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Chronobiology International Jul 2024Shift work is a recognized work pattern for nurses worldwide. The disruption of shift workers' biological clocks usually leads to sleep disorders and affects their... (Review)
Review
Shift work is a recognized work pattern for nurses worldwide. The disruption of shift workers' biological clocks usually leads to sleep disorders and affects their awareness at work. Eveningness and occupational stress might be effective in causing burnout syndrome. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the chronotype, job burnout and perceived stress among Chinese tertiary hospital nurses, and understand the predictors of circadian rhythm in this group. Between July and September 2020, 23 hospitals were randomly selected from 113 tertiary hospitals in Hunan Province. Twenty-five percent of the nurses working in each hospital were targeted for selection. 28.1% and 17.6% of nurses reported eveningness type and morningness type, respectively. The scores for emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and perceived stress of eveningness nurses were higher than those of morningness counterparts. Eveningness nurses also reported a lower sense of personal accomplishment. Risk factors of eveningness included being under 30 years old, never exercising, having the stressors of late-night shifts and career development, higher levels of emotional exhaustion, sleep latency, sleep duration, and hypnotic use. Shifts may be unavoidable for nurses, nevertheless, understanding the predictors and related factors of chronotype for nurses is necessary for nursing educators and managers to develop a reasonable shift system and appropriate measures to assist nurses in adjusting their work.
PubMed: 38953516
DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2373224 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024Body image concerns related to breast cancer surgery may challenge patients' quality of life and their treatment outcomes, thus representing a key aspect to be assessed...
INTRODUCTION
Body image concerns related to breast cancer surgery may challenge patients' quality of life and their treatment outcomes, thus representing a key aspect to be assessed in the psycho-oncological settings. The present longitudinal study is aimed to (1) investigate the association between preoperative body image and postoperative psychological symptoms in breast cancer patients; (2) explore the impact of pre-/post-surgery variation in body image on psychological symptomatology.
METHODS
= 72 women undergoing breast cancer surgery were preoperatively screened (T1) using the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT) and were assessed postoperatively (T2) using the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R) and re-administered the BUT. Spearman's correlation was used to investigate the relationship between age, preoperative body image and postoperative psychological symptoms, and variation in body image. To predict post-surgical psychological symptomatology, two separated multiple regression models were used to evaluate preoperative body image and its variation after surgery controlling for covariates (i.e., education; intervention type). P significance was set as 0.05 for all analyses and adjusted for multiple comparisons.
RESULTS
At T1, anxiety in relation to body image scores emerged as the most frequently experienced psychological symptomatology after surgery (all adjusted < 0.05). Significant correlations were observed between all SCL-90-R scores at T2 and avoidance behaviors and depersonalization scores at T1. The associations were most significantly strong for somatization, depression, anxiety, and hostility (all adjusted < 0.05). However, change in body image between pre- and post-intervention was not associated with psychological symptomatology at T2 (all adjusted > 0.05). Pre-surgery body avoidance was significantly associated with post-intervention psychological symptoms (SOMβ = 0.453, = 0.0001; DEPβ = 0.507, = 0.0001; AXβ = 0.459, = 0.0001; HOSβ = 0.410, =. 0001). However, increased weight phobia between pre- and post-surgery was statistically associated with increased somatization, anxiety, depression and hostility at T2 (βSOM = 0.439, = 0.0001; βDEP = 0.454, = 0.0001; βANX = 0.471, = 0.0001).
DISCUSSION
Overall, pre-/post-intervention body concerns were significantly associated with primary psychological symptoms in breast cancer patients undergoing surgery. Higher levels of body avoidance and weight phobia were significantly associated with the primary psychological dimensions assessed. As body concerns might act as quality-of-life predictors, their evaluation is crucial in fostering patients' well-being and treatment adherence.
PubMed: 38952834
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1409538 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Jun 2024Depersonalisation-derealisation disorder (DDD) is characterised by distressing experiences of separation from oneself and/or one's surroundings, potentially resulting... (Review)
Review
Depersonalisation-derealisation disorder (DDD) is characterised by distressing experiences of separation from oneself and/or one's surroundings, potentially resulting from alterations in affective, cognitive, and physiological functions. This systematic review aimed to synthesise current experimental evidence of relevance to proposed mechanisms underlying DDD, to appraise existing theoretical models, and to inform future research and theoretical developments. Studies were included if they tested explicit hypotheses in DDD samples, with experimental manipulations of at least one independent variable, alongside behavioural, subjective, neurological, affective and/or physiological dependent variables. Some evidence for diminished subjective responsivity to aversive images and sounds, and hyperactivation in neurocircuits associated with emotional regulation when viewing aversive images emerged, corroborating neurobiological models of DDD. Inconsistencies were present regarding behavioural and autonomic responsivity to facial expressions, emotional memory, and self-referential processing. Common confounds included small sample sizes, medication, and comorbidities. Alterations in affective reactivity and regulation appear to be present in DDD; however, further research employing more rigorous research designs is required to provide stronger evidence for these possible mechanisms.
