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Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Polymers; Biocompatible Materials
PubMed: 38952639
DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2024.99429.3148 -
International Journal of Particle... Jun 2024It is known that radiation to dentofacial structures during childhood can lead to developmental disturbances. However, this appears to be a relatively subordinated... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
It is known that radiation to dentofacial structures during childhood can lead to developmental disturbances. However, this appears to be a relatively subordinated research subject. For this reason, this review aims to establish the current evidence base on the effect of PBT on dentofacial development in paediatric patients treated for cancer in the head and neck region.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive search was undertaken to identify both published and unpublished studies or reports. A single reviewer completed initial screening of abstracts; 2 independent reviewers completed secondary screening and data extraction. A narrative synthesis was then conducted.
RESULTS
82 records were screened in total, resulting in 11 included articles. These articles varied in terms of study design and reporting quality. Owing to both poor study reporting and limited patient numbers, it is not possible to determine the effect of cancer diagnosis, chronological age at treatment, radiation dose or treatment modality on the incidence of facial deformation or dental development anomalies.
CONCLUSION
Disturbances in dentofacial development are an under-reported toxicity in paediatric cancer survivors treated with PBT to the head and neck. There is a need for more research on dentofacial toxicity reporting, focused on the impact of treatment age, radiation dose, concurrent therapies, and the subsequent impact on quality of life.
PubMed: 38952615
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpt.2024.100107 -
Cureus Jun 2024Background MXene is a newly discovered substance consisting of 2D transition metal carbides or nitrides, produced through the disintegration and etching of aluminum...
Background MXene is a newly discovered substance consisting of 2D transition metal carbides or nitrides, produced through the disintegration and etching of aluminum layers. It possesses numerous properties, including a high surface area, conductivity, strength, stiffness, negative zeta potential, and excellent volumetric capacitance. MXene is utilized in detecting anti-cancer medicine, while bismuth vanadate (BiVO) is synthesized to form an optimized material for anti-cancer activity applications. BiVO exhibits visible light absorption, strong chemical stability, and non-toxic properties. However, when loaded onto target stem cells, it can cause skin and respiratory irritation. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the facile fabrication of titanium carbide (TiC)-BiVO nanomaterials coupled with oxides for anti-cancer activity. Moreover, it aimed to create TiC-BiVO nanomaterials in combination with oxides using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess their potential as efficient and targeted anti-cancer agents. Methods and materials To prepare the 2D TiC MXene, 2.5 g of titanium aluminum carbide (TiAlC) powder was dissolved in 60 mL of a 40% hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution in a polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) container. The etching process was made more efficient and completed in 24 hours by using a magnetic stirring system to keep the mixture stirred and heated continuously. The centrifugation was performed at 4000 rpm for five minutes. Subsequently, deionized water was used to wash the solution many times until its pH reached around 7. The appropriate TiC powder was made by vacuum drying the acquired sediment at 80°C for 24 hours. Monoclinic BiVO samples were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Typically, 10 mmol of Bi(NO).5HO was dissolved in 100 mL of a 2 mol/L HNO solution and stirred uniformly. Subsequently, 10 mmol of ammonium metavanadate (NHVO) was added to the mixed solution. After being stirred for one hour, the mixture was transferred into a 100 mL sealed Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave at 180°C for 16 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the sediment was washed three times with deionized water, ethanol, and acetone, respectively. Finally, the suspension was dried at 80°C, followed by calcination at 450°C for three hours to obtain BiVO. TiC-BiVO heterostructures were prepared by surface modification TiCusing BiVO suspensions by a simple, cost-effective approach. Results TiC nanosheets were observed with BiVO particles, and the high crystalline nature of the compound was confirmed after XRD analysis and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The compound was found to be pure without any impurities and exhibited anti-cancer activity. Conclusion The XRD, field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), and EDS investigations provide an in-depth analysis of the structural, morphological, and compositional characteristics of TiC-BiVO sheets. The XRD analysis proves the successful combination of different materials and the presence of crystalline phases. The FESEM imaging technique exposes the shape and arrangement of particles in sheets, while the EDS analysis verifies the elemental composition and uniform distribution. These investigations show that TiC-BiVO composites have been successfully synthesized, indicating their potential for use in anti-cancer applications.
PubMed: 38952587
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61492 -
Cureus Jun 2024Introduction Immunisation is one of the key public health instruments to combat childhood morbidity and mortality. However, the lack of mothers' knowledge and motivation...
