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BMC Oral Health Apr 2024This study examines the oral health benefits of heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-143, particularly its potential in oral microbiota alterations and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The impact of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-143 toothpaste on gingivitis and oral microbiota in adults: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
This study examines the oral health benefits of heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-143, particularly its potential in oral microbiota alterations and gingivitis improvement.
METHODS
We assessed GMNL-143's in vitro interactions with oral pathogens and its ability to prevent pathogen adherence to gingival cells. A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial was performed on gingivitis patients using GMNL-143 toothpaste or placebo for four weeks, followed by a crossover after a washout.
RESULTS
GMNL-143 showed coaggregation with oral pathogens in vitro, linked to its surface layer protein. In patients, GMNL-143 toothpaste lowered the gingival index and reduced Streptococcus mutans in crevicular fluid. A positive relationship was found between Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and gingival index changes, and a negative one between Campylobacter and gingival index changes in plaque.
CONCLUSION
GMNL-143 toothpaste may shift oral bacterial composition towards a healthier state, suggesting its potential in managing mild to moderate gingivitis.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ID NCT04190485 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ); 09/12/2019, retrospective registration.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Dental Plaque Index; Double-Blind Method; Gingivitis; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei; Microbiota; Retrospective Studies; Toothpastes; Cross-Over Studies
PubMed: 38643116
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04251-4 -
Operative Dentistry May 2024To evaluate the effect of various toothpaste tablets on gloss and surface roughness of resin-based composite.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effect of various toothpaste tablets on gloss and surface roughness of resin-based composite.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Sixty-four resin-based composite specimens were divided into four groups of 16 specimens each. Gloss and roughness were measured before and after simulated brushing with three types of toothpaste tablets and one conventional toothpaste: CT: Chewtab Toothpaste Tablets; AT: Anticavity Toothpaste Tablets; HC: Charcoal Toothpaste Tablets; CP: Cavity Protection toothpaste. The Kruskal-- Wallis procedure was performed to compare the differences by groups. Post-hoc comparisons were conducted with Bonferroni corrections (α=0.05).
RESULTS
There was a significant drop in gloss for all groups. CT and AT maintained the highest gloss with means of 81.6 GU and 74.1 GU, respectively. The lowest gloss of 24.5 GU was observed for HC. There was a significant increase in roughness for all groups except for CT. CT had the lowest roughness with a mean of 0.034 μm, while HC had the highest roughness with a mean of 0.074 μm. There was a significant correlation between post-brushing gloss and post-brushing roughness (p<0.001, r=-0.884).
CONCLUSION
Chewtab Toothpaste Tablets had the least effect on gloss and roughness, while Charcoal Toothpaste Tablets had the most negative effect on the surface properties of resin-based composites.
Topics: Toothpastes; Surface Properties; Composite Resins; Materials Testing; Humans; Tablets; Dental Materials; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 38632854
DOI: 10.2341/23-120-L -
PloS One 2024This in-vitro study aimed to analyse the effect of brushing and different brushing parameters (kind of toothpaste, kind of toothbrush, brushing force) on erosive tooth...
This in-vitro study aimed to analyse the effect of brushing and different brushing parameters (kind of toothpaste, kind of toothbrush, brushing force) on erosive tooth wear of primary bovine enamel and dentin. Specimens were prepared from primary bovine enamel or dentin (each group n = 12) and cyclically eroded (6 × 60 s/d, citric acid, pH 2.4) and brushed with children's toothbrushes (2 × 15 s/d) over 5 days. The brushing parameters under investigation were: toothpaste (fluoridated, fluoride-free), toothbrush (manual; rotating-oscillating and sonic, each at two different activation modes) and brushing force (1 N, 2 N). Specimens that were only eroded and not brushed served as controls. Enamel and dentin wear was quantified using widefield confocal microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using three- and one-way ANOVAs followed by Scheffe's (enamel) or Tamhane's (dentin) post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). Brushing with the fluoridated toothpaste was able to significantly reduce erosive wear in enamel (by 15 to 37%, 6 of 10 groups) and in dentin (by 58 to 72%, all groups), while brushing with the fluoride-free toothpaste was not different from the controls. Considering the kind of toothpaste and brushing force, slight differences between the toothbrushes were observed in enamel, but not in dentin. Within the same toothbrush and activation mode, almost no differences between 1 and 2 N brushing force were detected. In conclusion, erosive tooth wear on primary bovine dental hard tissue mainly depends on the kind of toothpaste, rather than on the kind of toothbrush and the brushing force.
