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Journal of Animal Science Jan 2024Halitosis in dogs is an initial indication of periodontitis, highlighting its significance as a vital marker for underlying problems. Moreover, the oral microbial...
Halitosis in dogs is an initial indication of periodontitis, highlighting its significance as a vital marker for underlying problems. Moreover, the oral microbial population has a significant influence on periodontal disease. Measuring the oral microbiota may be used in addition to breath odor, dental plaque, and gingivitis scoring to assess the impact of dental chews on oral health. In this study, we aimed to determine the differences in breath odor, oral health outcomes, and oral microbiota of adult dogs consuming a novel dental chew compared with control dogs consuming only a diet. Twelve healthy adult female beagle dogs were used in a crossover design study. Treatments (n = 12/group) included: diet only (control) or the diet + a novel dental chew. Each day, one chew was provided 4 h after mealtime. On days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 27, breath samples were analyzed for total volatile sulfur compound concentrations using a halimeter. On day 0 of each period, teeth were cleaned by a veterinary dentist blinded to treatments. Teeth were scored for plaque, calculus, and gingivitis by the same veterinary dentist on day 28 of each period. After scoring, subgingival and supragingival plaque samples were collected for microbiota analysis using Illumina MiSeq. All data were analyzed using SAS (version 9.4) using the Mixed Models procedure, with P < 0.05 being significant. Overall, the dental chews were well accepted. Dogs consuming the dental chews had lower calculus coverage, thickness, and scores, lower gingivitis scores, and less pocket bleeding than control dogs. Breath volatile sulfur compounds were lower in dogs consuming the dental chews. Bacterial alpha-diversity analysis demonstrated that control dogs had higher bacterial richness than dogs fed dental chews. Bacterial beta-diversity analysis demonstrated that samples clustered based on treatment. In subgingival and supragingival plaque, control dogs had higher relative abundances of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Pelistega, Desulfovibrio, Desulfomicrobium, Fretibacterium, Helcococcus, and Treponema) and lower relative abundances of genera associated with oral health (Neisseria, Actinomyces, and Corynebacterium). Our results suggest that the dental chew tested in this study may aid in reducing periodontal disease risk in dogs by beneficially shifting the microbiota population and inhabiting plaque buildup.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Female; Halitosis; Gingivitis; Periodontal Diseases; Bacteria; Sulfur Compounds; Microbiota; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Calculi; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 38477668
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae071 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Seasonal environmental shifts and improper eating habits are the important causes of diarrhea in children and growing animals. Whether adjusting feeding time at varying...
Seasonal environmental shifts and improper eating habits are the important causes of diarrhea in children and growing animals. Whether adjusting feeding time at varying temperatures can modify cecal bacterial structure and improve diarrhea remains unknown. Three batches growing rabbits with two groups per batch were raised under different feeding regimens (fed at daytime vs. nighttime) in spring, summer and winter separately, and contents were collected at six time points in 1 day and used 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the effects of feeding regimens and season on the composition and circadian rhythms of cecum bacteria. Randomized forest regression screened 12 genera that were significantly associated with seasonal ambient temperature changes. Nighttime feeding reduced the abundance of the conditionally pathogenic bacteria and in summer and in winter. And also increases the circadian rhythmic Amplicon Sequence Variants in the cecum, enhancing the rhythm of bacterial metabolic activity. This rhythmic metabolic profile of cecum bacteria may be conducive to the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the host cecum. In addition, this study has identified 9 genera that were affected by the combination of seasons and feeding time. In general, we found that seasons and feeding time and their combinations affect cecum composition and circadian rhythms, and that daytime feeding during summer and winter disrupts the balance of cecum bacteria of growing rabbits, which may adversely affect cecum health and induce diarrhea risk.
PubMed: 38476945
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1344992 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Mar 2024The gut microbiota is highly symbiotic with the host, and the microbiota and its metabolites are essential for regulating host health and physiological functions. , as a...
The gut microbiota is highly symbiotic with the host, and the microbiota and its metabolites are essential for regulating host health and physiological functions. , as a feed additive, can improve animal immunity. However, the effects of root powder on the rumen microbiota and their metabolites in lambs are not apparent. In this study, thirty healthy Hu sheep lambs with similar body weights (17.42 ± 2.02 kg) were randomly selected for the feeding experiment. Lambs were fed diets supplemented with 0.3% root powder, and the rumen microbiota density and metabolome were measured to determine the effects of on the health of lambs in the rumen. The results showed that the relative abundance of (), (), (), and () in the rumen was increased in the group ( < 0.01), and metabolic profiling showed that the metabolites, such as L-lyrosine and L-leucine, were upregulated in the group ( < 0.01). KEGG functional annotation revealed that upregulated metabolites were mainly enriched in the pathways of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and bile secretion in the group, and downregulated metabolites were enriched in the pathways of methane metabolism and other pathways. Correlation analysis revealed that butyric acid was positively correlated with and ( < 0.05) and negatively correlated with ( < 0.05). Thus, by analyzing the interactions of root powder with the density of rumen microorganisms and their metabolites in lambs, it was shown that root powder could improve the structure of rumen microbiota and their metabolites and then participate in the regulation of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, immune metabolism, and other pathways to improve the efficiency of energy absorption of the lambs.
