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Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of... Jun 2024Gastric ulcer disease remains one of the common medical burdens affecting millions worldwide due to its prevalent risk factors with the chronic usage of non-steroidal...
Gastric ulcer disease remains one of the common medical burdens affecting millions worldwide due to its prevalent risk factors with the chronic usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at the top, reportedly through the stimulation of oxidative stress and triggering of inflammatory and apoptotic cascades in the gastric mucosa. Astaxanthin, a dietary keto-carotenoid derived from marine organisms is gaining a wide interest as a nutraceutical for its pronounced antioxidant properties. Here, we aim to examine the potential modulatory role of astaxanthin on indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in experimental mice. Twenty-four Swiss albino mice were randomly distributed into four groups: a control group, an indomethacin group, and two groups pre-treated with either omeprazole or astaxanthin. The gastric tissues were assessed using gross morphology, ulcer scoring, gastric juice acidity, as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histopathological examination and immunostaining for nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and caspase-3 levels were also employed. Indomethacin group tended to show a higher number of mucosal ulcerations relative to control and pre-treated groups. The indomethacin group also showed significantly lower GSH levels and higher MDA levels relative to control. Immunostaining of gastric tissue sections showed a higher reactivity to NF-κB and caspase-3 in indomethacin group. Astaxanthin pre-treatment significantly elevated gastric juice pH, normalized GSH levels, and lowered the indomethacin-induced elevations in MDA, NF-κB, and caspase-3 levels. These results indicate that astaxanthin exhibits a comparable protective effect to omeprazole, against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration. This anti-ulcerogenic effect could be mediated through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic modulatory activities.
PubMed: 38940848
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03206-4 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Jun 2024The final decision to fast or not fast for routine lipid profile examination in a standard, healthy population is unclear. Whereas the United States and European... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The final decision to fast or not fast for routine lipid profile examination in a standard, healthy population is unclear. Whereas the United States and European protocols state that fasting for regular lipid analysis is unnecessary, the North American and Chinese guidelines still recommend fasting before routine lipid testing.
AIM
This study aimed to unravel the contradiction between the different protocols of lipid profile testing worldwide and clarify the effect of diet on lipid profile testing only in a regular, healthy population.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted through May 2024. The analyses included studies performed from the date 2000 until now because the contradiction of guidelines for lipid profile testing appeared for the first time in this period. A planned internal validity evaluation was performed using the National Institute of Health (NIH) quality measurement tools for observational cohort, case‒control, controlled interventional, and cross-sectional studies. The data were synthesized according to RevMan 5.3.
RESULTS
Eight studies with a total of 244,665 participants were included. The standardized mean difference in cholesterol in six studies showed significant differences in overall effect among fasting and nonfasting states (P < 0.00001), as did high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.00001). At the same time, with respect to triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, there were notable variations in the overall effect between the fasted and nonfasted states (P < 0.00001 and P ≤ 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis concluded that fasting for lipid profile testing is preferred as a conservative model to reduce variability and increase consistency in patients' metabolic status when sampling for lipid testing.
Topics: Humans; Fasting; Triglycerides; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, HDL; Lipids; Female; Male; Adult
PubMed: 38937752
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02169-y -
Gut Microbes 2024Diet is a key player in gut-liver axis. However, the effect of different dietary patterns on gut microbiota and liver functions remains unclear. Here, we used rodent...
Diet is a key player in gut-liver axis. However, the effect of different dietary patterns on gut microbiota and liver functions remains unclear. Here, we used rodent standard chow and purified diet to mimic two common human dietary patterns: grain and plant-based diet and refined-food-based diet, respectively and explored their impacts on gut microbiota and liver. Gut microbiota experienced a great shift with notable increase in , gut bile acid (BA) levels elevated significantly, and liver inflammation was observed in mice fed with the purified diet. Liver inflammation and elevated gut BA levels also occurred in mice fed with the chow diet after receiving ATCC 29,577 (DSV). Restriction of sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) prevented liver injury mainly through higher hepatic antioxidant and detoxifying ability and reversed the elevated BA levels due to excess . fermentation of human fecal microbiota with primary BAs demonstrated that DSV enhanced production of secondary BAs. Higher concentration of both primary and secondary BAs were found in the gut of germ-free mice after receiving DSV. In conclusion, Restriction of SAAs in diet may become an effective dietary intervention to prevent liver injury associated with excess in the gut.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice; Liver; Humans; Desulfovibrio; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Bile Acids and Salts; Amino Acids; Diet; Feces; Sulfur; Amino Acids, Sulfur
PubMed: 38935546
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2370634 -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Jun 2024Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a homodimeric glycoprotein produced by the human liver and secreted into the systemic circulation where it binds with high... (Review)
Review
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a homodimeric glycoprotein produced by the human liver and secreted into the systemic circulation where it binds with high affinity sex steroids regulating their availability in blood and accessibility to target tissues. Plasma SHBG levels are altered in metabolic disorders such as obesity, anorexia, and insulin resistance. Several reports have shown that diets in terms of total calories or fat, fiber, or protein content can alter plasma SHBG levels. However, there are many components in a diet that can affect SHBG gene expression in the liver. In order to unravel the molecular mechanisms by which diets regulate SHBG production, it would be necessary to analyze single diet components and/or nutritional factors. This review summarizes the recent advances in identifying different nutritional factors regulating SHBG production and the related molecular mechanism, as well as the clinical implications.
