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The American Journal of Clinical... Jul 2024
Randomized Controlled Trial
Topics: Humans; Cholesterol, LDL; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Body Mass Index; Dietary Proteins; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Adult
PubMed: 38960576
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.014 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Cholesterol, LDL; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Body Mass Index; Female; Obesity
PubMed: 38960575
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.039 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jul 2024Personalized nutrition (PN) has been proposed as a strategy to increase the effectiveness of dietary recommendations and ultimately improve health status. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
A single-blinded, randomized, parallel intervention to evaluate genetics and omics-based personalized nutrition in general population via an e-commerce tool: The PREVENTOMICS e-commerce study.
BACKGROUND
Personalized nutrition (PN) has been proposed as a strategy to increase the effectiveness of dietary recommendations and ultimately improve health status.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to assess whether including omics-based PN in an e-commerce tool improves dietary behavior and metabolic profile in general population.
METHODS
A 21-wk parallel, single-blinded, randomized intervention involved 193 adults assigned to a control group following Mediterranean diet recommendations (n = 57, completers = 36), PN (n = 70, completers = 45), or personalized plan (PP, n = 68, completers = 53) integrating a behavioral change program with PN recommendations. The intervention used metabolomics, proteomics, and genetic data to assist participants in creating personalized shopping lists in a simulated e-commerce retailer portal. The primary outcome was the Mediterranean diet adherence screener (MEDAS) score; secondary outcomes included biometric and metabolic markers and dietary habits.
RESULTS
Volunteers were categorized with a scoring system based on biomarkers of lipid, carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and microbiota, and dietary recommendations delivered accordingly in the PN and PP groups. The intervention significantly increased MEDAS scores in all volunteers (control-3 points; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2, 3.8; PN-2.7 points; 95% CI: 2.0, 3.3; and PP-2.8 points; 95% CI: 2.1, 3.4; q < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in dietary habits or health parameters between PN and control groups after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Nevertheless, personalized recommendations significantly (false discovery rate < 0.05) and selectively enhanced the scores calculated with biomarkers of carbohydrate metabolism (β: -0.37; 95% CI: -0.56, -0.18), oxidative stress (β: -0.37; 95% CI: -0.60, -0.15), microbiota (β: -0.38; 95% CI: -0.63, -0.15), and inflammation (β: -0.78; 95% CI: -1.24, -0.31) compared with control diet.
CONCLUSIONS
Integration of personalized strategies within an e-commerce-like tool did not enhance adherence to Mediterranean diet or improved health markers compared with general recommendations. The metabotyping approach showed promising results and more research is guaranteed to further promote its application in PN. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04641559 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04641559?cond=NCT04641559&rank=1).
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Adult; Single-Blind Method; Diet, Mediterranean; Precision Medicine; Metabolomics; Nutritional Status; Biomarkers; Feeding Behavior
PubMed: 38960570
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.004 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Diet; Global Health
PubMed: 38960569
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.016 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Jul 2024To conduct a randomized controlled trial examining the effects of a social network intervention on health. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a randomized controlled trial examining the effects of a social network intervention on health.
PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS
The Microclinic Social Network Program randomized controlled trial (implemented from June 1, 2011, through December 31, 2014) delivered weekly social-health classroom interventions for 9 to 10 months vs standard of care. Longitudinal multilevel analyses examined end-of-trial and 6-month post-intervention outcomes. Social network effects were estimated via a novel social induction ratio.
RESULTS
We randomized 494 participants, comprising 27 classroom clusters from five neighborhood cohorts. Compared with controls, the intervention showed decreased body weight 6.32 pounds (95% CI, 8.65 to 3.98; overall P<.001), waist circumference 1.21 inches (95% CI, 1.84 to 0.58; overall P<.001), hemoglobin A % change 1.60 (95% CI, 1.88 to 1.33; overall P<.001), mean arterial blood pressure 1.83 mm Hg (95% CI, 3.79 to 0.32; overall P<.01), borderline-increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 1.09 (95% CI, 0.01-2.17; P=.05; overall P=.01). At 6 months post-intervention, net improvements were: weight change 97% sustained (P<.001), waist circumference change 92% sustained (P<.001), hemoglobin A change 82.5% sustained (P<.001), high-density lipoprotein change 79% sustained (overall P=.01), and mean arterial blood pressure change greater than 100% sustained improvement of 4.21 mm Hg (P<.001). Mediation analysis found that diet and exercise did not substantially explain improvements. In the intent-to-treat analysis of social causal induction, the weight-change social induction ratio (SIR) was 1.80 for social-network weight change-meaning that social networks explained the greater weight loss in the intervention than controls. Furthermore, we observed an even stronger weight-loss SIR of 2.83 at 6 months post-intervention.