Topics: Tooth Abrasion; Tooth Erosion; Tooth Wear; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes; Animals; Cattle; Dental Enamel; Dentin
PubMed: 38626124
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302261 -
British Dental Journal Apr 2024Royal patronage is not something new. Engraved images of British royalty were used by early toothpaste manufacturers, dentists and perfumiers to convey royal endorsement...
Royal patronage is not something new. Engraved images of British royalty were used by early toothpaste manufacturers, dentists and perfumiers to convey royal endorsement to boost their product sales in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Packaged in high-quality ceramic pots, these toothpastes and powders promoted cleaning, beautifying and preserving the teeth and gums. These fascinating containers, sealed with a transfer-printed lid, feature inventive designs and typefaces and highlight sophisticated manufacturing and marketing skills to entice consumers. Many have been re-discovered from the excavation of former rubbish tips and are often the only tangible evidence of long defunct businesses that elected to use this latest form of packaging.
Topics: Humans; Advertising; Ceramics; Commerce; Toothpastes; White People; United Kingdom
PubMed: 38609623
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7226-x -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2024Peri-implant disease and health are associated with microbial dental plaque. Therefore, oral hygiene plays a role in preventing and treating these diseases. This study... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Peri-implant disease and health are associated with microbial dental plaque. Therefore, oral hygiene plays a role in preventing and treating these diseases. This study aimed to determine the relationships among knowledge of peri-implant status, oral hygiene habits, and peri-implant disease and health.
METHODS
A total of 144 implants in nonsmokers with controlled systemic disease were included in the study. Peri-implant disease and the conditions of the implants were determined with periodontal indices and radiographs based on the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions and The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. Individuals were asked 66 questions regarding demographic information, oral hygiene habits and history, and knowledge of peri-implant diseases. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the three peri-implant disease and condition categories.
RESULTS
There was a significant difference between groups regarding toothpaste type (p < 0.05). Gum protection toothpaste was greater in the peri-implant health group. Patients' use of interdental products was very low; often, no products were used for implant prosthesis. There was no significant difference among the groups regarding oral hygiene product use or oral hygiene habits (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between groups regarding frequency of visit (p < 0.05). The frequency of visits to the dentist for pain was greater for individuals with peri-implantitis. There is a significant difference between the groups' answers for the causative and initiating factors of peri-implant disease (p < 0.05). The peri-implant health group answered that microbial dental plaque is the most crucial initiating factor of peri-implant diseases, and bleeding on probing is the most critical determinant of peri-implant diseases at a higher rate than the other groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients' oral hygiene habits and knowledge levels are almost similar according to peri-implant status. Knowledge does not reflect a patient's oral hygiene behavior. Clinicians should ensure that individuals' oral hygiene practices align with their increased awareness regarding peri-implant illnesses.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Oral Hygiene; Dental Implants; Dental Plaque; Toothpastes; Habits
PubMed: 38605356
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04211-y -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Mar 2024The study evaluated the influence of whitening dentifrice containing activated charcoal on microhardness (MH), surface roughness (Ra) and colorimetry of tooth enamel.
BACKGROUND
The study evaluated the influence of whitening dentifrice containing activated charcoal on microhardness (MH), surface roughness (Ra) and colorimetry of tooth enamel.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 60 healthy bovine incisor teeth were used and divided into: G1 (regular non-whitening toothpaste), G2 (conventional whitening toothpaste), G3 (activated charcoal based whitening toothpaste) and G4 (10% carbamide peroxide gel - PC10). Groups G1, G2 and G3 underwent simulated toothbrushing for 14 days, while G4 received bleaching treatment for the same time. The readings of MH, Ra and colorimetry were performed before any intervention (T0 - baseline) and at the end of 14 days of the proposed treatments (T1). After confirming the normality of the data, the results of MH, Ra and colorimetry were subjected to 2-factor ANOVA for repeated measures (α = 5%).
