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Skin Research and Technology : Official... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Dermoscopy; Sporotrichosis; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Male; Sporothrix; Female
PubMed: 38809586
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13775 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2024The epidemiology of psoriasis and cutaneous mycoses is scarce in Brazil. Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the distribution of these diseases in...
The epidemiology of psoriasis and cutaneous mycoses is scarce in Brazil. Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the distribution of these diseases in Paraná. Data was obtained from the Outpatient Information System (SIA - Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais), between 2016 and 2020. The procedures were filtered by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). A total of 201,161 outpatient procedures were registered for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. The distribution concerning gender was similar (50.93% feminine; 49.07% masculine). The mean age was 51.55 years. The most frequent procedure was methotrexate dispensing (23.17%), followed by acitretin (14.29%) and adalimumab (12.55%). Adjusting to total population, the prevalence of procedures was 0.35%. Regarding cutaneous mycoses, 1,756 procedures were registered. 65% of them referred to females. White race/color was predominant (82.97%). The mean age was 37.6 years. The distribution concerning age varied according to the type of mycosis. Medical appointments (48.92%) and surgical pathology exam/biopsy (38.71%) were the most frequent procedures. The prevalence of procedures was 0.004%. This is the first epidemiological study using SIA about the population affected by psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and cutaneous mycoses in a Brazilian state. We believe that these findings allow relevant contribution to science and public policies in Brazil.
Topics: Humans; Brazil; Male; Female; Psoriasis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Adult; Dermatomycoses; Young Adult; Adolescent; Aged; Sex Distribution; Age Distribution; Child
PubMed: 38808876
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230828 -
Open Veterinary Journal Apr 2024Dermatophytosis is a contagious fungal infection that affects mainly cats. It poses significant challenges in veterinary medicine due to its zoonotic potential and...
BACKGROUND
Dermatophytosis is a contagious fungal infection that affects mainly cats. It poses significant challenges in veterinary medicine due to its zoonotic potential and impact on animal and public health. Rapid and reliable diagnosis is crucial for preventing the spread of the disease, guiding treatment decisions, and monitoring disease control efforts. Although there are several studies on diagnostic methods in feline dermatophytosis, the comparison between them from the same sample lacks data. The absence of a universally accepted gold standard diagnostic method highlights the need for a multifaceted approach to diagnosing feline dermatophytosis.
AIM
This study aims to assess the accuracy and efficacy of different diagnostic techniques comprehensively.
METHODS
For this, 48 samples of cats were analyzed by dermoscopy, direct hair examination, fungal culture using various media (Mycosel, Sabouraud, and Dermatophyte Test Medium), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
RESULTS
Direct examination and dermoscopy yielded unsatisfactory results. Mycosel and Sabouraud were suboptimal. DTM demonstrated superior selectivity, making it the most reliable among traditional methods. PCR was the top performer, exhibiting singular sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.
CONCLUSION
The study suggests that PCR may be the preferred choice for diagnosing feline dermatophytosis in clinical practice, especially when rapid and accurate results are essential.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Cat Diseases; Tinea; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Dermoscopy; Dermatomycoses
PubMed: 38808284
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i4.14 -
International Journal of Medicinal... 2024Brazil-grown outdoor-cultivated Agaricus brasiliensis KA21 fruiting body (KA21) significantly increases the production of serum anti-beta-glucan antibody. Therefore,...
Brazil-grown outdoor-cultivated Agaricus brasiliensis KA21 fruiting body (KA21) significantly increases the production of serum anti-beta-glucan antibody. Therefore, KA21 ingestion may be useful for the prevention and alleviation of fungal infections. This study aimed to determine the effects of KA21 in fungal infections in animals. KA21 was administered to nine dogs infected with Malassezia. Notably, the anti-beta-glucan antibody titer remained unchanged or tended to decrease in the oral steroid arm, whereas in the non-steroid arm, antibody titer increased in almost all animals after KA21 ingestion. Dogs showing improved clinical symptoms exhibited increased anti-beta-glucan antibody titers. The results of this study suggest that KA21 ingestion may alleviate the symptoms of Malassezia and other fungal infections and that continuous ingestion may help prolong recurrence-free intervals. Additionally, the ingestion of KA21 during oral steroid dosage reduction or discontinuation may enable smoother steroid withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Agaricus; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal; Malassezia; Dog Diseases; Dermatomycoses; beta-Glucans; Male; Brazil; Dermatitis; Female; Antibodies, Fungal
PubMed: 38801085
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2024053187 -
Archives of Dermatological Research May 2024
Topics: Humans; United States; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Male; Tinea; Adult; Middle Aged; Cost of Illness; Aged; Young Adult; Adolescent; Sociodemographic Factors; Emergency Room Visits
PubMed: 38795122
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02980-8 -
Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii Apr 2024Superficial mycosis is one of the most common diseases worldwide; however, its epidemiology is changing over time.
