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Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Ethambutol; Antitubercular Agents; Male; Female; Adult; Electroretinography; Middle Aged; Visual Acuity; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 38905470
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_494_23 -
The Journal of Organic Chemistry Jun 2024A mechanochemical synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles from donor-acceptor cyclopropyl ketones and 1,2-diaminoarenes under metal-free and solventless conditions...
A mechanochemical synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles from donor-acceptor cyclopropyl ketones and 1,2-diaminoarenes under metal-free and solventless conditions is reported. The reaction does not require inert conditions and is promoted by a stoichiometric amount of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol. This cascade reaction involves ring-opening, cyclization, and retro-Mannich reaction of cyclopropyl ketones with aryl 1,2-diamines. Compared to its solution-phase counterpart, this mechanochemical approach shows fast reactivity (24 vs 1.5 h). Mechanistic investigations by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry helped us to propose the reaction mechanism.
PubMed: 38905327
DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00716 -
Chemical Communications (Cambridge,... Jun 2024A bipolar polymer cathode material, containing redox-active azo benzene and diamine moieties, was synthesized for sodium-ion batteries. The n-type azo group and p-type...
A bipolar polymer cathode material, containing redox-active azo benzene and diamine moieties, was synthesized for sodium-ion batteries. The n-type azo group and p-type amine group enable a wide cutoff window with an initial capacity of 93 mA h g at 50 mA g and a high voltage plateau at ∼3.3 V.
PubMed: 38904432
DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01479k -
International Journal of Medical... 2024Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease, characterized by dysregulated immune response. HDAC3 is reported to be an epigenetic brake...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease, characterized by dysregulated immune response. HDAC3 is reported to be an epigenetic brake in inflammation, playing critical roles in macrophages. However, its role in IBD is unclear. In our study, we found HDAC3 was upregulated in CX3CR1-positive cells in the mucosa from IBD mice. Conditional knockout (cKO) of Hdac3 in CX3CR1 positive cells attenuated the disease severity of Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In addition, inhibition of HDAC3 with RGFP966 could also alleviate the DSS-induced tissue injury and inflammation in IBD. The RNA sequencing results revealed that Hdac3 cKO restrained DSS-induced upregulation of genes in the pathways of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, chemokine signaling, and extracellular matrix receptor interaction. We also identified that Guanylate-Binding Protein 5 (GBP5) was transcriptionally regulated by HDAC3 in monocytes by RNA sequencing. Inhibition of HDAC3 resulted in decreased transcriptional activity of interferon-gamma-induced expression of GBP5 in CX3CR1-positive cells, such as macrophages and microglia. Overexpression of HDAC3 upregulated the transcriptional activity of GBP5 reporter. Lastly, conditional knockout of Hdac3 in macrophages (Hdac3 mKO) attenuated the disease severity of DSS-induced colitis. In conclusion, inhibition of HDAC3 in macrophages could ameliorate the disease severity and inflammatory response in colitis by regulating GBP5-NLRP3 axis, identifying a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of colitis.
Topics: Animals; Dextran Sulfate; Histone Deacetylases; Mice; Macrophages; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Mice, Knockout; Colitis; Humans; Signal Transduction; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; GTP-Binding Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Intestinal Mucosa; Acrylamides; Phenylenediamines
PubMed: 38903915
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.94592 -
Cureus May 2024Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been demonstrated to be effective in arresting caries lesions and, recently, clinical trials have assessed the effectiveness of SDF as... (Review)
Review
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been demonstrated to be effective in arresting caries lesions and, recently, clinical trials have assessed the effectiveness of SDF as a medicament for indirect pulp therapy (IPT) in primary teeth. This review aims to summarize the literature related to the use of SDF and find out if SDF can be used as an effective material for IPT. A literature search was undertaken on electronic databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, which elicited 50 studies employing different materials in the IPT of primary molars; however, of them, only four clinical trials used SDF as indirect pulp capping (IPC) material. SDF has the potential to be a useful material for IPT in primary teeth. It is a handy choice for pediatric dentists due to its minimum invasiveness, ease of application, and ability to stop the progression of caries. However, more studies are needed to determine whether SDF can be used routinely for IPT and whether it can even replace the currently available materials, as well as to fully realize its potential and establish criteria for its ideal application in IPT procedures.
PubMed: 38903314
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60780 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2024To solve the problem of unclear targeted inhibition of key free radicals by antioxidants, this paper took the hydroxyl radical with the highest oxidation activity of...