PubMed: 38473173
DOI: 10.3390/ani14050788 -
Analytical Chemistry Mar 2024Protein film electrochemistry is a technique in which an enzyme is immobilized on an electrode in a configuration that allows following the changes in turnover frequency...
Protein film electrochemistry is a technique in which an enzyme is immobilized on an electrode in a configuration that allows following the changes in turnover frequency as a response to changes in the experimental conditions. Insights into the reactivity of the enzyme can be obtained by quantitatively modeling such responses. As a consequence, the more the technique allows flexibility in changing conditions, the more useful it becomes. The most commonly used setup, based on the rotating disc electrode, allows easy stepwise increases in the concentration of nongaseous substrates, or exposure to constant concentration of dissolved gas, but does not permit to easily decrease the concentration of nongaseous substrates, or to change the concentration of dissolved gas in a stepwise fashion. To overcome the limitation by mass transport of the substrate toward the electrode when working with fast enzymes, we have designed another kind of electrochemical cell based on the wall-tube electrode (WTE). We demonstrate here that by using a system combining two syringe pumps, a commercial mixer, and the WTE, it is possible to change the concentration of species in a stepwise fashion in all directions, opening new possibilities to study redox enzymes. As a proof of concept, this device was applied to the study of the electrochemical response of the cytochrome nitrite reductase of .
Topics: Electrochemistry; Proteins; Oxidation-Reduction; Electrodes
PubMed: 38466774
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05293 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis Feb 2024The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the immunomodulatory and protumorigenic microenvironment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the effect of ginsenoside Rk3...
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the immunomodulatory and protumorigenic microenvironment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the effect of ginsenoside Rk3 (Rk3) on CRC and gut microbiota remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the potential effect of Rk3 on CRC from the perspective of gut microbiota and immune regulation. Our results reveal that treatment with Rk3 significantly suppresses the formation of colon tumors, repairs intestinal barrier damage, and regulates the gut microbiota imbalance caused by CRC, including enrichment of probiotics such as and , and clearance of pathogenic . Subsequent metabolomics data demonstrate that Rk3 can modulate the metabolism of amino acids and bile acids, particularly by upregulating glutamine, which has the potential to regulate the immune response. Furthermore, we elucidate the regulatory effects of Rk3 on chemokines and inflammatory factors associated with group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) and T helper 17 (Th17) signaling pathways, which inhibits the hyperactivation of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK-STAT3) signaling pathway. These results indicate that Rk3 modulates gut microbiota, regulates ILC3s immune response, and inhibits the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway to suppress the development of colon tumors. More importantly, the results of fecal microbiota transplantation suggest that the inhibitory effect of Rk3 on colon tumors and its regulation of ILC3 immune responses are mediated by the gut microbiota. In summary, these findings emphasize that Rk3 can be utilized as a regulator of the gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
PubMed: 38464791
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.010 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Hildenborough is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the sulfate-reducing bacteria that exhibits highly versatile metabolism. By switching from one energy...
INTRODUCTION
Hildenborough is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the sulfate-reducing bacteria that exhibits highly versatile metabolism. By switching from one energy mode to another depending on nutrients availability in the environments" it plays a central role in shaping ecosystems. Despite intensive efforts to study energy metabolism at the genomic, biochemical and ecological level, bioenergetics in this microorganism remain far from being fully understood. Alternatively, metabolic modeling is a powerful tool to understand bioenergetics. However, all the current models for appeared to be not easily adaptable to various environmental conditions.
METHODS
To lift off these limitations, here we constructed a novel transparent and robust metabolic model to explain bioenergetics by combining whole-cell proteomic analysis with modeling approaches (Flux Balance Analysis).
RESULTS
The iDvu71 model showed over 0.95 correlation with experimental data. Further simulations allowed a detailed description of metabolism in various conditions of growth. Altogether, the simulations run in this study highlighted the sulfate-to-lactate consumption ratio as a pivotal factor in energy metabolism.
DISCUSSION
In particular, the impact on the hydrogen/formate balance and biomass synthesis is discussed. Overall, this study provides a novel insight into metabolic flexibility.
PubMed: 38463485
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1336360 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in humans and animals, which is very important for health. TCM affects the body 's immunity and changes in intestinal...
BACKGROUND
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in humans and animals, which is very important for health. TCM affects the body 's immunity and changes in intestinal flora. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Hong-bailanshen (HBLS) supplementation in horses on serum biochemical profile, antioxidant enzymes and gut microbiota.
METHODS
In this study, five horses were selected. On day 0, 14, 28, blood samples and feces were collected on days 0, 14, and 28 to analyse gut microbiota, serum biochemical and redox indexes.
RESULTS
The results showed that the addition of HBLS to horse diets significantly decreased the level of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and malondialdehyde ( < 0.05, < 0.01) and significantly increased the activity of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and catalase ( < 0.05, < 0.01). Compared with day 14, the levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase were significantly decreased; however, the level of catalase was significantly increased in the horses continuously fed with HBLS for 28 days ( < 0.05, < 0.01). Alpha diversity analysis was performed that chao1 ( < 0.05), observed_specicies, faith'pd and goods_coverage upregulated in the horses fed HBLS. A total of 24 differential genera were detected adding HBLS to diet increased the abundance of and , while reduced and ( < 0.05, < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Adding HBLS to the diet could be a potentially effective strategy to improve horses' health.