CONCLUSION
Results show intervention effectiveness for improving health in resource-limited communities, with SIR demonstrating that social-network effects helped induce such improvements.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT01651065.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Appalachian Region; Middle Aged; Rural Population; Adult; Glycated Hemoglobin; Waist Circumference; Blood Pressure
PubMed: 38960495
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.11.023 -
Psychiatry Investigation Jun 2024Increased fast food consumption can have adverse effects on health and well-being among adolescents, posing a significant public health concern. The school closures due...
The Relationship Between Fast Food Consumption and Daily Lifestyle Changes During School Closures Following the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Adolescents in Korea.
OBJECTIVE
Increased fast food consumption can have adverse effects on health and well-being among adolescents, posing a significant public health concern. The school closures due to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have led to changes in eating patterns and disrupted a balance diet among adolescents. This study explored the factors associated with fast food consumption among adolescents during school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
A total of 1,710 middle and high school students in Gwangju, South Korea participated in a cross-sectional survey. The self-administered questionnaire included items assessing dietary intake, physical activity, sleep, media use, and sociodemographic information. The Patient Health Questonnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and three item version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale were also administered. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with increased fast food consumption.
RESULTS
Approximately 34.6% of the surveyed adolescents reported increased fast food consumption during school closures, as well as increased sleep duration, increased sedentary behaviors including watching TV and using the internet, and reduced physical activity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that fast food consumption during school closures was associated with irregular patterns of main meals and sleep, decreased physical activity, increased internet use, and a lack of daytime adult supervision.
CONCLUSION
Our results highlight the need for dietary and lifestyle monitoring and guidelines to promote health among adolescents, especially during school closures. In conclusion, nutrition intervention programs aiming to limit fast food consumption and enhance healthy dietary habits among adolescents during long-term school closures are warranted.
PubMed: 38960438
DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0283 -
Maternal & Child Nutrition Jul 2024This study examined modifiable caregiver factors influencing child development in Malawi using baseline data from 1,021 mothers and their children <2 years of age...
This study examined modifiable caregiver factors influencing child development in Malawi using baseline data from 1,021 mothers and their children <2 years of age participating in a cluster-randomized controlled trial implemented in rural Malawi (2022-2025). We fit an evidence-based theoretical model using structural equation modelling examining four caregiver factors: (1) diet diversity (sum of food groups consumed in the past 24 h), (2) empowerment (assessed using the project-level Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index), (3) mental health (assessed using the Self-Reported Questionnaire, SRQ-20), and (4) stimulation (number of stimulation activities the mother engaged in the past 3 days). Child development was assessed using the Malawi Development Assessment Tool (norm-referenced aggregate Z-score). The model controlled for child, caregiver, and household socioeconomic characteristics. Results showed that caregiver dietary diversity was directly associated with higher child development scores (standardized coefficient 0.091 [95% CI 0.027, 0.153]) and lower SRQ-20 scores -0.058 (-0.111, -0.006). Empowerment was directly associated with higher child development scores (0.071 [0.007, 0.133]), higher stimulation score (0.074 [0.013, 0.140]), higher dietary diversity (0.085 [0.016, 0.145]), and lower SRQ-20 scores (-0.068 [-0.137, -0.002]). Further, higher empowerment was indirectly associated with improved child development through enhancement of caregiver dietary diversity, with an indirect effect of 0.008 (0.002, 0.018). These findings highlight the important role that caregiver diet and empowerment play in directly influencing child development and other aspects of caregiver well-being. Interventions aimed at enhancing child development should consider these factors as potential targets to improve outcomes for children and caregivers.