INTRODUCTION
Superficial mycosis is one of the most common diseases worldwide; however, its epidemiology is changing over time.
AIM
To present the awareness of people using swimming pools about athlete's foot and onychomycosis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 690 participants were subjected to an extensive survey administered via Google Documents. The questionnaire consisted of 30 online polling items and aimed to evaluate respondents' knowledge pertaining to fungal infections, encompassing aspects such as prevention strategies, disease trajectory, and therapeutic modalities. The survey sample specifically encompassed students and sports enthusiasts associated with 33 Internet groups, and data collection transpired during the period spanning 12 January to 15 March, 2018, predating the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic.
RESULTS
In the study, 85.2% of participants regularly inspected their feet, with 4.8% seeking podiatric services. While 75.2% demonstrated hygienic behaviour by changing towels after each pool visit, 41.4% acknowledged sharing nail tools. Notably, 75.7% preferred professional assistance for symptoms, with 24.3% opting for home remedies. Gender disparities were evident, with women showing significantly better hygiene practices and pool usage than men ( < 0.001). Women also exhibited a stronger tendency to disinfect grooming tools and prioritise sterility during beautician services ( < 0.001). These findings emphasise the importance of gender-specific health behaviour analysis in promoting preventive measures.
CONCLUSIONS
The study highlights onychomycosis as a significant societal concern. Pre-COVID-19, awareness among municipal swimming pool users regarding prevention, symptoms, and treatment of athlete's foot and onychomycosis was insufficient.
PubMed: 38784926
DOI: 10.5114/ada.2024.136083 -
Mycoses May 2024Dermatophytosis is a common and major public health concern worldwide. Despite the increasing availability of antifungal drugs, relapses and untreated cases of...
BACKGROUND
Dermatophytosis is a common and major public health concern worldwide. Despite the increasing availability of antifungal drugs, relapses and untreated cases of dermatophyte infections are reported. Therefore, novel antifungal agents are required. Aminopyrrolnitrin (APRN) shows promise for dermatophytosis treatment because of its antifungal activity.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess the antifungal properties of APRN against Trichophyton verrucosum (T. verrucosum), in both laboratory settings and a guinea pig model.
METHODS
The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of APRN and enilconazole against T. verrucosum were determined according to the CLSI M38 method. The skins of 16 male guinea pigs were infected with 1.0 × 10 conidia of T. verrucosum and the animals were grouped into sets of four: negative control group (NC) received normal saline; positive control group (PC) received 2 μg/mL of enilconazole; and APRN4 and APRN8 received 4 and 8 μg/mL of APRN, respectively. Clinical, mycological and histological efficacies were measured after 10 days.
RESULTS
The MIC of APRN and enilconazole against T. verrucosum was 4 and 2 μg/mL, respectively. The clinical scores of PC, APRN4, and APRN8 were significantly lower than those of NC. Clinical and mycological efficacies were higher for APRN8, APRN4 and PC. No fungi were observed in the skin tissues of APRN4 and APRN8, while fungi were observed in 50% of the PC.
CONCLUSION
APRN showed antifungal activity against T. verrucosum in vitro and in vivo and is a potential candidate for the treatment of dermatophytosis.
Topics: Animals; Guinea Pigs; Antifungal Agents; Trichophyton; Tinea; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Disease Models, Animal; Skin
PubMed: 38783563
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13748 -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2024Lagenidium deciduum is an oomycete that can cause infections in mammals that present similarly to pythiosis and mucormycosis. Most of the existing case reports have...