To solve the problem of unclear targeted inhibition of key free radicals by antioxidants, this paper took the hydroxyl radical with the highest oxidation activity of coal as the inhibition target and selected five antioxidants such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, tea polyphenol, citric acid, vitamin C, and proanthocyanidins. Based on the theory of quantum chemistry, the characteristics and oxidation pathway of antioxidants inhibiting coal oxidation of hydroxyl radical were analyzed. Analyze the influence characteristics of antioxidants on the evolution of free radicals in coal through an electron paramagnetic resonance experiment (ESR). The results showed that the electron density of antioxidants was mainly distributed in the functional groups of carboxyl and hydroxyl, which played a key inhibitory role, and the vicinity of carboxyl and hydroxyl and other functional groups was positive potential, which was the active site of inhibiting hydroxyl radical. The order of inhibitory capacity of the five antioxidants was determined as GTP > PC > EDTA > CA > VC. It is concluded that the energy barrier of hydroxyl radical inhibition by citric acid is much lower than that of EDTA. For the hydrogen extraction reaction, VC inhibited the hydroxyl radical pathway with a higher energy barrier than the other three antioxidants. The mechanism of five antioxidants inhibiting •OH reaction was comprehensively analyzed. It was found that tea polyphenols have more active sites that can react with •OH to quench it, so the inhibition of tea polyphenols should be the most significant. When antioxidants inhibit coal spontaneous combustion, the type, complexity, concentration, and linewidth of free radicals in coal molecules are lower than those in raw coal, with GTP antioxidants having the best inhibitory effect. The research results have important theoretical and practical significance for revealing the mechanism of coal spontaneous combustion inhibition and developing directional coal spontaneous combustion inhibition technology.
PubMed: 38900404
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33501-9 -
Mikrochimica Acta Jun 2024Ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric strategies for detecting activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in human serum were developed by using g-CN nanosheets,...
Ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric strategies for assessing activity of butyrylcholinesterase in human serum using g-CN nanosheets, silver ion and o-phenylenediamine.
Ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric strategies for detecting activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in human serum were developed by using g-CN nanosheets, silver ion (Ag) and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) as chromogenic agents. The oxidation-reduction reaction of OPD and Ag generates 2,3-diaminophenazine (oxOPD). Under exciation at 370 nm, g-CN nanosheets and oxOPD emit fluorescence at 440 nm (F) and 560 nm (F), respectively. Additionally, oxOPD exhibits quenching ability towards g-CN nanosheets via photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process. Thiocholine (TCh), as a product of BChE-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction of butylthiocholine iodide (BTCh), can coordinate with Ag intensively, and consequently diminish the amount of free Ag in the testing system. Less amount of free Ag leads to less production of oxOPD, resulting in less fluorescence quenching towards g-CN nanosheets as well as less fluorescence emission of oxOPD. Therefore, by using g-CN nanosheets and oxOPD as fluorescence indicators, the intensity ratio of their fluorescence (F/F) was calculated and employed to evaluate the activity of BChE. Similarly, the color variation of oxOPD indicated by the absorbance at 420 nm (ΔA) was monitored for the same purpose. These strategies were validated to be sensitive and selective for detecting BChE activity in human serum, with limits of detection (LODs) of 0.1 U L for ratiometric fluorescence mode and 0.7 U L for colorimetric mode.
Topics: Humans; Colorimetry; Silver; Phenylenediamines; Butyrylcholinesterase; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Nanostructures; Nitrogen Compounds; Limit of Detection; Nitriles; Graphite; Phenazines
PubMed: 38900245
DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06488-w -
Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England... Jun 2024A series of nine new soft salts based on two platinum(II) complexes, namely ([Pt(C^N)(CN)][Pt(C^N)(en)]) (en = ethane-1,2-diamine), has been developed and synthesized....
A series of nine new soft salts based on two platinum(II) complexes, namely ([Pt(C^N)(CN)][Pt(C^N)(en)]) (en = ethane-1,2-diamine), has been developed and synthesized. Their photophysical properties in both solution and the solid state were described. All soft salt complexes exhibit phosphorescence emission with PLQY in the solid state up to 0.36. Most of these materials displayed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) or aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) in water/DMSO solutions as the water ratio increased. Structure-property relationships were analyzed in relation to emission properties. The presence of the free nitrogen atoms in soft salt complexes with a C^N pyrimidine-based ligand allowed for reversible sensitivity to acidic vapors, resulting in the quenching of phosphorescence emission. Additionally, for selected soft salts, we described reversible vapochromism behaviour, making these new materials interesting for multi-detection purposes in anti-counterfeiting applications.