Introduction Immunisation is one of the key public health instruments to combat childhood morbidity and mortality. However, the lack of mothers' knowledge and motivation to vaccinate their children has affected vaccination programs and vaccination coverage rate in the state of Jharkhand. Therefore, addressing this knowledge gap, our study aims to evaluate the extent of mothers' understanding of the effects and aspects of vaccination for their children. Materials and method This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the paediatric vaccination clinic of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi between October 2022 and September 2023. The sample population included 200 mothers as participants (18 years and above). The survey was done with a self-administered questionnaire of questions about socio-demographic factors, mothers' knowledge, and mothers' practices, and answers were consolidated in the form of a table. Results The majority of participants in this study were below 25 years of age and were literate. The missed vaccination percentage was also significantly higher among illiterates, mothers below 30 years of age, and unemployed ones. Among the respondents, 73.3% of illiterate mothers, 56% of those below 30 years of age, and 64% of unemployed mothers missed their children's vaccination schedule. Among the mothers, 75% did not know the names of vaccine-preventable diseases. Of the respondents, 50% believed intercurrent illnesses like fever and the common cold to be side effects and contraindications of vaccines. Among the mothers, 65% never posed any questions to the paediatrician. Of the mothers, 97% safely kept the vaccination card and 82% relied on government or public health centres for vaccination purposes. Conclusion The majority of our population was in favour of vaccinating their children but there existed a huge lacuna in their knowledge about vaccination. This study concludes that firmer measures have to be exercised to bridge this knowledge gap. Only this can improve the vaccination coverage rate.
PubMed: 38952585
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61478 -
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences Jul 2024Recent years have seen a rise in the usage of dental implants to restore lost teeth. The stability of a dental implant is the main factor in determining its success....
OBJECTIVE
Recent years have seen a rise in the usage of dental implants to restore lost teeth. The stability of a dental implant is the main factor in determining its success. Implant stability is influenced by various factors. Several approaches have been employed clinically to evaluate stability at different time intervals. One non-invasive way to assess implant stability is by resonance frequency analysis. Utilizing the resonance frequency analysis method, this study seeks to understand how implant length and diameter affect primary and secondary stability.
METHODS
The current prospective study was conducted in the Prosthodontics Department of Institute of Dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College. The duration of the study was six months. A total of 90 implants of sizes 4.5 x 8.5 mm and 4 x 10mm were placed. Resonance frequency measurements were recorded using Osstell™ AB device for primary stability at implant insertion and at 12 weeks for secondary stability. All the measurements were carried out by only one of the researchers to minimize inter-observer bias.
RESULTS
The average primary stability was 70.33±6.60, and the average secondary stability was 71.43±5.44. The data was stratified for age, gender, and implant site, and the mean primary and secondary stability of both sizes didn't show any statistically significant differences.
CONCLUSION
Without forfeiting implant stability, both implant sizes (4 x 10mm and 4.5 x 8.5mm) can be used interchangeably, depending on available space and anatomical constraints.
PubMed: 38952523
DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.6.8213 -
Heliyon Jun 2024This study investigated the in vivo embryotoxicity, teratogenic potential, and additional effects of orthodontic acrylic resin as well as its components, utilizing...
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the in vivo embryotoxicity, teratogenic potential, and additional effects of orthodontic acrylic resin as well as its components, utilizing zebrafish as a model organism. The research focused on morphological, cardiac, behavioral, and cognitive evaluations that were performed on embryos and larval-stage animals subjected to chronic exposure.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Embryo and larval-stage zebrafish were categorized into five experimental groups, which were further subdivided into five subgroups. These subgroups included three specific doses for each tested substance, a control with the vehicle (0.1 % dimethyl sulfoxide in water), and an absolute control (water). Assessments were performed on day 5 post-fertilization, which included morphological, cardiac, behavioral, and cognitive evaluations. All experiments had a sample size of ten animals and were performed in triplicate. Survival and hatching rates were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier test, while other measurements were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey post hoc test.
RESULTS
Statistically significant differences were observed between the control and treatment groups across all the tested substances for heart rate, cognitive responsiveness, and cellular apoptosis. However, survival, hatching rate, and other parameters exhibited no significant variation, except for the highest dose in the dibutyl phthalate group, which demonstrated a notable difference in survival.
CONCLUSIONS
Chronic exposure to acrylic resin and its components may be associated with decreased cognitive ability and cardiac rhythm, as well as an increase in the level of cellular apoptosis in zebrafish.
PubMed: 38952375
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32067 -
Annals of Geriatric Medicine and... Jul 2024In India, the absence of formal training in geriatric dentistry and the lack of recognition of it as a speciality contributes to the deterioration of oral health in the...