BACKGROUND
Lagenidium deciduum is an oomycete that can cause infections in mammals that present similarly to pythiosis and mucormycosis. Most of the existing case reports have occurred in canines and have been fatal. In animals, medical therapy has not been successful, so surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. Lagenidium sp. infections in humans are rare. There is only one case of a human Lagenidium sp. infection in the literature, and it presented as an ocular infection. The human ocular infection was resistant to medical therapy and required a penetrating keratoplasty for cure. Additional reports of effective therapy are needed to guide management of this emerging pathogen. We present the first case of a cutaneous Lagenidium deciduum infection in a human patient, which is also the first documented case of a Lagenidium deciduum infection in an immunocompromised host of any species.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 18-year-old female with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia, awaiting a haploidentical stem cell transplant, presented with erythematous cutaneous lesions on her left hip and bilateral buttocks that enlarged and blackened over several days. About 1 week later, boil-like lesions appeared on her bilateral buttocks. The skin lesions were initially presumed to be bacterial in origin, so the patient was treated with clindamycin and cefepime with little improvement. Upon further investigation, fungal cultures and skin biopsies revealed aseptate hyphae, so the patient was switched to isavuconazole and amphotericin B due to concern for mucormycosis. Phenotypic characterization and DNA sequencing were performed by the Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, which identified the causal fungal organism as Lagenidium deciduum. All of her cutaneous lesions were surgically excised, and the patient was treated with micafungin, terbinafine, doxycycline, and azithromycin. Micafungin and terbinafine were continued until she achieved engraftment post-transplant.
CONCLUSIONS
We report the first successful treatment of a human Lagenidium infection in an immunocompromised host through a combination of aggressive surgical excision and prolonged antifungal therapy during the prolonged neutropenia associated with allogeneic stem cell transplant. Prompt diagnosis and management may prevent disseminated oomycosis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Antifungal Agents; Adolescent; Lagenidium; Dermatomycoses; Immunocompromised Host
PubMed: 38778275
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09281-5 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2024and , both of which are opportunistic pathogens, have been proved to be possible multidrug resistant. However, are all recurring symptoms in chronic infections related...
and , both of which are opportunistic pathogens, have been proved to be possible multidrug resistant. However, are all recurring symptoms in chronic infections related to decreasing susceptibility? Here we report a case of sporotrichosis secondary to infection. In addition, we find that the blackish-red spots under the dermoscopic view can be employed as a signal for the early identification and regression of subcutaneous fungal infection.
Topics: Sporothrix; Sporotrichosis; Humans; Mycobacterium chelonae; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Male; Coinfection
PubMed: 38764403
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2358073 -
Journal of Clinical Immunology May 2024Autosomal recessive CARD9 deficiency can underly deep and superficial fungal diseases. We identified two Japanese patients, suffering from superficial and invasive...
Autosomal recessive CARD9 deficiency can underly deep and superficial fungal diseases. We identified two Japanese patients, suffering from superficial and invasive Candida albicans diseases, carrying biallelic variants of CARD9. Both patients, in addition to another Japanese and two Korean patients who were previously reported, carried the c.820dup CARD9 variant, either in the homozygous (two patients) or heterozygous (three patients) state. The other CARD9 alleles were c.104G > A, c.1534C > T and c.1558del. The c.820dup CARD9 variant has thus been reported, in the homozygous or heterozygous state, in patients originating from China, Japan, or South Korea. The Japanese, Korean, and Chinese patients share a 10 Kb haplotype encompassing the c.820dup CARD9 variant. This variant thus originates from a common ancestor, estimated to have lived less than 4,000 years ago. While phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora spp. was common in the Chinese patients, none of the five patients in our study displayed Phialophora spp.-induced disease. This difference between Chinese and our patients probably results from environmental factors. (161/250).
Topics: Humans; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Founder Effect; Male; Female; Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous; Haplotypes; Mutation; Asia, Eastern; Alleles; Candida albicans; Adult; Pedigree; Asian People
PubMed: 38758287
DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01724-7