PubMed: 38960410
DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13698 -
Journal of Biochemistry Jul 2024Erythrocytes are important vascular components that play vital roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis, in addition to carrying oxygen. Previously, we reported that...
Erythrocytes are important vascular components that play vital roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis, in addition to carrying oxygen. Previously, we reported that the changes in the internal milieu (e.g., hyperglycemia or hypercholesterolemia) increase erythrocyte adhesion to various ECM components, potentially through altering glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). In this study, we have investigated the expression of syndecan (Sdc) family members that could be involved in mediating cytoadherence under conditions of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Among the Sdc family members analyzed, we found significant overexpression of Sdc-3 in erythrocyte membranes harvested from high-fat-fed control and diabetic animals. Animal studies revealed a positive correlation between Sdc-3 expression, blood sugar levels, and erythrocyte adhesion. In the human study, diabetic cohorts with BMI >24.9 showed significantly increased expression of Sdc-3. Interestingly, blocking the Sdc-3 moiety with an anti-Sdc-3 antibody revealed that the core protein might not be directly involved in erythrocyte adhesion to fibronectin despite the GAGs bringing about adhesion. Lastly, Nano LC-MS/MS verified the presence of Sdc-3 in erythrocyte membranes. In conclusion, the high-fat diet and diabetes modulated Sdc-3 expression in the erythrocyte membrane, which may alter its adhesive properties and promote vascular complications.
PubMed: 38960390
DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae050 -
Journal of Advanced Research Jul 2024High palmitic acid (PA) levels trigger metainflammation, facilitating the onset and progression of chronic metabolic diseases. Recently, exosomes were identified as new...
INTRODUCTION
High palmitic acid (PA) levels trigger metainflammation, facilitating the onset and progression of chronic metabolic diseases. Recently, exosomes were identified as new inflammation mediators. However, the mechanism by which macrophage exosomes mediate PA-induced inflammation remains unclear.
OBJECTIVES
To explore how PA induces metainflammation through macrophage exosomes.
METHODS
Exosomes secreted by RAW264.7 mouse macrophages stimulated with PA (Exos) or not (Exos) were prepared by ultracentrifugation. The differential miRNAs between Exos and Exos were identified by high-throughput sequencing, and their targeted mRNAs and proteins were bioinformatically analyzed and verified by qPCR and western blot. Mouse macrophages and metabolic cells (AML-12 hepatocytes, C2C12 myocytes or 3T3-L1 adipocytes) were treated with Exos or Exos. The verified miRNAs and its targeted molecules related to inflammation were analyzed in recipient cells. Furthers, exosomes were prepared from primary peritoneal macrophages isolated from AIN93G diet-fed (Control PM-Exos) or HPD-fed (PA PM-Exos) mice. Control or PA PM-Exos were then tail vein injected (30 μg) into mice (n = 10), once a week for 2 weeks. The verified miRNA and its targets in blood, blood exosomes, and metabolic tissues were detected. Finally, measured the levels of miRNA, inflammatory factors, and fatty acids in the blood of 20 obese/overweight individuals and 20 healthy individuals.
RESULTS
Exo activate NF-κB signaling and enhance inflammatory enzyme/cytokine production in macrophages and metabolic cells. Exo enrich miR-3064-5p and target to inhibit IκBα as verified by exosome inhibitors and miR-3064-5p mimics and inhibitors. HPD elevates exosomal miR-3064-5p, macrophage exosomal miR-3064-5p, and inflammatory cytokine levels in mice circulation. PA PM-Exos from HPD-fed mice triggered inflammation in the circulation and metabolic tissues/organs of chow diet-fed mice. Overweight/obese individuals exhibit increased levels of circulating palmitoleic acid, exosomal miR-3064-5p, and high-sensitivity C-reactive proteins.
CONCLUSIONS
Macrophage exosomes transferring miR-3064-5p to target IκBα and activate NF-κB signaling in metabolic cells is a mechanism of PA-induced metainflammation.
PubMed: 38960278
DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.024 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Jul 2024
PubMed: 38960275
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.06.019