PubMed: 38944228
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105783 -
Physiotherapy Feb 2024Work-related burnout is a significant concern amongst healthcare professionals, including physiotherapists. It can negatively impact on both staff well-being and the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Work-related burnout is a significant concern amongst healthcare professionals, including physiotherapists. It can negatively impact on both staff well-being and the quality of care delivered to patients.
OBJECTIVES
To estimate the prevalence of burnout among physiotherapists.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and PsycINFO, from inception to February 1st, 2022.
STUDY SELECTION OR ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Studies reporting burnout prevalence among physiotherapists.
DATA EXTRACTION AND DATA SYNTHESIS
Prevalence of burnout. Sub-analyses were performed grouping studies based on countries where surveys were conducted, classified as developed or developing countries. The risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
RESULTS
32 studies were included in the systematic review and 31 in the meta-analysis, enrolling a total of 5984 physiotherapists from 17 countries. Pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of burnout was 8% (4-15). Prevalence figures for Maslach Burnout Inventory dimensions were: (i) emotional exhaustion, 27% (21-34) (ii) depersonalization, 23% (15-32) (iii) low personal accomplishment, 25% (15-40). Both overall and single components prevalence was higher, although not significantly, in studies from developing than in developed countries.
LIMITATIONS
Tools used to assess burnout and cut-off scores chosen to identify the burnout prevalence differed across studies.
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS
Prevalence of burnout reported by physiotherapists appears high worldwide, in particular in developing countries, and compares with that reported by nurses and physicians. Substantial heterogeneity in the prevalence of burnout, in its definition and assessment methods across studies, and limited quality of most studies precludes drawing definitive conclusions.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER
PROSPERO CRD42022307876 CONTRIBUTION OF THE PAPER.
PubMed: 38943718
DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2024.01.007 -
BMC Psychiatry Jun 2024Burnout syndrome attributable to cumulative stressors is highly prevalent among teachers. Despite this, knowledge of burnout syndrome among schoolteachers in...
BACKGROUND
Burnout syndrome attributable to cumulative stressors is highly prevalent among teachers. Despite this, knowledge of burnout syndrome among schoolteachers in lower-middle-income countries are limited, therefore we aimed to investigate self-reported occupational burnout syndrome and associated factors among schoolteachers in Nepal.
METHODS
A survey was conducted among randomly selected 37 community schools in Kathmandu, Nepal in 2022, with a total sample of 218 schoolteachers (70% male). Occupational burnout was assessed using the Nepali version of the validated Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-ES). MBI-ES consists of 22 items assessing occupational burnout, which were classified into emotional exhaustion (EE, 9 items, score range: 0-45), depersonalization (DP, 5 items, 0-23), and personal accomplishment (PA, 8 items; 3-48). The greater score in EE and DP and the lower score in PA indicate a higher level of burnout. Various socio-demographic, lifestyle, and work-related factors were examined as determinants of occupational burnout using ANOVA and multivariable linear regression models.
RESULTS
The mean scores of EE, DP, and PA were 14.99 (Standard Deviation, SD = 9.79), 4.18 (SD = 4.57), and 42.11 (SD = 6.82) respectively. Poor/moderate work ability contributed to poorer ratings of all three dimensions. Teaching special needs students contributed to EE and DP, whereas low physical activity and alcohol intake were associated with PA only. Younger age, being married, language of teaching, having a disability, sub-optimal physical fitness, poor sleep quality, and ever smoking contributed to EE only.
CONCLUSION
Occupational burnout among schoolteachers was relatively high. Marital status, lifestyle behavioral, and work-related factors were associated especially with EE and workability was a strong determinant of all three dimensions.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT05626543.
Topics: Humans; Male; Burnout, Professional; Nepal; School Teachers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Female; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38937696
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05923-9 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jun 2024: There is limited evidence on the association between psychological distress, academic stress, and burnout among Saudi nursing students. Clarifying such an association...
: There is limited evidence on the association between psychological distress, academic stress, and burnout among Saudi nursing students. Clarifying such an association is crucial to understanding the factors associated with psychological distress and developing interventions to prevent it. To explore the prevalence and association of psychological distress with academic stress and burnout among Saudi nursing students. : A cross-sectional design was used, and 237 students participated from a nursing college in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Students' demographics; the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; the Academic Stress Inventory; and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used for data collection. : Most of the participants reported no-to-mild depression, anxiety, and stress. Stress related to studying in groups, time management, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment were the significant predictors of psychological distress, explaining 52.1% of the variance. : This study suggest implementing tailored mental health screenings and support services for nursing students, embedding mental health professionals in the program, and using telehealth or mobile apps for remote monitoring to ensure comprehensive care for nursing students. Future research should consider these predictors while designing strategies to decrease psychological distress among students.
PubMed: 38929886
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123357 -
The Journal of ECT Jun 2024
PubMed: 38924464
DOI: 10.1097/YCT.0000000000001008 -
Nursing Reports (Pavia, Italy) Jun 2024Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) refers to the situation where there is a mismatch between the effort that healthcare workers (HCWs) put into their work and the rewards...