PubMed: 38934352
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400020 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common cause of peripheral compressive neuropathy and consists of compression of the median nerve in the wrist. Although there...
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common cause of peripheral compressive neuropathy and consists of compression of the median nerve in the wrist. Although there are several etiologies, idiopathic is the most prevalent origin, and among the forms of treatment for CTS, conservative is the most indicated. However, despite the high prevalence in and impact of this syndrome on the healthcare system, there are still controversies regarding the best therapeutic approach for patients. Therefore, noting that some studies point to vitamin D deficiency as an independent risk factor, which increases the symptoms of the syndrome, this study evaluated the role of vitamin D supplementation and its influence on pain control, physical examination and response electroneuromyography to conservative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. For this, the sample consisted of 14 patients diagnosed with CTS and hypovitaminosis D, who were allocated into two groups. The control group received corticosteroid treatment, while the experimental group received corticosteroid treatment associated with vitamin D. Thus, from this study, it can be concluded that patients who received vitamin D, when compared to those who did not receive it, showed improvement in the degree of pain intensity, a reduction in symptom severity and an improvement in some electroneuromyographic parameters.
Topics: Humans; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Vitamin D; Female; Vitamin D Deficiency; Male; Middle Aged; Electromyography; Adult; Treatment Outcome; Dietary Supplements; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Median Nerve; Aged
PubMed: 38931299
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121947 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Many women with PCOS have been found to have an unbalanced diet...
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Many women with PCOS have been found to have an unbalanced diet and deficiencies in essential nutrients. This study aimed to assess the levels of folate and vitamin B12 (B12) and their relationship with metabolic factors in women with PCOS. Anthropometric, clinical, and genetic analyses were conducted to evaluate markers related to one-carbon metabolism in women with PCOS and in a control group. The PCOS group had a higher BMI and HOMA-IR (1.7 vs. 3.1; < 0.0001). HDL cholesterol levels were 23% lower and triglyceride levels were 74% higher in women with PCOS. Although there were no significant differences in folate and B12 levels between the PCOS and control groups, over 60% of women with PCOS had low B12 levels (<300 pg/mL) and high homocysteine levels. In addition, the MTHFR A1298C and C677T polymorphisms were not associated with PCOS. Moreover, erythrocyte folate levels were positively correlated with fasting glucose, triglycerides, and free androgen index, and negatively correlated with SHBG and LH levels. These results suggest that B vitamins may be associated with the metabolic phenotype in PCOS. This study emphasizes the potential link between folate, vitamin B12, and metabolic and hormonal outcomes in women with PCOS.
Topics: Humans; Female; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Vitamin B 12; Folic Acid; Adult; Chile; Young Adult; Triglycerides; Homocysteine; Body Mass Index; Blood Glucose; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Insulin Resistance; Cholesterol, HDL; Case-Control Studies; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38931291
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121937 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Depression is a major global health concern expected to worsen by 2030. In 2019, 28 million individuals were affected by depressive disorders. Dietary and supplemental... (Review)
Review
Depression is a major global health concern expected to worsen by 2030. In 2019, 28 million individuals were affected by depressive disorders. Dietary and supplemental vitamins show overall favorable preventative and therapeutic effects on depression. B vitamins are crucial for neurological function and mood regulation. Deficiencies in these vitamins are linked to depression. Studies on individual B vitamins show promise in improving depressive symptoms, particularly thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate. Vitamin C deficiency may heighten depressive symptoms, but its exact role is not fully understood. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is associated with insufficient sunlight exposure and vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D supplementation for SAD shows inconsistent results due to methodological variations. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms of vitamins in depression treatment. Moreover, more research on SAD and light therapy's efficacy and underlying mechanisms involving photoreceptors, enzymes, and immune markers is needed. Although dietary and supplemental vitamins show overall favorable preventative and therapeutic effects on depression, dietitians treating psychiatric disorders face challenges due to diverse study designs, making direct comparisons difficult. Therefore, this article reviews the current literature to assess the role of dietary and supplemental vitamins in the prevention and treatment of depression. This review found that, although evidence supports the role of B vitamins and vitamins C and D in preventing and treating depression, further research is needed to clarify their mechanisms of action and determine the most effective intervention strategies.