BACKGROUND
In India, the absence of formal training in geriatric dentistry and the lack of recognition of it as a speciality contributes to the deterioration of oral health in the older adults. India lacks specific oral healthcare policies for older adults. Additionally, caregivers' perspective in Indian old age homes regarding oral health care services remains underexplored, necessitating further studies in this context.
METHODS
A mixed method study was conducted, and the quantitative component focused on assessing the oral health status of institutionalized older adults and caregivers' perceptions using a questionnaire. The qualitative part evaluates caregivers' perceptions of providing oral health care services for institutionalized older adults by conducting in-depth interviews.
RESULTS
More than 50% of caregivers perceived that the oral health status of institutionalized older adults was fair even though institutionalized older adults has poor oral health status. Barriers include autonomy, difficulty in traveling, lack of financial support, lack of knowledge and time. Approaches for enhancing oral health services for institutionalized older adults include oral health education for older adults and caregivers, monthly dentist visits to the institution, utilization of portable dental chair services, collaboration with dental colleges/dental clinics, distribution of oral health education materials, and provision of oral hygiene aids.
CONCLUSION
Caregivers face barriers in providing oral health care services to institutionalized older adults, especially those who are functionally reliant and cognitively impaired. Findings from our study show that there is a need to collaborate with the dental colleges to provide oral health services in old age homes.
PubMed: 38952331
DOI: 10.4235/agmr.24.0068 -
Turkish Journal of Orthodontics Jun 2024Expeditious strides in the fields of biomaterials, computer-aided design, and manufacturing have catapulted clear aligner therapy (CAT) to become a comprehensive...
Expeditious strides in the fields of biomaterials, computer-aided design, and manufacturing have catapulted clear aligner therapy (CAT) to become a comprehensive orthodontic treatment modality. The efficiency of achieving planned tooth movement with clear aligners is a significant consideration while setting up the final treatment goals, as well as calculating treatment times and costs based on the available evidence. Contemporary research outcomes confirm that one of the most commonly reported clinical concerns with CAT is the discrepancy between the prescribed outcome in the digital treatment plan and the clinically achieved outcome from a given series of aligners. Inaccurate prediction of tooth movements may not only lead to a prolonged duration of aligner treatment with an additional need for refinement strategies; but it may also cause other concerns, such as patient burnout and increased potential for relapse. The authors of this paper have elucidated some of the critical elements that may help address this discrepancy between digitally prescribed and clinical outcomes based on an evidence-based approach with regard to the predictability and accuracy of CAT. A strong diagnostic acumen, judicious case selection, solid biomechanical understanding of various types of orthodontic tooth movements, a research framework that keeps pace with technological and material developments and provides evidence-based knowledge of the limitations of CAT; and above all, the ability of the clinician to continually innovate as per different clinical scenarios, all contribute to attaining treatment predictability, efficacy, and efficiency with CAT.
PubMed: 38952301
DOI: 10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2024.2024.4 -
Turkish Journal of Orthodontics Jun 2024The quality of orthodontic forces in aligners is mainly influenced by their mechanical properties. At present, there is insufficient information on how environmental...
OBJECTIVE
The quality of orthodontic forces in aligners is mainly influenced by their mechanical properties. At present, there is insufficient information on how environmental factors affect the mechanical function of aligners, and studies have shown that patients do not pay enough attention to removing aligners while eating and drinking. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of different chemicals on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials.
METHODS
In this study, 175 thermoplastic samples from Easy-Vac gasket (3A Medes, Korea) were prepared, and their chemical composition, tensile strength, and hardness before and after exposure to solutions of orange juice, Cola, chlorhexidine mouthwash, and distilled water were measured. One-Way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tamhane's test, and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
The tensile strength of the sheets increased with continuous exposure to orange juice and chlorhexidine mouthwash, and their hardness decreased with continuous exposure to carbonated beverages. There was no change in the chemical composition of the samples after exposure to different chemicals.
CONCLUSION
Although these changes are statistically significant, they do not have a significant effect on the result of aligner performance. Therefore, the only concern is the cariogenicity of orange juice and Cola during treatment with aligners and the administration of chlorhexidine mouthwash.
PubMed: 38952245
DOI: 10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2023.2022.176 -
Journal of Prosthodontics : Official... Jul 2024This article presents a digital technique to construct a virtual occlusion in the maximal intercuspal position (MIP), considering physiological tooth displacement and...
This article presents a digital technique to construct a virtual occlusion in the maximal intercuspal position (MIP), considering physiological tooth displacement and reducing intermesh penetrations between occlusal surfaces, in order to design more precise and accurate occlusal contacts of a posterior full crown.
PubMed: 38952164
DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13888