine (resorption) + Gutta-percha/sealer (coronal), Group 5: NeoMTA Plus (resorption) + NeoMTA Plus (coronal), and Group 6: NeoMTA Plus (resorption) + Gutta-percha/sealer (coronal). Specimens were inserted in acrylic resin and then subjected to fracture testing. Fracture strength tests were performed using a Universal Testing Machine. The force was employed vertically with a consistent speed of 1 mm/minute. The results were analyzed with Variance and Bonferrini tests at < 0.005. The mean force of fracture values were 447.00, 201.25, 318.75, 187.50, 596.58, 258.75, 347.50, and 298.75 N for Group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively. "There was a significant difference ( < 0.001) between the experimental groups and the control group". Group 5 showed the highest FR as compared to other groups. Backfilling with CSCs appears to be a better material than a gutta-percha/sealer combination. Neo MTA plus furthermore appeared the highest fracture-resistant material, while Biodentine + Gutta percha/sealer showed the least FR.
PubMed: 38882772
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_791_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024To assess clinically and histologically the efficacy of TheraCal LC and Biodentine as Direct Pulp Capping agents.
AIM
To assess clinically and histologically the efficacy of TheraCal LC and Biodentine as Direct Pulp Capping agents.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Sixty caries-free maxillary first premolar teeth which were scheduled for orthodontic extraction were selected for the study and were divided equally into Group 1 (Theracal LC) and Group 2 (Biodentine). Thermal and electric pulp testing was performed on the teeth to assess pulp vitality followed by tooth preparation to expose pulp horns under local anesthesia. After achieving hemostasis, the direct pulp capping agent was placed and composite restoration was done. All the teeth were evaluated and compared in terms of clinical and histological findings after 6 weeks. The statistical analysis used was the Kruskal-Wallis test.
RESULTS
Teeth with Theracal LC showed no sensitivity to heat, cold, or percussion, whereas sensitivity to heat, cold, or percussion was noted with Biodentine. Histological evaluation revealed that TheraCal LC has higher efficiency in complete dentin bridge formation, had maximum dentin thickness, and showed minimal or no pulpal disorganization and pulpal inflammation as compared to Biodentine.
CONCLUSION
TheraCal LC proves to be a promising future as a direct pulp capping agent.
PubMed: 38882760
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_805_23 -
Journal of Dental Research, Dental... 2024Insufficient information exists regarding the fracture resistance and failure pattern of newly developed zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate (ZL, Vita Ambria) onlays....
BACKGROUND
Insufficient information exists regarding the fracture resistance and failure pattern of newly developed zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate (ZL, Vita Ambria) onlays. This in vitro study compared the fracture resistance of two types of onlays: monolithic lithium disilicate (LD) and monolithic ZL.
METHODS
Forty-eight ceramic onlay restorations were fabricated on epoxy dies using a maxillary first premolar model. The samples were divided into two main groups: LD and ZL. Half of each group was subjected to thermomechanical fatigue loading (TML) using a chewing simulator. All the samples were cemented with self-adhesive resin cement. Subsequently, they were loaded until failure in a universal testing machine, and the fracture patterns and resistance were recorded.
RESULTS
Before TML, ZL demonstrated the highest statistically significant mean fracture resistance (499.76±34.14N) compared to LD (470.40±27.38N). After TML, ZL showed the highest non-statistically significant mean fracture resistance (429.27±131.42N), while LD's mean fracture resistance decreased (377.31±62.18N).
CONCLUSION
Monolithic zirconia-reinforced onlays demonstrated higher fracture resistance and a more favorable failure mode compared to LD. However, the impact of thermomechanical aging resulted in reduced fracture resistance for both materials, with a notable preference observed for ZL.
PubMed: 38881646
DOI: 10.34172/joddd.40843 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Jun 2024To compare the performance of Cention-N® with direct restorative materials used at the daily practice (e.g., resin-based composites/RBC, glass ionomer cements/GIC,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To compare the performance of Cention-N® with direct restorative materials used at the daily practice (e.g., resin-based composites/RBC, glass ionomer cements/GIC, bioactive resins, silver amalgam) via a systematic review study.
METHODS
The review followed the PRISMA-NMA recommendations, and the protocol of the review was published at osf.io/ybde8. The search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Lilacs, and SciELO databases, as well as in the grey literature (Open Grey, Proquest, and Periódicos CAPES). Studies with an in vitro experimental design evaluating the characteristics and properties of Cention-N in comparison to other restorative materials were included. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the RoBDEMAT tool, and meta-analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and MetaInsight V3 tools.
RESULTS
A total of 85 studies were included in the review, from which 79 were meta-analyzed. Several characteristics of direct restorative materials were analyzed, including physical (color change, degree of conversion, hardness, microleakage, polymerization rate, roughness, water solubility, water sorption), mechanical (bond strength to dentin, compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, flexural modulus, flexural strength, load-to-fracture, wear), and biological (alkalinizing effect, antibacterial activity, calcium and fluoride release) properties.
SIGNIFICANCE
Cention-N presented similar physico-mechanical properties compared to RBCs, but a stronger behavior than GICs. Despite the Alkasite nature of Cention-N, GICs may still demonstrate the greatest fluoride releasing ability from all direct restorative materials. This review confirmed the adequate behavior of Cention-N when compared to several other more traditionally used materials, confirming its applicability for the permanent restoration of decayed or fractured teeth.
PubMed: 38880724
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.06.014 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Jun 2024Quality control testing of dental materials requires a standard to enable the generation of reproducible and comparable data. Currently there are no standards for...
OBJECTIVES
Quality control testing of dental materials requires a standard to enable the generation of reproducible and comparable data. Currently there are no standards for testing materials used for vital pulp therapy. The aim of this study was to develop a new standard to evaluate solubility of pulp preservation materials.
METHODS
The solubility of three materials used for vital pulp therapy: Biodentine, TheraCal and Activa was evaluated using two international standards for dental materials ISO 4049:2019 (S1) and ISO 6876:2012 (S2). For both standards, a modified methodology was evaluated. This included changing the volume of the solution used (S1M, S2M), using Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) as an alternative to water (S1D, S2D) and periodic solution change for the ISO 4049 method (S1P, S1MP). Materials were characterised before and after completion of solubility test using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis.
RESULTS
The test materials exhibited different solubility values depending on the methodology used. Biodentine exhibited significantly lower solubility when lower volumes of solution were used when tested using both ISO methods (p ≤ 0.05). TheraCal and Activa showed negative solubility values after desiccation when tested using ISO 4049:2019. The Biodentine exhibited changes in its microstructure which was dependent on the method used to test solubility.
CONCLUSIONS
The solubility values obtained were dependent on the method used. It is thus important to use methods that replicate the clinical environment for meaningful evaluations.
PubMed: 38876829
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.028