PubMed: 38444806
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1327210 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Apr 2024Pharmaceutical wastewater is recognized for its heightened concentrations of organic pollutants, and biological treatment stands out as an effective technology to remove...
Deciphering the core bacterial community structure and function and their response to environmental factors in activated sludge from pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants.
Pharmaceutical wastewater is recognized for its heightened concentrations of organic pollutants, and biological treatment stands out as an effective technology to remove these organic pollution. Therefore, a comprehensive exploration of core bacterial community compositions, functions, and their responses to environmental factors in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants (PWWTPs) is important for understanding the removal mechanism of these organic pollutants. This study comprehensively investigated 36 activated sludge (AS) samples from 15 PWWTPs in China. The results revealed that Proteobacteria (45.41%) was the dominant phylum in AS samples, followed by Bacteroidetes (19.54%) and Chloroflexi (4.13%). While the dominant genera were similar in both aerobic and anaerobic treatment processes, their relative abundances exhibited significant variations. Genera like HA73, Kosmotoga, and Desulfovibrio were more abundant during anaerobic treatment, while Rhodoplanes, Bdellovibrio, and Hyphomicrobium dominated during aerobic treatment. 13 and 10 core operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in aerobic and anaerobic sludge, respectively. Further analysis revealed that core OTUs belonging to genera Kosmotoga, Desulfovibrio, Thauera, Hyphomicrobium, and Chelativorans, were associated with key functions, including sulfur metabolism, methane metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, toluene degradation, and nitrogen metabolism. Furthermore, this study highlighted the crucial roles of environmental factors, such as COD, NH-N, SO, and TP, in shaping both the structure and core functions of bacterial communities within AS of PWWTPs. Notably, these factors indirectly affect functional attributes by modulating the bacterial community composition and structure in pharmaceutical wastewater. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the efficiency of biochemical treatment processes in PWWTPs.
Topics: Sewage; Wastewater; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Bacteria; Water Purification; Environmental Pollutants; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Bioreactors
PubMed: 38428794
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123635 -
Translational Animal Science 2024is a Chinese medicine with a long history in which stems and leaves are the wastes of processing and have not been effectively utilized. The effects of diets...
is a Chinese medicine with a long history in which stems and leaves are the wastes of processing and have not been effectively utilized. The effects of diets containing stems and leaves on the cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration and microbiome of independent pigs were studied. Diets containing stems and leaves did not affect the concentration of SCFA in the cecal contents of Duzang pigs but affected the microbial composition and diversity. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes dominate in the cecal of Duzang pigs. Feeding Duzang pigs with a 10% stems and leaves diet increases the abundance of , , and in the cecal. We found 14 genera positively associated with acetate, and they were , , and showed negative correlations. , , and were positively associated with propionate. , , and were positively associated with butyrate. In conclusion, stems and leaves could affect the cecal microbial community and functional composition of Duzang pigs. stems and leaves reduce the enrichment of lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathway of the cecal microbiome, which may have a positive effect on intestinal health. The higher abundance of GH25 family in Duzang pig's cecal microbiome of fed stems and leaves diet. This increase may be the reason for the microbial diversity decrease.
PubMed: 38425544
DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad142 -
Heliyon Feb 2024Curcumin is widely used as a traditional drug in Asia. Interestingly, curcumin and its metabolites have been demonstrated to influence the microbiota. However, the...
Curcumin is widely used as a traditional drug in Asia. Interestingly, curcumin and its metabolites have been demonstrated to influence the microbiota. However, the effect of curcumin on the gut microbiota in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin on the gut microbiota community, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, intestinal permeability, and Th17/Treg balance in a Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (T-AChR)-induced MG mouse model. The results showed that curcumin significantly alleviated the clinical symptoms of MG mice induced by T-AChR. Curcumin modified the gut microbiota composition, increased microbial diversity, and, in particular, reduced endotoxin-producing Proteobacteria and Desulfovibrio levels in T-AChR-induced gut dysbiosis. Moreover, we found that curcumin significantly increased fecal butyrate levels in mice with T-AChR-induced gut dysbiosis. Butyrate levels increased in conjunction with the increase in butyrate-producing species such as Oscillospira, Akkermansia, and Allobaculum in the curcumin-treated group. In addition, curcumin repressed the increased levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), zonulin, and FD4 in plasma. It enhanced Occludin expression in the colons of MG mice induced with T-AChR, indicating dramatically alleviated gut permeability. Furthermore, curcumin treatment corrected T-AChR-induced imbalances in Th17/Treg cells. In summary, curcumin may protect mice against myasthenia gravis by modulating both the gut microbiota and SCFAs, improving gut permeability, and regulating the Th17/Treg balance. This study provides novel insights into curcumin's clinical value in MG therapy.
PubMed: 38420408
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26030