RESULTS
For MH, there were no statistical differences in G1, G2 and G3, only in G4. Considering Ra, a significant increase was observed in G2 and G3, with no statistical differences found in the other groups. Regarding colorimetry, the average color difference (ΔE) was greater in the G4 group (11.30 ± 4.31), even compared to the groups submitted to the whitening dentifrices: G2 (5.13 ± 2.75) and G3 (5.86 ± 3.66).
CONCLUSIONS
It was concluded that the use of a whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal caused deleterious effects on the enamel Ra, but did not affect the microhardness of the substrate, besides promoting a color change inferior to the regular non-bleaching toothpaste or PC10 gel. Whitening dentifrice, charcoal, roughness, microhardness.
PubMed: 38600939
DOI: 10.4317/jced.60785 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Mar 2024To investigate the effectiveness of a novel agent containing Nano Silver Fluoride 1500 (NSF 1500) and chitosan to inactivate carious lesions in children.
BACKGROUND
To investigate the effectiveness of a novel agent containing Nano Silver Fluoride 1500 (NSF 1500) and chitosan to inactivate carious lesions in children.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study included eighty children. While both groups had fluoride dentifrice applied to their teeth, only the experimental group received treatment with the NSF 1500-ppm solution. The first and sixth-month interval examinations were conducted by two calibrated dentists (k = 0.85).
RESULTS
The NSF 1500 group had 69.2% of their teeth with arrested decay, while the control group had 24.1%. The difference was statistically significant ( 0.001), with a preventive fraction of 59.4%. The number needed to treat (NNT) was approximately two. The NSF 1500 formulation was more effective than toothbrushing alone with fluoridated dentifrice in preventing dental caries.
CONCLUSIONS
The effectiveness of NSF 1500 is determined by the size and depth of the dental cavity. Its ability to arrest caries lesions was comparable to previously tested products, NSF 400 and NSF 600. Preventive dentistry, dental caries, nanoparticles.
PubMed: 38600926
DOI: 10.4317/jced.60776 -
Cureus Mar 2024Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) involves sensitive symptoms, because of exposure of the dentinal tubules. Various materials have been utilized to occlude dentinal tubules...
Evaluation and Comparison for the Efficacy of 810 nm Diode Laser, Nano Carbonate Apatite and Their Combination Over Dentinal Tubules Occlusion: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopic Study.
BACKGROUND
Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) involves sensitive symptoms, because of exposure of the dentinal tubules. Various materials have been utilized to occlude dentinal tubules for the treatment of DH. Here is a comparative evaluation of nano-carbonate apatite (n-CAP), diode laser, and their combination over the occlusion of dentinal tubules.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Ten intact first premolars were used in this study, out of which 40 dentin disk specimens were obtained by hard tissue microtomy. Four study groups were formulated out of which one was the control group and the remaining three were test groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done to evaluate the diameter of the dentinal tubules in each group.
RESULTS
On examining data, it was observed that the mean diameter of dentinal tubules in four study groups of control, laser, n-CAP, and n-CAP + laser was found to be 3.40, 2.00, 0.46, and 0.02 respectively. This shows the significant reduction in the diameter of dentinal tubules in the test groups when compared with the control group.
CONCLUSION
Among all the measures used to see for a reduction in the diameter of dentinal tubules, the combination group was found to be most occluding, though each of the groups also had a significant reduction in the diameter of dentinal tubules. The present study showed that combination therapy offers a promising means of treating DH in a clinical setting when compared with the treatment of DH n-CAP containing dentifrice or laser irradiation alone.
PubMed: 38586653
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55718 -
Journal of Dentistry Jun 2024To map and summarize the current scientific evidence concerning the active ingredients, effectiveness, and adverse effects of over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching products. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To map and summarize the current scientific evidence concerning the active ingredients, effectiveness, and adverse effects of over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching products.
DATA AND SOURCE
This study was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews and registered on the Open Science Framework platform.