BACKGROUND
Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) refers to the situation where there is a mismatch between the effort that healthcare workers (HCWs) put into their work and the rewards they receive in return. Burnout, on the other hand, is a psychological syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. This study aimed to assess the impact of ERI and burnout on the compliance with standard precautions (SPs) among nurses and midwives in Lebanese hospitals under the economic crisis and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
Cross-sectional correlational study, based on self-administered questionnaire data, measuring the compliance with SPs, ERI, and burnout, in addition to the relationship between these factors, was performed among 409 nurses and midwives, working in Lebanese hospitals.
RESULTS
ERI was significantly associated with exposure to burnout among nurses and midwives, and burnout was found to be a significant predictor of nurses and midwives' self-reported adherence with SPs.
CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights the contribution of ERI and burnout to the chain of infection by decreased adherence to infection control SPs of nurses and midwives.
PubMed: 38921721
DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14020111 -
Psychology Research and Behavior... 2024Dissociation is a necessary part of our threat response system, common to all animal species, normally temporarily activated under conditions of extreme or inescapable... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Dissociation is a necessary part of our threat response system, common to all animal species, normally temporarily activated under conditions of extreme or inescapable threat. Pathological dissociation, however, continues to occur after the initial threat has passed, in response to reminders or inaccessibility of safety and security. Present across the spectrum of psychiatric diagnoses, recurrent dissociative symptoms are linked to severe trauma exposure, insecure attachment, treatment non-response, and maladaptive coping behaviors such as substance use, suicidality, and self-harm. However, empirical studies testing treatments specific to dissociative processes remain scarce. This narrative review summarizes existing studies and provides theoretical, neurobiological, and evolutionary perspectives on dissociative processes and treatments for pathological dissociation.
METHODS
A systematic search of five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL plus, Scopus) was conducted on April 13, 2023. Peer-reviewed clinical studies with adult participants, assessing intervention effects on dissociative symptoms, were included. Results were thematically analyzed and summarized.
RESULTS
Sixty-nine studies were identified, mainly focused on posttraumatic stress disorder, trauma-exposed populations, and borderline personality disorder. Psychotherapy was studied in 72.5% of studies; other interventions included medications and neurostimulation. The majority reported positive outcomes, despite the heterogeneous spectrum of interventions. However, treatment of dissociative symptoms was the primary objective in only a minority.
CONCLUSION
Pathological dissociation is a complex phenomenon involving brain and body systems designed for perceiving and responding to severe threats, requiring an individualized approach. A literature is emerging regarding potentially evidence-based treatments to help those impacted by recurrent dissociative symptoms. When contextualized within a neurobiological and evolutionary perspective, these treatments can be understood as facilitating an internal and/or relational sense of safety, resulting in symptom reduction. Further studies are needed to explore effective treatments for dissociative symptoms.
PubMed: 38912158
DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S402456 -
Journal of Anesthesia, Analgesia and... Jun 2024Burnout is a maladaptive response to chronic stress, particularly prevalent among clinicians. Anesthesiologists are at risk of burnout, but the role of maladaptive...
BACKGROUND
Burnout is a maladaptive response to chronic stress, particularly prevalent among clinicians. Anesthesiologists are at risk of burnout, but the role of maladaptive traits in their vulnerability to burnout remains understudied.
METHODS
A secondary analysis was performed on data from the Italian Association of Hospital Anesthesiologists, Pain Medicine Specialists, Critical Care, and Emergency (AAROI-EMAC) physicians. The survey included demographic data, burnout assessment using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and subscales (emotional exhaustion, MBI-EE; depersonalization, MBI-DP; personal accomplishment, MBI-PA), and evaluation of personality disorders (PDs) based on DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition) criteria using the assessment of DSM-IV PDs (ADP-IV). We investigated the aggregated scores of maladaptive personality traits as predictor variables of burnout. Subsequently, the components of personality traits were individually assessed.
RESULTS
Out of 310 respondents, 300 (96.77%) provided complete information. The maladaptive personality traits global score was associated with the MBI-EE and MBI-DP components. There was a significant negative correlation with the MBI-PA component. Significant positive correlations were found between the MBI-EE subscale and the paranoid (r = 0.42), borderline (r = 0.39), and dependent (r = 0.39) maladaptive personality traits. MBI-DP was significantly associated with the passive-aggressive (r = 0.35), borderline (r = 0.33), and avoidant (r = 0.32) traits. Moreover, MBI-PA was negatively associated with dependent (r = - 0.26) and avoidant (r = - 0.25) maladaptive personality features.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a significant association between different maladaptive personality traits and the risk of experiencing burnout among anesthesiologists. This underscores the importance of understanding and addressing personality traits in healthcare professionals to promote their well-being and prevent this serious emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion state.
PubMed: 38907360
DOI: 10.1186/s44158-024-00171-5