PubMed: 38900145
DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01188k -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2024Obesity is associated with a significantly increased risk for chronic diarrhea, which has been proposed as Linghu's obesity-diarrhea syndrome (ODS); however, its...
BACKGROUND
Obesity is associated with a significantly increased risk for chronic diarrhea, which has been proposed as Linghu's obesity-diarrhea syndrome (ODS); however, its molecular mechanisms are largely unknown.
AIM
To reveal the transcriptomic changes in the jejunum involved in ODS.
METHODS
In a cohort of 6 ODS patients (JOD group), 6 obese people without diarrhea (JO group), and 6 healthy controls (JC group), high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify jejunal mucosal mRNA expression alterations and dysfunctional biological processes. In another cohort of 16 ODS patients (SOD group), 16 obese people without diarrhea (SO group), and 16 healthy controls (SC group), serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate (D-LA) concentrations were detected to assess changes in intestinal barrier function.
RESULTS
The gene expression profiles of jejunal mucosa in the JO and JC groups were similar, with only 1 differentially expressed gene (DEG). The gene expression profile of the JOD group was significantly changed, with 411 DEGs compared with the JO group and 211 DEGs compared with the JC group, 129 of which overlapped. The enrichment analysis of these DEGs showed that the biological processes such as digestion, absorption, and transport of nutrients (especially lipids) tended to be up-regulated in the JOD group, while the biological processes such as rRNA processing, mitochondrial translation, antimicrobial humoral response, DNA replication, and DNA repair tended to be down-regulated in the JOD group. Eight DEGs (, , , , , , , and ) may play a key regulatory role in the pathological process of ODS, and their expression levels were significantly decreased in ODS patients ( < 0.001). In the second cohort, compared with healthy controls, the levels of serum intestinal barrier function markers (DAO and D-LA) were significantly increased in all obese individuals ( < 0.01), but were higher in the SOD group than in the SO group ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Compared with healthy controls and obese individuals without diarrhea, patients with Linghu's ODS had extensive transcriptomic changes in the jejunal mucosa, likely affecting intestinal barrier function and thus contributing to the obesity and chronic diarrhea phenotypes.
Topics: Humans; Jejunum; Male; Pilot Projects; Female; Diarrhea; Adult; Intestinal Mucosa; Obesity; Middle Aged; Gene Expression Profiling; Transcriptome; Case-Control Studies; Syndrome; Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); Computational Biology; Lactic Acid; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 38899329
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i21.2777 -
Journal of Dentistry Jun 2024to investigate whether baseline mineral distribution modulates the ability of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) to remineralize and stain enamel caries lesions.
OBJECTIVES
to investigate whether baseline mineral distribution modulates the ability of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) to remineralize and stain enamel caries lesions.
METHODS
This laboratory study followed a 3 [treatment: SDF/fluoride varnish (FV)/deionized water (DIW)] ×3 [lesion protocol: methylcellulose (MeC)/hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)/Carbopol 907 (C907)] factorial design. Lesions were created in bovine enamel specimens (n = 20). Treatments were applied and lesions remineralized in artificial saliva. Digital transverse microradiography (TMR-D) was used to analyze lesions. Lesion color was monitored spectrophotometrically. The effects of lesion protocol and treatment on changes in lesion depth (ΔLD), mineral loss (ΔΔZ), maximum mineral density at the surface zone (ΔSZ), and color changes related to remineralization (ΔL*) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA.
RESULTS
The treatment×lesion protocol interaction was significant for ΔΔZ (p < 0.01) and ΔL* (p < 0.01), however not for ΔLD (p = 0.23) or ΔSZ (p = 0.91). There were no differences in ΔΔZ between treatments in HEC and C907 lesions. However, DIW resulted in more remineralization than both SDF (p < 0.01) and FV (p = 0.01) in MeC lesions. Considering changes from lesion baseline after remineralization in MeC lesions, SDF treatment resulted in the highest mineral gain in the surface zone. However, DIW revealed the highest mineral gain after remineralization in the lesion body. SDF stained lesions with the intensity increasing after remineralization in C907 lesions, whereas staining decreased in MeC and HEC lesions.
CONCLUSION
High fluoride treatments can interfere with continuous remineralization of caries lesions due to partial arrest. Baseline lesion mineral distribution affects SDF's ability to enhance remineralization and the staining caused by SDF.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
SDF is being used to arrest active caries lesions extending into dentin and to treat dentin hypersensitivity. This study shed light on SDF's effect on an isolated process in dental caries only, remineralization. It achieved this by examining enamel caries lesions with differing mineral distributions and assessing their staining properties.
PubMed: 38897540
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105139