STUDY SELECTION
Database searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus up to January 2024. All in vitro, in situ, and clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness and adverse effects of OTC bleaching products were included. A descriptive analysis of the included studies was performed.
RESULTS
A total of 88 studies were included. Most of them were in vitro studies (n = 49), followed by randomized clinical trials (n = 28). The main OTC bleaching products identified were whitening or stain-removing toothpastes (n = 42), followed by whitening strips (n = 39). Most clinical studies indicate that whitening strips are effective in improving tooth color and providing whitening benefits. In contrast, the bleaching effectiveness of toothpastes, mouth rinses and whitening trays was mainly supported by in vitro studies. The main adverse effects associated with OTC bleaching agents were tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation.
CONCLUSION
A wide variety of OTC bleaching products is available for consumer self-administered use. Clinical studies have mainly confirmed the bleaching effectiveness of whitening strips, while the validation for toothpastes, mouth rinses and whitening trays has mainly relied on in vitro studies. Nevertheless, the use of OTC bleaching products may result in adverse effects, including tooth sensitivity, gingival irritation, and enamel surface changes.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Some over-the-counter bleaching products may have whitening properties supported by clinical studies, particularly those containing hydrogen or carbamide peroxide. Nonetheless, clinicians must be aware of the potential risks associated with excessive self-administration of these products, which may result in adverse effects.
Topics: Humans; Carbamide Peroxide; Dentin Sensitivity; Hydrogen Peroxide; Mouthwashes; Nonprescription Drugs; Tooth Bleaching; Tooth Bleaching Agents; Tooth Discoloration; Toothpastes
PubMed: 38582435
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104989 -
Journal of Dentistry Jun 2024This study compared the protective effect of an experimental TiF/Chitosan toothpaste with a commercial toothpaste on the prevention of erosive tooth wear (ETW) in situ. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
This study compared the protective effect of an experimental TiF/Chitosan toothpaste with a commercial toothpaste on the prevention of erosive tooth wear (ETW) in situ.
METHODS
Fifteen subjects took part in this crossover and double-blind study, in which they wore a palatal appliance containing 4 bovine enamel and 4 dentin in 3 phases (5 days each). Half of the samples were subjected to erosive challenges (90 s in 0.1 % citric acid, pH 2.5, 4 times/day), and the other half to erosive plus abrasive challenges (15 s plus 45 s of contact, 2 times/day). The phases corresponded to the application of the different toothpastes: 1) TiF (1400 ppm F) plus Chitosan, 2) Elmex®, Erosion Protection (1400 ppm F, Chitosan), and 3) Placebo (negative control). Tooth wear was measured using contact profilometry (μm) and submitted to two-way RM ANOVA/Tukey test (p < 0.05).
RESULTS
No significant differences were detected between the experimental and commercial toothpastes, regardless of the challenge on both tissues. Both significantly reduce ETW compared to negative control (p < 0.0006). Tooth wear was increased by brushing only on eroded enamel (p < 0.01), but not on dentin (p = 0.6085). TiF/Chitosan [erosion 2.98 ± 1.12 μm vs. erosion and abrasion 3.12 ± 1.33 μm] and Elmex® toothpastes [erosion 2.35 ± 0.93 μm vs. erosion and abrasion 2.98 ± 1.0 μm] minimized the impact of brushing compared to placebo on enamel [erosion 4.62 ± 1.48 μm vs. erosion and abrasion 5.15 ± 1.50 μm].
CONCLUSIONS
TiF plus chitosan toothpastes showed to be effective in minimizing the ETW as the commercial toothpaste is in situ.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The experimental toothpaste has similar effect against ETW compared to the commercial toothpaste. Considering the increased ETW prevalence worldwide, this result supports clinical trials and a possible application of this experimental anti-erosive toothpaste in the future.
Topics: Chitosan; Tooth Erosion; Toothpastes; Animals; Dental Enamel; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Cattle; Dentin; Adult; Titanium; Fluorides; Tooth Abrasion; Young Adult; Female; Male; Citric Acid; Toothbrushing; Diamines
PubMed: 38582434
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104977