Topics: Humans; Seasonal Affective Disorder; Vitamin D; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins; Depression; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D Deficiency; Female; Solubility
PubMed: 38931257
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121902 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that causes chronic pain, swelling, stiffness, disability, and significantly reduces the quality of life....
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that causes chronic pain, swelling, stiffness, disability, and significantly reduces the quality of life. Typically, OA is treated using painkillers and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). While current pharmacologic treatments are common, their potential side effects have prompted exploration into functional dietary supplements. Recently, eggshell membrane (ESM) has emerged as a potential functional ingredient for joint and connective tissue disorders due to its clinical efficacy in relieving joint pain and stiffness. Despite promising clinical evidence, the effects of ESM on OA progression and its mechanism of action remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the efficacy of Ovomet, a powdered natural ESM, against joint pain and disease progression in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rodent model of OA in mice and rats. The results demonstrate that ESM significantly alleviates joint pain and attenuates articular cartilage destruction in both mice and rats that received oral supplementation for 5 days prior to OA induction and for 28 days thereafter. Interestingly, ESM significantly inhibited mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as inflammatory mediators, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the knee joint cartilage at the early stage of OA, within 7 days after OA induction. However, this effect was not observed in the late stage at 28 days after OA induction. ESM further attenuates the induction of protein expression for cartilage-degrading enzymes like matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) 3 and 13, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS-5), in the late-stage. In addition, MIA-induced reduction of the protein expression levels of cartilage components, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), aggrecan (ACAN) and collagen type II α-1 chain (COL2α1), and cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis promoting transcriptional factor SRY-Box 9 (SOX-9) were increased via ESM treatment in the cartilage tissue. Our findings suggest that Ovomet, a natural ESM powder, is a promising dietary functional ingredient that can alleviate pain, inflammatory response, and cartilage degradation associated with the progression of OA.
Topics: Animals; Egg Shell; Cartilage, Articular; Osteoarthritis; Male; Mice; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Rats; Inflammation; Dietary Supplements; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Arthralgia; Time Factors; Iodoacetic Acid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 38931240
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121885 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Vitamin D3 plays a vital role in numerous physiological processes within the human body, including having a positive effect on eye health. It is renowned for its... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D3 plays a vital role in numerous physiological processes within the human body, including having a positive effect on eye health. It is renowned for its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and angiogenic properties. Its deficiency is evolving into a significant global challenge. In order to explain the connection between vitamin D3 and various ocular diseases, 84 relevant studies, mainly from the PubMed database, published in English between 1999 and 2024 were analyzed. Ocular tissues can activate and regulate vitamin D levels, which emphasizes the significance of this nutrient in maintaining eye homeostasis. While there is suggestive evidence for a probable association between vitamin D3 and ocular health, more robust research is needed to establish causation and inform clinical guidelines.
Topics: Humans; Cholecalciferol; Eye Diseases; Vitamin D Deficiency; Eye; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38931233
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121878 -
Nutrients Jun 2024The objective was to investigate associations of serum vitamin D concentration with depressive symptoms and assess the impact that vitamin D concentration has on the...
Low Vitamin D Concentration Is Associated with Increased Depression Risk in Adults 20-44 Years Old, an NHANES 2007-2018 Data Analysis with a Focus on Perinatal and Breastfeeding Status.
The objective was to investigate associations of serum vitamin D concentration with depressive symptoms and assess the impact that vitamin D concentration has on the occurrence of depressive symptoms in 20-44-year-old pregnant women, postpartum women, non-pp women (non-pregnant/postpartum women), and men, including a separate subgroup analysis of postpartum breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding women. The study populations were selected from the 2007-2018 NHANES public data. Subjective interview data and objective laboratory data including depressive symptoms, serum vitamin D concentration, nutrient intake, and demographic information were utilized. Two diet patterns were created using principal component analysis, and a Bayesian multinomial model was fit to predict the depression outcomes for each subpopulation. The estimates for the log vitamin D slope parameter were negative for all cohorts; as vitamin D increased, the probability of having no depression increased, while the probability of depression decreased. The pregnant cohort had the steepest vitamin D slope, followed by postpartum women, then non-pp women and men. Higher vitamin D concentration had more impact on decreasing depression risk in pregnant and postpartum women compared to non-pp women and men. Among postpartum women, higher vitamin D concentration had a greater influence on decreasing breastfeeding women's depression risk than non-breastfeeding women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Breast Feeding; Pregnancy; Vitamin D; Depression; Nutrition Surveys; Male; Young Adult; Postpartum Period; Vitamin D Deficiency; Risk Factors; Depression, Postpartum; Bayes Theorem
PubMed: 38931229
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121876